1、Designation: C33/C33M 11aStandard Specification forConcrete Aggregates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C33/C33M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses
2、 indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification defines the requirements for gradingand quality of fine
3、 and coarse aggregate (other than lightweightor heavyweight aggregate) for use in concrete.21.2 This specification is for use by a contractor, concretesupplier, or other purchaser as part of the purchase documentdescribing the material to be furnished.NOTE 1This specification is regarded as adequate
4、 to ensure satisfac-tory materials for most concrete. It is recognized that, for certain work orin certain regions, it may be either more or less restrictive than needed. Forexample, where aesthetics are important, more restrictive limits may beconsidered regarding impurities that would stain the co
5、ncrete surface. Thespecifier should ascertain that aggregates specified are or can be madeavailable in the area of the work, with regard to grading, physical, orchemical properties, or combination thereof.1.3 This specification is also for use in project specificationsto define the quality of aggreg
6、ate, the nominal maximum sizeof the aggregate, and other specific grading requirements.Those responsible for selecting the proportions for the concretemixture shall have the responsibility of determining the pro-portions of fine and coarse aggregate and the addition ofblending aggregate sizes if req
7、uired or approved.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in no
8、n-conformancewith the standard.1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C29/C29M
9、Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)and Voids in AggregateC40 Test Method for Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregatesfor ConcreteC87 Test Method for Effect of Organic Impurities in FineAggregate on Strength of MortarC88 Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use ofSodium Sulfate or Magnesi
10、um SulfateC117 Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-m (No. 200)Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by WashingC123 Test Method for Lightweight Particles in AggregateC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC131 Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate b
11、y Abrasion and Impact in the LosAngeles MachineC136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesC142 Test Method for Clay Lumps and Friable Particles inAggregatesC150 Specification for Portland CementC227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity ofCement-Aggregate Combinations (Mor
12、tar-Bar Method)C289 Test Method for Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity ofAggregates (Chemical Method)C294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con-crete AggregatesC295 Guide for Petrographic Examination of Aggregatesfor ConcreteC311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash orNatural Poz
13、zolans for Use in Portland-Cement ConcreteC330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Struc-tural Concrete1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.20 on Normal Weight Aggregates.Cu
14、rrent edition approved Aug. 1, 2011. Published September 2011. Originallyapproved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C33/C33M11. DOI:10.1520/C0033_C0033M-11a.2For lightweight aggregates, see Specifications C330, C331, and C332; forheavyweight aggregates see Specification C637 and Des
15、criptive NomenclatureC638.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appe
16、ars at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.C331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Con-crete Masonry UnitsC332 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Insulat-ing ConcreteC342 Test M
17、ethod for Potential Volume Change of Cement-Aggregate Combinations4C441 Test Method for Effectiveness of Pozzolans orGround Blast-Furnace Slag in Preventing Excessive Ex-pansion of Concrete Due to the Alkali-Silica ReactionC535 Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Large-Size Coarse Aggregate
18、 by Abrasion and Impact in the LosAngeles MachineC586 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Car-bonate Rocks as Concrete Aggregates (Rock-CylinderMethod)C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in Concret
19、eC637 Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-ShieldingConcreteC638 Descriptive Nomenclature of Constituents of Aggre-gates for Radiation-Shielding ConcreteC666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete toRapid Freezing and ThawingC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concreteand Morta
