1、Designation: C34 12C34 13Standard Specification forStructural Clay Load-Bearing Wall Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C34; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers structural clay loading-bearinglo
3、ad-bearing wall tile.1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of tile extractedfrom masonry structures for determining conformance or non-conformance to the property requirements (Section 45) of thisstandard is beyond the scop
4、e of this specification.1.3 Tile covered by this specification are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjectedto a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulateconstituents to
5、 provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired bond in TerminologyC1232.)1.4 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
6、 considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standar
7、ds:2C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay TileC216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale)C1232 Terminology of Masonry3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions relating to structural clay load-bearing wall tile, refer to Terminolo
8、gy C1232.4. Classification4.1 Two grades of tile are covered, as follows:4.1.1 Grade LBXSuitable for general use in masonry construction and adapted for use in masonry exposed to weathering,provided they meet the durability requirements for Grade SW of Specification C216.4.1.2 Grade LBSuitable for g
9、eneral use in masonry where not exposed to frost action, or for use in exposed masonry whereprotected with a facing of 3 in. (76.2 mm) or more of stone, brick, terra cotta, or other masonry.4.1.3 If tile having a particular color, texture, or finish are desired, these features shall be specified sep
10、arately by the purchaser.NOTE 1Color of tile varies with the type of clay used and degree of firing; hence, it cannot be taken as indicative of classification until after it hasbeen related to absorption and strength by actual tests.5. Physical Properties5.1 Structural clay load-bearing wall tile Ti
11、le shall conform to the physical properties for the grade specified as prescribed inTable 1.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 on Brickand Structural Clay Tile.Current edition appr
12、oved Dec. 1, 2012Dec. 1, 2013. Published January 2013December 2013. Originally approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 20102012as C34 10.C34 12. DOI: 10.1520/C0034-12.10.1520/C0034-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at
13、serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous versi
14、on. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes secti
15、on appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2 Tile of Grade LBX shall be accepted under all conditions instead of Grade LB.5.3 End-construction tile are tile designed to be placed in the wal
16、l with axes of the cells vertical. Side-construction tile are tiledesigned to be placed in the wall with the axes of the cells horizontal. Where end-construction tile are used on the side they shallconform to the requirements of side-construction tile and vice versa.5.4 Bonding tile shall be so desi
17、gned as to provide recesses for header brick courses when laid up in brick-faced walls.6. Dimensions and Permissible Variations6.1 No overall dimension shall vary more than 3 % over or under the specified dimension for any form or size of tile.NOTE 2Purchasers and designers should ascertain the type
18、 and size of tile, modular or nonmodular, available in the locality under consideration andshould specify accordingly, stating the size and type represented by the available tile.Modular sizes are designated by the specified nominal dimensions which are equal to the actual manufactured dimensions pl
19、us the thickness of onemortar joint, not to exceed 12 in. (12.7 mm). For example, if the modular, specified, or nominal dimensions of a unit are 4 by 8 by 12 in. (101.6 by 203.2by 304.8 mm) the actual manufactured dimensions may be 312 by 712 by 1112 in. (88.9 by 190.5 by 292.1 mm).7. Finish and App
20、earance7.1 All tile shall be reasonably free of laminations and of cracks, blisters, surface roughness, and other defects that interfere withthe proper setting of the tile or impair the strength or permanence of the construction.7.2 The finish of the outer face or faces of tile shall be plaster-base
21、 finish or exposed wall finish as specified in the invitationfor bids.7.3 Surfaces of tile for plaster-base finish shall be smooth, scored, combed, or roughened. When smooth, the tile shall be freeof glaze and the absorption shall be not less than 5 % nor more than 25 %. When scored, each groove sha
22、ll be not less than 116in. (1.6 mm) nor more than 14 in. (6.4 mm) in depth, and not more than 1 in. (25.4 mm) in width. The area covered by the groovesshall not exceed 50 % of the area of the scored faces. When combed, the tile shall be scratched or scarified, prior to firing, bymechanical means whi
23、ch shall make scratches or scarifications on the surface of the tile not less than 116 in., nor more than 18 in.(3.2 mm) in depth, and not more than 14 in. apart. When roughened, the die skin on the face of the tile shall be entirely brokenby mechanical means, such as wire cutting or wire brushing.
