1、Designation: C301 04 (Reapproved 2009)C301 13Standard Test Methods forVitrified Clay Pipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C301; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the equipment for, and the techniqu
3、es of, testing vitrified clay pipe prior to installation. Tests usingwhole pipe determines the resistance to crushing and hydrostatic forces. Tests using pipe fragments measure the amount of waterabsorption of the pipe body and the quantity of acid-soluble material that may be extracted from it.NOTE
4、 1The following standards also apply to clay pipe and can be referenced for further information: Practice C12 and Test Method C828;Specifications C425 and C700.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI
5、units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of theuser of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
6、 applicability of regulatory limitationsprior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C12 Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe LinesC425 Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified Clay Pipe and FittingsC700 Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength, Standard Stre
7、ngth, and PerforatedC828 Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified Clay Pipe LinesC896 Terminology Relating to Clay ProductsE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods, refer to Terminology E
8、6 and Terminology C896.4. Significance and Use4.1 Meaning and SuitabilityThe tests called for herein, from their results, indicate the suitability and acceptability of vitrifiedclay pipe for specifications acceptance, design purposes, regulatory statutes, manufacturing control, and research.5. Beari
9、ng Strength5.1 Test Specimens:5.1.1 The test specimens shall be sound, full-size pipe and shall be selected by the purchaser, or his representative, at points hedesignates when placing the order.5.1.2 The number of specimens to be tested shall not exceed 0.5 % of the number of pipe of each size furn
10、ished, except thatno less than two specimens shall be tested.5.2 Measurement and Inspection of Specimens:1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on Vitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on Methods ofTest and Specifications.Current e
11、dition approved Oct. 1, 2009Jan. 1, 2013. Published October 2009February 2013. Originally approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 asC301 04.C301 04 (2009). DOI: 10.1520/C0301-04R09.10.1520/C0301-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactAS
12、TM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been mad
13、e to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copy
14、right ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2.1 The specimens shall be free of all visible moisture and frost. These specimens shall be inspected and measured forconformance with the applicable specifications. The results of these o
15、bservations shall be recorded.5.2.2 Specimens that are observed to have defects in excess of the limits permitted in the applicable specifications shall bediscarded and replaced with additional specimens from the lot to be tested.5.3 Loading Apparatus (see Fig. 1):5.3.1 Testing Machine:5.3.1.1 The l
16、oading apparatus shall consist of a testing machine capable of applying loads, with upper and lower bearingscapable of transmitting these loads to the pipe. The bearings shall be bearing beams and contact edges.5.3.1.2 Any motor driven testing machine that is capable of applying a load at a uniform
17、rate of 2000 6 500 lbf/minlinear ft(29.2 6 7.3 kN/minlinear m) of pipe length, shall be used for making the test.5.3.1.3 The load may be applied at a rapid rate until 50 % of the required bearing strength is reached. Subsequently, the loadshall be applied to the pipe at a uniform rate of 2000 6 500
18、lbf/minlinear ft (29.2 6 7.3 kN/minlinear m) of pipe length withoutvibration or shock.5.3.1.4 The testing machine shall be sufficiently rigid so that the load distribution will not be appreciably affected by thedeformation or yielding of any part. The machine and bearings shall be constructed to tra
19、nsmit the load in a vertical plane throughthe longitudinal axes of the bearings and pipe. The bearings shall be attached to the machine so as to receive and uniformly transmitthe loads required in the tests, without vibration or shock. The upper bearing shall be free to rotate in a vertical plane th