20、rsC1105 Test Method for Length Change of Concrete Due toAlkali-Carbonate Rock ReactionC1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in CementitiousMixturesC1260 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Ag-gregates (Mortar-Bar Method)C1293 Test Met
21、hod for Determination of Length Change ofConcrete Due to Alkali-Silica ReactionC1567 Test Method for Determining the Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Combinations of Cementitious Mate-rials and Aggregate (Accelerated Mortar-Bar Method)D75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD422 Test Method for Par
22、ticle-Size Analysis of SoilsD2419 Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils andFine AggregateD3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Ma-terialsE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves2.2 Other Standards:AASHTO T 330 Method of Test for the Qualitative Detec-tio
23、n of Harmful Clays of the Smectite Group in Aggre-gates Using Methylene Blue53. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer toTerminology C125.4. Ordering and Specifying Information4.1 The direct purchaser of aggregates shall include theinformation in 4.2 in the purchase ord
24、er as applicable.Aprojectspecifier shall include in the project documents information todescribe the aggregate to be used in the project from theapplicable items in 4.3.4.2 Include in the purchase order for aggregates the follow-ing information, as applicable:4.2.1 Reference to this specification, a
25、s C33_,4.2.2 Whether the order is for fine aggregate or for coarseaggregate,4.2.3 Quantity, in metric tons or tons,4.2.4 When the order is for fine aggregate:4.2.4.1 Whether the restriction on reactive materials in 7.3applies,4.2.4.2 In the case of the sulfate soundness test (see 8.1)which salt is t
26、o be used. If none is stated, either sodium sulfateor magnesium sulfate shall be used,4.2.4.3 The appropriate limit for material finer than 75-m(No. 200) sieve (see Table 1). If not stated, the 3.0 % limit shallapply,4.2.4.4 The appropriate limit for coal and lignite (see Table2). If not stated, the
27、 1.0 % limit shall apply,4.2.5 When the order is for coarse aggregate:4.2.5.1 The grading (size number) (see 10.1 and Table 3), oralternate grading as agreed between the purchaser and aggre-gate supplier.4.2.5.2 The class designation (see 11.1 and Table 4),4.2.5.3 Whether the restriction on reactive
28、 materials in 11.2applies,4.2.5.4 In the case of the sulfate soundness test (see Table4), which salt is to be used. If none is stated, either sodiumsulfate or magnesium sulfate shall be used, and4.2.6 Any exceptions or additions to this specification (seeNote 1).4.3 Include in project specifications
29、 for aggregates thefollowing information, as applicable:4.3.1 Reference to this specification, as C33_.4.3.2 When the aggregate being described is fine aggregate:4Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.5AASHTO Standard Specifications, Part 2B: T
30、ests. Available from AmericanAssociation of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N.Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001, http:/www.transportation.org.TABLE 1 Grading Requirements for Fine AggregateSieve (Specification E11) Percent Passing9.5-mm (38-in.) 1004.75-mm (No
31、. 4) 95 to 1002.36-mm (No. 8) 80 to 1001.18-mm (No. 16) 50 to 85600-m (No. 30) 25 to 60300-m (No. 50) 5 to 30150-m (No. 100) 0 to 1075-m (No. 200) 0 to 3.0A,BAFor concrete not subject to abrasion, the limit for material finer than the 75-m(No. 200) sieve shall be 5.0 % maximum.BFor manufactured fine
32、 aggregate, if the material finer than the 75-m (No. 200)sieve consists of dust of fracture, essentially free of clay or shale, this limit shall be5.0 % maximum for concrete subject to abrasion, and 7.0 % maximum for concretenot subject to abrasion.C33/C33M 11a24.3.2.1 Whether the restriction on rea
33、ctive materials in 7.3applies,4.3.2.2 In the case of the sulfate soundness test (see 8.1)which salt is to be used. If none is stated, either sodium sulfateor magnesium sulfate shall be used.4.3.2.3 The appropriate limit for material finer than the75-m (No. 200) sieve (see Table 1). If not stated, th
34、e 3.0 %limit shall apply, and4.3.2.4 The limit that applies with regard to coal and lignite(Table 2). If not stated, the 1.0 % limit shall apply.4.3.3 When the aggregate being described is coarse aggre-gate, include:4.3.3.1 The nominal maximum size or sizes permitted,based on thickness of section or
