1、Designation: C412 11Standard Specification forConcrete Drain Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C412; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicate
2、s the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers concrete drain tile with inter-nal diameters from 4 to 36
3、in. that are intended to be used forsurface and subsurface drainage.1.2 Acomplete metric companion to Specification C412 hasbeen developedC412M; therefore, no metric equivalents arepresented in this specification.NOTE 1This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specifica-tion only and does n
4、ot include requirements for bedding, backfill, or therelationship between field load condition and the strength classification ofdrain tile. However, experience has shown that the successful performanceof the product depends upon the proper selection of the class of drain tile,type of bedding and ba
5、ckfill, and care that the installation conforms to theconstruction specifications. The owner is cautioned that he must correlatethe field requirements with the class of drain tile specified and provide foror require inspection at the construction site.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 S
6、pecification for Concrete AggregatesC150 Specification for Portland CementC497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, orTileC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating
7、to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concreteand MortarsC1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete andShotcrete3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to con-crete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Classification4.1 Drain tile ma
8、nufactured according to this specificationshall be of the following four classes:4.1.1 Standard-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, intended forland drainage of ordinary soils where the tile are laid intrenches of moderate depths and widths. Standard-Qualityconcrete drain tile are not recommended for use w
9、here internaldiameters in excess of 12 in. are required.4.1.2 Extra-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, intended for landdrainage of ordinary soils where the tile are laid in trenches ofconsiderable depths or widths, or both.4.1.3 Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, in-tended for land drainage of
10、 ordinary soils where the tile are laidin trenches of large depths or widths, or both.4.1.4 Special-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, intended for landdrainage where special precautions are necessary for concretetile laid in soils that are markedly acid or contain unusualquantities of sulfates (see Secti
11、on 7), and where the tile are laidin trenches of considerable depths or widths, or both.4.1.4.1 Where the calculated loads are in excess of thecrushing strengths prescribed in the physical requirements forextra-quality and special-quality concrete drain tile, tilestrengths must be specified in advan
12、ce by the owner.5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 The acceptability of drain tile shall be determined by (1)the results of the physical tests as specified in Section 8, and inTest Methods C497,(2) measurements and inspection toascertain whether the tile conform to the requirements regard-ing dimensions, sha
13、pe, and freedom from visible defects, and(3) the manufacturers certification in writing that the tile havebeen made in accordance with any special provisions, such asstrength, absorption, permeability, type of cement, admixture,curing conditions, etc.5.2 The owner shall specify in writing the class
14、or classes ofconcrete tile to be supplied, whether Standard-Quality, Extra-Quality, Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality, or Special-Quality. Unless1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 onNon-Reinforced Concret
15、e Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published October 2011. Originallyapproved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C412 05a. DOI:10.1520/C0412-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Servic
16、e at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Extra-Quality, Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality, or Sp
17、ecial-Qualityconcrete drain tile have been specified, Standard-Quality draintile shall be accepted.6. Materials6.1 ConcreteThe concrete shall consist of cementitiousmaterials, mineral aggregates, and water.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirementsfor portland ce
18、ment of Specification C150, or shall be portlandblast-furnace slag cement, slag-modified portland cement, orportland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements ofSpecification C595. except that the pozzolan constituent in theType IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash
19、shall conform to the requirements ofClass F or Class C of Specification C618.6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS)GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120of Specification C989.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materi
20、als used in the concreteshall be one of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.3 Slag modified portland cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement and fly ash,6.2.4.6 A combination of portland c
21、ement and groundgranulated blast-furnace slag, or6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement, fly ash (not toexceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight) and groundgranulated blast furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the totalcementitious weight).6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to Specification
22、C33, except that the requirements for gradation shall not apply.6.4 Admixtures and BlendsOwner is not prohibited fromobtaining the record of mix design used.6.5 Synthetic FibersAt the manufacturers option, col-lated fibrillated virgin polypropylene fibers are not prohibitedfrom being used as a nonst
23、ructural manufacturing material.Only Type III synthetic fibers designed and manufacturedspecifically for use in concrete and conforming to the require-ments of Specification C1116 shall be used.7. Chemical Requirements7.1 Acid and Sulfate Resistance:7.1.1 The owner is not prohibited from specifying
24、specialrequirements in order to increase the durability of the drain tilein cases where the soils, soil waters, or drainage waters aremarkedly acid or contain moderate or severe quantities of soilsulfates. Without a specific agreement in advance, no drain tileshall be rejected by reason of its compo
25、sition as determinedlater by chemical analyses.7.1.1.1 Soils or drainage waters with a pH of 6.0 or lowershall be considered to be markedly acid.7.1.1.2 Where the sulfates are chiefly sodium or magne-sium, singly or in combination, from 400 to 2000 ppm in thesoil or drainage water, samples shall be
26、considered to constitutemoderate sulfate quantities, while in excess of 2000 ppm shallbe considered to be severe sulfate quantities.7.1.2 Concrete drain tile that will be installed in markedlyacid soils shall meet the physical requirements given in thetable for Special-Quality concrete drain tile.7.