20、rough thelongitudinal axis of the bearing and the pipe.FIG. 1 Three-Edge Bearing Testing (see 5.3.4 for Segmented Testing)C301 1325.3.2 Bearing BeamsBearing beams shall not deflect more than a 14 by 8-in. (355 by 205-mm), 53-lb/linear ft (73-kg/linearm), wide flange beam as specified by the American
21、 Institute of Steel Construction. Under no circumstances shall the deflection ininches or millimetres under maximum load exceed that given by the ratio L/720 in which L is the beam length in inches ormillimetres. The length of the bearing beams shall be no less than the full length of the outside ba
22、rrel of the pipe. Built-up bearingbeams may be used, provided their deflection does not exceed that specified. In order for the bell or socket of the pipe to clear thebearing beams, it is recommended that the bearing beams be faced with a metal or hardwood member for affixing the contact edges.5.3.3
23、 Three-Edge Bearings:5.3.3.1 Three-edge bearings shall consist of an upper member, comprised of a bearing beam on which one contact edge islocated so that it lies in the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the pipe; and a lower member comprised of abearing beam on which two conta
24、ct edges are symmetrically located parallel to that vertical plane.5.3.3.2 The contact edges shall consist of rubber strips alone, or hardwood strips with plaster of paris fillets. strips. Contactedges shall uniformly contact the outside barrel of the pipe.5.3.3.3 The two contact edges on the lower
25、member shall be spaced apart approximately 1 in./ft (83 mm/m) of pipe diameter,but in no case less than 1 in. (25 mm).5.3.3.4 Positioning strips may be used to align the upper contact edge and to align and space the lower contact edges. In thecase of rubber contact edges, positioning strips shall no
26、t exceed one half of the thickness of the contact edge and may remain inplace.5.3.3.5 If rubber strips are used as contact edges, they shall be cut or formed from material having a Shore A, instantaneous,durometer hardness between 45 and 60. The strips shall be of rectangular cross section, having a
27、 2-in. (51-mm) width, and athickness not less than 1 in. (25 mm) nor more than 112 in. (38 mm). The contact edges shall be used with the 2-in. (51-mm)dimension in contact with the bearing beam. Rubber contact edges may be attached to the bearing beam by an adhesive, providedthe contact edge remains
28、firmly fixed in position.5.3.3.6 If hardwood strips with plaster of paris fillets are used as contact edges, the strips shall be straight, and have a crosssection not less than 1 in. (25 mm) in either direction. The bottom contact edges shall have vertical sides, with the interior topcorners having
29、a radius of approximately 12 in. (13 mm). The contact edges shall be securely fastened to the beams.5.3.3.7 Plaster of paris fillets shall be cast on hardwood contact edges to provide uniform bearing contact on the pipe barrel.Fillets shall be cast on the two lower contact edges and on the upper con
30、tact edge, along the pipe crown. Sufficient excess plastershall be removed from between the two lower contact edges to eliminate the possibility of a single continuous lower contact. Thepipe and contact edges shall be joined while the plaster of paris is still workable. Testing shall be performed on
31、ly after the filletshave set.5.3.4 Segmented Bearings (Alternative to Three-Edge Bearing)This apparatus shall consist of segmented upper and lowerbearing members with the segments of each member connected to a common hydraulic manifold to provide uniform load alongthe length of the barrel. The segme
32、nted bearings shall be of uniform length with the number of segments equal to the nominallength of the test pipe measured in feet. They shall be adjustable to accommodate the length variation allowed in the pipespecification. In no instance shall the length of the segmented bearing be greater than t
33、he external length of the barrel of the pipe.Rubber contact edges conforming to 5.3.3.5 shall be attached to the bearing segments.5.4 Bearing Tests (see Fig. 1):5.4.1 Test pipe for bearing strength in accordance with the three-edge bearing or segmented method. Use either of the specifiedbearing meth
34、ods on retests as provided in the applicable specifications.5.4.2 For tests using rigid bearing beams, multiple loading rams may be used. Each ram must have the same load range,connected by a common hydraulic system, and spaced above the top bearing beam to deliver a uniformly distributed load. In t
35、estingpipe that is not straight, place it between the bearings in the position that most nearly gives uniform loading on the pipe.5.4.2.1 Using a straight edge, locate the most uniform bearing surface for testing. Using this location, place the pipe bearingsurfaces to achieve uniform loading.5.4.2.2