35、 spacing of reinforcing bars orother criteria. In lieu of stating the nominal maximum size, thespecifier shall designate an appropriate size number or numbers(see 10.1 and Table 3). Designation of a size number to indicatea nominal size shall not restrict the person responsible forselecting proporti
36、ons from combining two or more gradings ofaggregate to obtain a desired grading, provided that thegradings are not otherwise restricted by the project specifierand the nominal maximum size indicated by the size number isnot exceeded,4.3.3.2 The class designation (see 11.1 and Table 4),4.3.3.3 Whethe
37、r the restriction on reactive materials in 11.2applies,4.3.3.4 In the case of the sulfate soundness test (see Table4), which salt is to be used. If none is stated, either sodiumsulfate or magnesium sulfate shall be used, and4.3.4 The person responsible for selecting the concreteproportions if other
38、than the concrete producer.4.3.5 Any exceptions or additions to this specification (seeNote 1).FINE AGGREGATE5. General Characteristics5.1 Fine aggregate shall consist of natural sand, manufac-tured sand, or a combination thereof.6. Grading6.1 Sieve AnalysisFine aggregate, except as provided in6.2 a
39、nd 6.3 shall be graded within the limits in Table 1.NOTE 2Concrete with fine aggregate gradings near the minimums forpercent passing the 300 m (No.50) and 150 m (No.100) sometimes havedifficulties with workability, pumping or excessive bleeding. The additionof entrained air, additional cement, or th
40、e addition of an approved mineraladmixture to supply the deficient fines, are methods used to alleviate suchdifficulties.6.2 The fine aggregate shall have not more than 45 %passing any sieve and retained on the next consecutive sieve ofthose shown in 6.1, and its fineness modulus shall be not lessth
41、an 2.3 nor more than 3.1.6.3 Fine aggregate failing to meet these grading require-ments shall meet the requirements of this section provided thatthe supplier can demonstrate to the purchaser or specifier thatconcrete of the class specified, made with fine aggregate underconsideration, will have rele
42、vant properties (see Note 5)atleast equal to those of concrete made with the same ingredi-ents, with the exception that the reference fine aggregate shallbe selected from a source having an acceptable performancerecord in similar concrete construction.NOTE 3Manufactured fine aggregate having elevate
43、d proportions ofmaterial passing the 75-m (No. 200) sieve may need further evaluation toensure that material passing the 75-m (No. 200) sieve is essentiallycomposed of dust of fracture derived from the parent rock in the crushingoperation, and does not contain an appreciable level of clay minerals o
44、rother deleterious constituents as described in Descriptive NomenclatureC294. Because some of the dust of fracture may occur in the clay sizerange, defined here as material finer than 2 m, care must be taken toproperly differentiate these clay-sized materials from clay minerals.Natural fine aggregat
45、e with elevated proportions of material passing the75-m (No. 200) sieve may have higher potential for clay mineral content.Various means are available for characterizing these fines, such aspetrographic analysis (Guide C295), sand equivalent determination (TestMethod D2419), hydrometer analysis (Tes
46、t Method D422), methyleneblue adsorption determination (AASHTO T 330) and X-ray diffractionanalysis. While these techniques are useful for investigative purposes, nospecific limits have been established for prediction of performance ofthese materials in concrete under various intended service condit
47、ions.Methylene blue adsorption and hydrometer analyses are believed to betwo relatively quick and reliable tests for characterization of materialpassing the 75-m (No. 200) sieve to determine suitability for use inconcrete. Research (6,7) has indicated that manufactured fine aggregatewith less than 4
48、 % by mass finer than 2 m, and with methylene blueadsorption values less than 5 mg/g generally is suitable for use in concrete.Fine aggregate that exceeds these values also may be suitable for useprovided that fresh and hardened concrete properties are shown to beacceptable.NOTE 4Fine aggregate that
49、 conforms to the grading requirements ofa specification, prepared by another organization such as a state transpor-tation agency, which is in general use in the area, should be considered ashaving a satisfactory service record with regard to those concreteproperties affected by grading.NOTE 5Relevant properties are those properties of the concrete thatare important to the particular application being considered. STP 169D6provides a discussion of important concrete properties.6.4 For continuing shipments of fine aggregate from a givensource, the fineness