27、1.3 Tile that will be exposed to moderate or severe sulfatequantities (Note 2) if if required by the owner, shall bespecified to meet the physical requirements for Special-Qualityconcrete drain tile (8.3.4). Tile that will be exposed to moderatesulfate quantities (Note 2), if required by the owner,
28、shall bespecified to be made with Portland Cement (C150) containingnot more than 8 % tricalcium aluminate (C3A). Tile that will beexposed to severe sulfate quantities (Note 2), if required by theowner, shall be specified to be made with Portland Cement(C150) containing not more than 5 % C3A. If mutu
29、ally agreedupon between the manufacturer and owner, other cements, asdescribed in Section 6, that have been proven to be adequatelysulfate resistant shall be used.8. Physical Requirements8.1 Test SpecimensThe drain tile to be tested shall beselected at random by the owner at the point or points spec
30、ifiedin the order. If agreeable to the owner, the tile shall beinspected and tested in advance of shipment. Any additionalexpense for making tests and inspection in advance of ship-ment shall be paid by the manufacturer.8.2 Standard SampleEach standard physical test shall bemade on five individual t
31、ile of each size ranging from 4-in.through 12-in. diameters; two individual tiles of each sizeranging from 14-in. through 24-in. diameters; or on one tile ofeach size exceeding 24 in. in diameter. The manufacturer shallfurnish tile without separate charge up to 0.5 % of each size ofthe order. The ow
32、ner shall pay for all the tile in excess of 0.5 %of each size of the order at the same price as paid for other tileof the same size and quality.8.3 External Load Crushing Strength Test Requirements:8.3.1 For Standard-Quality concrete drain tile, the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet th
33、e requirementsgiven in Table 1, Column A, where no absorption test isrequired, or the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shallmeet the requirements given in Table 1, Column B, where anabsorption test is required of the limits noted in Table 1.8.3.2 For Extra-Quality concrete drain tile, the three-
34、edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the requirements given inTable 2, Column A, where no absorption test is required, or thethree-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the require-ments given in Table 2, Column B, where an absorption test isrequired of the limits noted in Table 2.8.3.3 For
35、 Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality concrete drain tile, thethree-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the require-ments given in Table 3.8.3.4 For Special-Quality concrete drain tile, the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the requirements given inTable 4, or the higher specified load.NOTE
36、2To meet the crushing strength requirements shown in thetables, it is not prohibited to supply tile designed with increased wallthickness, high compressive strength concrete, or reinforcing, or acombination.C412 1128.4 Absorption Tests:NOTE 3Method A absorption test is recommended for drain tilehavi
37、ng diameters of 12 in. or less. When Method B absorption test is used,the absorption requirements shall be 0.5 % less than the Method Aabsorption requirements, as shown in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3,orTable4. Method B absorption procedure is described in Test Methods C497.8.4.1 For Standard-Quality c
38、oncrete drain tile, the MethodA absorption test shall meet the requirements given in Table 1.No absorption tests are required if the strength requirements ofTable 1, Column A, are met.8.4.2 For Extra-Quality concrete drain tile, the Method Aabsorption test shall meet the requirements given in Table
