1、Designation: C 413 01 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Test Method forAbsorption of Chemical-Resistant Mortars, Grouts,Monolithic Surfacings, and Polymer Concretes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 413; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt
2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.
3、Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the absorp-tion of chemical-resistant mortars, grouts, monolithic surfac-ings, and polymer concretes. These materials may be based onresin, silicate, silica, or sulfur binders.1.2 Mold Method A is used for systems containing aggre-gates less than
4、 0.0625 in. (1.6 mm) in size. Mold Method B isused for systems containing aggregates from 0.0625 to 0.4 in.(1.6 to 10 mm) in size. Mold Method C is used for systemscontaining aggregates larger than 0.4 in.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. Within this text,
5、the SI units shown inparentheses are given for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the appli
6、ca-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 470/C 470M Specification for Molds for Forming Con-crete Test Cylinders VerticallyC 904 Terminology Relating to Chemical-Resistant Non-metallic Materials3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms
7、 used in this testmethod, see Terminology C 904.4. Significance and Use4.1 The results obtained by this test method should serve asa guide in, but not as the sole basis for, selection of achemical-resistant material for a particular application. Noattempt has been made to incorporate in the test met
8、hod all thevarious factors which may affect the performance of a materialwhen subjected to actual service.4.2 This is not a test for permeability and the test results arenot to be interpreted as a measurement of, or indication of, thepermeability properties of the materials tested.5. Apparatus5.1 Eq
9、uipment, capable of weighing materials or specimensand for determining specific gravity to 60.03 % accuracy.5.2 Equipment for Mixing, consisting of a flat-bottom con-tainer of suitable size, preferably corrosion-resistant, and atrowel havinga4to5in.(100 to 125 mm) blade, and a spatulaor a rounded-en
10、d rod.5.3 Container, a glass flask of suitable size to hold thespecimens and the water and connected reflux condenser.5.4 Equipment for Heating, a hot plate or heating mantle.5.5 Specimen Molds:5.5.1 Mold Method AThese molds shall be right cylinders1 6132 in. (25 6 0.8 mm) in diameter by 1 6132 in.
11、(25 60.8 mm) high. The molds may be constructed in any mannerthat will allow formation of a test specimen of the desired size.Typical molds may consist of a 1 in. thick flat plastic sheet inwhich 1 in. diameter, smooth-sided holes have been cut, and tothe bottom of which a14 in. (6 mm) thick flat pl
12、astic sheet(without matching holes), is attached by means of screws orbolts. Alternatively, the molds may consist of sections of roundplastic tubing or pipe, 1 in. in inside diameter and 1 in. long,having sufficient wall thickness to be rigid and retain dimen-sional stability during the molding oper
13、ation, and a14 in. thickflat plastic sheet on which one open end of each section can berested. With the latter style of mold, the tubing segment may besealed with a material such as caulking compound or stopcockgrease. For most types of specimens it is satisfactory to simplyseal one end of the tubin
14、g segment with strips of 2 in. widemasking tape.NOTE 1For use with sulfur materials, an additional piece of flatplastic sheet at least18 in. (3 mm) thick containing a14 in. (6 mm) holeand a section of plastic tubing 1 in. (25 mm) in diameter by 1 in. high arerequired. They are used to form a pouring
15、 gate and reservoir in thepreparation of sulfur material specimens.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C03 onChemical-Resistant Nonmetallic Materials and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee C03.01 on Mortars and Carbon Brick.Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2006.
16、Published October 2006. Originallyapproved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C 413 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards
17、 Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.5.2 Mold Method BMolds for the 2 in. (50 mm) cubespecimens shall be tight fitting and leakproof. The parts of themolds, when assembled, shall
18、 be positively held together. Themolds shall be made of metal not attacked by the material. Thesides of the molds shall be sufficiently rigid to preventspreading or warping. The interior faces of the molds shall bemanufactured to ensure plane surfaces with a permissiblevariation of 0.002 in. (0.05 m
19、m). The distances betweenopposite faces shall be 2 6116 in. (50 6 0.8 mm). The heightof the molds, measured separately for each cube compartment,shall be 2 6116 in. The angle between adjacent interior facesand top and bottom planes of the mold shall be 90 6 0.5measured at points slightly removed fro
20、m the intersection ofthe faces.5.5.3 Mold Method CMolds shall be right cylinders madeof heavy gage metal or other nonabsorbent material. Thecylinder diameter shall be at least four times the nominalmaximum aggregate size in the mix. The minimum cylinderdiameter shall be 2 in. (50 mm). The cylinder h
21、eight shall betwo times the diameter. The plane of the rim of the mold shallbe at right angles to the axis within 0.5. The mold shall be atright angles to the axis within 0.5. The mold shall not varyfrom the prescribed diameter by more than116 in. (1.5 mm) norfrom the prescribed height by more than1
22、8 in. (3 mm). Moldsshall be provided with a flat base plate with a means forsecuring it to the mold at a right angle to the axis of thecylinder in the instance of reusable metal molds. Single-usemolds shall conform to Specification C 470.NOTE 2The material from which the mold is constructed must bec
23、orrosion resistant and have antistick properties. Polyethylene, polypro-pylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and metal forms having either a sinteredcoating of tetrafluoroethylene or a suitable release agent compatible withthe material being tested are satisfactory. Because of their superior heatresista