24、(The die skin is visible within the cells of the tile.)7.4 Surfaces of tile with exposed finish shall be smooth, combed, or roughened. Combed or roughened tile surfaces shallconform to the requirements for these finishes given in 6.37.3.8. Number of Cells8.1 Load-bearing tileTile shall conform to th
25、e following requirements for minimum number of cells (see Note 3) in the directionof wall thickness (see Note 4 for approximate weights of tile):Nominal Horizontal Minimum Number ofThickness of CellsA in Direction ofTile as Laid in Wall, in. (mm) Wall Thickness4 (101.6) 16 (152.4) 18 (203.2) 210 (25
26、4.0) 212 (304.8) 3ACells are hollow spaces enclosed within the perimeter of the exterior shells, and having a minimum dimension of not less than 12 in. (12.7 mm) and a cross-sectionalarea of not less than 1 in.2 (6.5 cm2).TABLE 1 Physical PropertiesGradeMaximum WaterAbsorptionA by 1-h Boiling, %Mini
27、mum Compressive Strength (Based on Gross Area),B psi (MPa)End Construction Tile Side Construction TileAverage ofFive Tests IndividualAverage ofFive Tests IndividualAverage ofFive Tests IndividualLBX 16 19 1400 (9.6) 1000 (6.8) 700 (4.8) 500 (3.4)LB 25 28 1000 (6.8) 700 (4.8) 700 (4.8) 500 (3.4)A The
28、 range in percentage absorption for tile delivered to any one job shall be not more than 12.B Gross area of a unit shall be determined by multiplying the horizontal face dimension of the unit as placed in the wall, by its thickness.C34 132NOTE 3Fire-resistance regulations of governing codes should b
29、e checked as to type of tile required.NOTE 4The following average masses of structural clay load-bearing wall tile are given only as information:Nominal HorizontalThickness of Tile asLaid in Wall, in. (mm)Average mass, lb/ft2(kg/m 2) of tileA4 (101.6) 20 (97.6)6 (152.4) 30 (146.4)8 (203.2) 36 (175.7
30、)10 (254.0) 42 (205.0)12 (304.8) 52 (253.8)AThe masses given in the above table are for scored tile. If any of the faces are not scored the weights are increased 1 lb/ft2 of unscored area.8.2 In double-shell tile, the two voids between exterior and interior shells on the sides of the tile shall be c
31、onsidered as one cellin thickness of wall when their combined width is not less than 12 in. (12.7 mm) provided the short webs between the inner andouter shells are not greater in number of thickness than the long transverse webs holding the inner shells.8.3 Re-entrant spaces not less than 1 in. (25.
32、4 mm) in depth and not less than 1 in.2 (6.5 cm2) in area, which form cells whenthe units are laid in the walls, shall be considered as cells in the direction of wall thickness, but not in the units.9. Shell and Web Thickness9.1 The average overall thickness of the shells, measured between the inner
33、 and extreme outer surfaces of end-constructionload-bearing tile, shall be not less than 34 in. (19 mm) except that in double-shell tile the combined average over-all thickness ofthe inner and outer shell shall be not less than 34 in. The thickness of the webs shall be not less than 12 in. (12.7 mm)
34、.9.2 The average overall thickness of the shells, measured between the inner and extreme outer surfaces of side-constructionload-bearing tile, shall be not less than 58 in. (15.8 mm) except that in double-shell tile the combined average over-all thicknessof the inner and outer shells shall be not le
35、ss than 34 in. (19 mm). The thickness of the webs shall be not less than 12 in. (12.7mm).9.3 The width of any cell in side-construction tile, measured in the direction of wall thickness, shall not exceed four and onehalf times the average overall thickness of either the upper or lower bearing shell.
36、 If no cell in side-construction tile, measured inthe direction of the wall thickness, exceeds four times the average overall thickness of either the upper or lower bearing shell, therequirements for minimum shell and web thickness specified in 8.29.2 shall be waived.9.4 The thickness of bonding and
37、 other types of tile manufactured for use in combination with brick or other materials shallmatch the thickness required by construction requirements.10. Sampling and Testing10.1 The purchaser or his authorized representative shall be accorded proper facilities for sampling and inspection of units b
38、othat the place of manufacture and at the site of the work. At least 10 days from the time of sampling is allowed for completion ofthe tests.10.2 Tile shall be sampled and tested in accordance with Test Methods C67.NOTE 5Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the cost of tests is typicall
39、y borne as follows: If the results of the tests show that the tiledo not conform to the requirements of this specification, the cost is typically borne by the seller. If the results of the test show that the tile do conformto the requirements of this specification, the cost is typically borne by the
40、 purchaser.11. Rejection11.1 In case the shipment fails to conform to the requirements for the grade specified, the manufacturer is permitted to sort it.New specimens shall be selected by the purchaser from the retained lot and tested at the expense of the manufacturer. In case thesecond set of spec
41、imens fails to meet the requirements, the entire lot shall be rejected.12. Keywords12.1 clay; load-bearing tile; masonry; physical properties; shale; structural wall tile; tileC34 133SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
42、 (C34 12)that may impact the use of this standard. (December 1, 2013)(1) Added Terminology section (Section 3) and renumbered subsequent sections.(2) Revised subsections 5.1, 8.1, 9.1, and 9.2 to consistently use the word “tile” without unnecessary modifiers.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C15 has ident
43、ified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (C34 10)that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Dec. 1, 2012.)(1) Selected sections within the standard were reorganized using the ASTM Form and Style manual as a guide.ASTM International takes no position respe
44、cting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This st
45、andard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Internati
46、onal Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below
47、.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C34 134