39、2.No absorption tests are required if the strength requirements ofTable 2, Column A, are met.8.4.3 For Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality concrete drain tile, theMethod A absorption test shall meet the requirements given inTable 3.8.4.4 For Special-Quality concrete drain tile the Method Aabsorption test shall
40、 meet the requirements given in Table 4.8.4.5 Specimens for the Method A absorption tests shall beselected in accordance with the following provisions:8.4.5.1 For the tile with inside diameters of 12 in. or less,and lengths of 12 in., the absorption test shall be made on onefull-length quarter segme
41、nt taken from each of the five tileTABLE 1 Physical Test Requirements for Standard-Quality Concrete Drain TileInternalDesignatedDiameter, in.Standard-Quality Concrete Drain TileMaximum WallThickness forIndicatedStrength,Ain.Three-Edge Bearing Crushing StrengthBMethod A AbsorptionMinimum Average,lbf/
42、linear ftMinimum Average,lbf/linear ftMinimum forIndividual Tile,lbf/linear ftMaximumAverage, %Maximum forIndividual Tile,%AB4 . . 800 700 10 115916 900 800 700 10 11558 1000 800 700 10 11658 900 800 700 10 11634 1000 800 700 10 11834 900 800 700 10 11878 1000 800 700 10 111078 900 800 700 10 1110 1
43、 1000 800 700 10 1112 1 900 800 700 10 1112C118 1000 800 700 10 11AMaximum wall thickness for the indicated minimum average crushing strength, Column A, when no absorption test is required.BDrain tile meeting the above strength requirements are not necessarily safe against cracking in deep and wide
44、trenches.CTile with diameters greater than 12 in., shall meet the requirements specified in Table 2 for Extra-Quality, Table 3 for Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality, or Table 4 forSpecial-Quality concrete drain tile.TABLE 2 Physical Test Requirements for Extra-Quality Concrete Drain TileInternalDesignatedDia
45、meter, in.Extra-Quality Concrete Drain TileWallThickness, in.Maximum WallThickness forIndicatedStrength,Ain.Three-Edge-Bearing Crushing StrengthBMethod A AbsorptionMinimum Average,lbf/linear ftMinimum Average,lbf/linear ftMinimum forIndividual Tile,lbf/linear ftMaximumAverage, %Maximum forIndividual
46、 Tile,%AB412 . . 1100 990 9 105916916 1200 1100 990 9 10591658 1300 1100 990 9 1065858 1200 1100 990 9 1065834 1300 1100 990 9 1083434 1200 1100 990 9 1083478 1300 1100 990 9 101078 . . 1100 990 9 1012 1 . . 1100 990 9 1014 118 . . 1100 990 9 1015 114 . . 1100 990 9 1016 138 . . 1100 990 9 1018 112
47、. . 1200 1080 9 1020 158 . . 1330 1200 9 1022 134 . . 1460 1320 9 1024 2 . . 1600 1440 9 1026 218 . . 1730 1560 9 1028 238 . . 1870 1680 9 1030 212 . . 2000 1800 9 1032 258 . . 2130 1920 9 1034 278 . . 2270 2040 9 1036 3 . . 2400 2160 9 10AMaximum wall thickness for the indicated minimum average cru
48、shing strength, Column A, when no absorption test is required.BFor crushing strengths greater than or equal to those shown in the above table, it is not prohibited to supply tile designed with increased wall thickness, higher strengthconcrete, or reinforcing.C412 113broken in the strength test, cons
49、tituting a standard sample asdefined in 8.2. By quarter segment is meant one of the fourpieces into which a tile usually breaks in the strength test. If atile breaks in such a manner that a satisfactory quarter segmentcannot be obtained, then the absorption test shall be made oftwo or more pieces that approximate the area of a quarter tileof that size selected so that both ends and the center portion ofthe tile are represented. The average absorption of the pieces soselected shall be considered the absorption for that tile.8.4.5.2