36、 The resultant load from the hydraulic cylinder or cylinders shall be applied equidistant from each end as measured insidethe barrel of the pipe as shown in Fig. 1.5.4.3 The loading of the pipe shall be a continuous operation. Do not allow the pipe to stand under load longer than is requiredto apply
37、 the load and record the observations.5.4.4 The loading shall be stopped after the required strength has been met.5.4.5 For further evaluation or quality assurance, the loading may be continued to the point of pipe failure.5.4.6 Record the maximum load sustained by the specimen.5.5 Calculation and R
38、eport:5.5.1 Calculate the bearing strength by dividing the applied load by the inside length of the barrel. The length shall be theaverage of two measurements taken at points 180 (3.1 rad) apart. Report the individual results of the tests of pipe of each sizeor lot.6. Absorption6.1 Test Specimens:C3
39、01 1336.1.1 Absorption specimens shall be sound pieces of the full thickness of the barrel of the pipe, with all edges broken. Eachspecimen shall be as nearly square as possible, with the area on one barrel surface not less than twelve times the wall thickness,expressed as square units. They shall b
40、e free of observable cracks or shattered edges and shall not contain laminations and fissuresmore than is typical of the pipe from which the specimens were taken.6.1.2 Each specimen shall be marked so that it may be identified with the lot of pipe from which it was taken. The markingsshall be applie
41、d so that the pigment used shall cover not more than 1 % of the area of the specimen.6.1.3 Test at least one specimen from each size of pipe.6.2 Weighing ApparatusThe balance used shall be sensitive to 0.5 g when loaded with 1 kg, and weighings shall be made toat least the nearest 1 g. If other than
42、 metric weights are used, the same degree of accuracy shall be observed.6.3 Procedure:6.3.1 Dry the specimen at least 8 h in a ventilated oven at a temperature between 230 and 248F (110 and 120C), and makesuccessive weighings at intervals of not less than 3 h until the loss at any weighing is not gr
43、eater than 0.1 % of the original weightof the specimen.6.3.2 Suspend the dried specimens in distilled, rain, or tap water that is known to have no effect on test results; heat to boiling;boil for 5 h, and then cool in the water to ambient temperature. Take care that no fragments are broken from the
44、specimens byphysical disturbance during the test. When cool, remove the specimens from the water, and drain for not more than 1 min. Thenremove the superficial moisture by a damp cloth and weigh the specimens immediately.6.4 Calculation and Report:6.4.1 Calculate the absorption of each specimen as p
45、ercentage of the initial dry weight as follows:Absorption,%5SW2DW!/DW# 3100 (1)where:DW = initial dry weight of specimen, andSW = weight of specimen after boiling 5 h.6.4.2 Report the result for each specimen, together with the averages for the pipe of each size and shipment.7. Hydrostatic Pressure
46、Test7.1 When the pipe is subjected to an internal hydrostatic pressure of 10 psi (69 kPa) for the elapsed time shown in the followingtable, there shall be no leakage on the exterior of the pipe.At the option of the manufacturer, water within approximately 5F (3C)of the ambient air temperature may be
47、 introduced into the pipe for control of condensation. Moisture appearing on the surface ofthe pipe in the form of beads adhering to the surface shall not be considered leakage. However, moisture which starts to run onthe pipe shall be construed as leakage regardless of quantity.Testing Time for Pip
48、esThickness of Barrel,in. (mm)Test Time,minUp to and including 1 (25) 7Over 1 (25) and including 112 (38) 9Over 112 (38) and including 2 (51) 12Over 2 (51) and including 212 (64) 15Over 212 (64) and including 3 (76) 18Over 3 (76) 21Testing Time for PipesThickness of Barrel,in. (mm)Test Time,minUp to
49、 and including 1 (25) 7Over 1 (25) and including 112 (38) 9Over 112 (38) and including 2 (51) 12Over 2 (51) and including 212 (64) 15Over 212 (64) and including 3 (76) 18Over 3 (76) 218. Acid Resistance8.1 Determine the acid resistance of clay pipe by the extraction of acid-soluble matter.8.2 ReagentWhen testing with sulfuric (H2SO4), hydrochloric (HCl), nitric (HNO3), or acetic acid (CH3COOH), as specifiedby the purchaser, a 1 N acid solution shall be used.NOTE 2These 1 N solutions should contain, respectively, 49, 36.5, 63, and 60 g of the acid pe