24、nce, only trifluorochloroethylene and tetrafluoroethylene mold re-lease agents should be used with sulfur materials.6. Temperature6.1 The temperature in the vicinity of the mixing operationshall be 73 6 4F (23 6 2C).7. Test Specimens7.1 Number of SpecimensAt least six specimens shall beprepared.7.2
25、Preparation of Specimens:7.2.1 Resin, Silicate, and Silica MaterialsMix a sufficientamount of the components in the proportions and in the mannerspecified by the manufacturer of the materials. Fill the moldsone-half full. Remove any entrapped air by using a cutting andstabbing motion with a spatula
26、or rounded-end rod. Fill theremainder of the mold, working down into the previouslyplaced portion. Upon completion of the filling operation, thetops of the specimens should extend slightly above the tops ofthe molds. When the molds have been filled, strike off theexcess material, even with the top o
27、f the mold. Permit thematerial to remain in the mold until it has set sufficiently toallow removal without danger of deformation or breakage.7.2.2 Silicate MaterialsSome silicates may require cov-ering during the curing period. After removal from the molds,acid-treat the specimens, if required, in a
28、ccordance with therecommendations given by the manufacturer. No other treat-ment shall be permitted. Record the method of treatment in thereport section under Conditioning Procedure.7.2.3 Sulfur Materials:7.2.3.1 Sulfur MortarsSlowly melt a minimum of 2 lb(900 g) of the material in a suitable contai
29、ner at a temperatureof 265 to 290F (130 to 145C) with constant agitation. Stir tolift and blend the aggregate without beating air into the melt.Place the piece of plastic sheet containing the14 in. (6 mm)round hole over the open face of the mold with the holecentered on the face. On top of the piece
30、 of plastic sheet andsurrounding the hole, place a section of plastic tubing or pipe1 in. (25 mm) in diameter by 1 in. (25 mm) high. Pour themelted material through the hole into the mold and continue topour until the section of tubing or pipe is completely filled. Theexcess material contained in th
31、e hole in the plastic sheet acts asa reservoir to compensate for shrinkage of the material duringcooling.7.2.3.2 Allow the specimen to remain in the mold until ithas completely solidified. Upon removal, file, grind, or sandthe surface flush, removing the excess material remaining atthe pouring gate.
32、7.2.3.3 Sulfur ConcreteHeat and mix a sufficient amountof aggregate components and sulfur cement in the proportionsand in the manner specified by the manufacturer to a tempera-ture of 265 to 290F (130 to 145C). Fill the molds one-halffull. Rod 25 times using a rounded58 in. (15 mm) diameter rod.Dist
33、ribute the strokes uniformly over the cross section of themold. Repeat with two additional portions allowing the rod topenetrate about12 in. (12 mm) into the underlying layer. Afterconsolidation, the tops of the specimens should extend slightlyabove the tops of the molds. Finish the top surface by s
34、trikingoff the excess material even with the top of the mold. Permitthe material to remain in the mold until it has cooled suffi-ciently to allow removal without danger of deformation orbreakage.NOTE 3Use of vibrators is generally not required for sulfur concretebut may be required for other materia
35、ls using Mold Method C. The typeand method of vibrating will be as recommended by the manufacturer andshall be specified in the test report.7.3 Conditioning Test Specimens:7.3.1 Resin and Silica MaterialsAge the specimens in airat 73 6 4F (23 6 2C), for a period of seven days includingthe time in th
36、e mold before testing. Use longer cure times ifrecommended by the manufacturer.7.3.2 Silicate MaterialsFollow the same procedure asgiven in 7.3.1, the only exception being that the relativehumidity of the surrounding air must be kept below 80 %.7.3.3 Sulfur MaterialsThe standard conditioning time fo
37、rthe specimen, in air at 73 6 4F, is to be 24 h, including thetime in the mold. If conditioning time is more or less than24 h, report the actual time conditioned, including the time inthe mold.8. Procedure8.1 After the conditioning period, weigh the specimens tothe nearest 1 mg (see D in 9.1.)C 413
38、01 (2006)28.2 Place the weighed specimens in the flask (Note 4), andadd water (for resin and sulfur materials) or xylene (for silicateor silica materials) until the specimens are completely covered.Install the water-cooled condenser, and heat the flask by meansof a hot plate or heating mantle.NOTE 4
39、The flask shall have a wire screen or glass beads on thebottom to prevent the specimens from coming in contact with the heatedbottom of the flask.8.3 Boil the liquid for 2 h.NOTE 5For sulfur materials, the temperature shall be held at 190F(88C) instead of boiling.8.4 After the heating period, cool t
40、he flask to room tem-perature, 73 6 4F (23 6 2C). The cooling may be acceler-ated by running cold water over the outside of the flask whileswirling the flask.8.5 After cooling the flask, remove and blot each specimenwith a damp cotton cloth to remove all liquid droplets from thesurface, and determin
41、e the saturated weight, W, to the nearest1 mg. Excessive blotting will introduce error by withdrawingliquid from the pores of the specimen.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the absorption, in weight % as follows:A 5 W 2 D!/D 3 100where:A = absorption, %,W = saturated weight of specimen, g (see 8.5), andD
42、= weight of specimens after conditioning, g (see 8.1).10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Complete material identification, date,10.1.2 Mixing ratio,10.1.3 Conditioning Procedure, including whether silicateor silica materials were acid treated, and how,10.1.4 Whether water or xyle
43、ne was used,10.1.5 Individual and average values for the specimens aspercentage of absorption, and10.1.6 Conditioning time.10.2 Report the average values for the six specimens aspercentage of absorption.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Precision and bias for this test method have not beenestablished.11.2
44、Test specimens that are manifestly faulty should berejected and not considered in determining the percentage ofabsorption.11.3 If any absorption value differs from the mean by morethan 15 %, the farthest value from the mean shall be rejectedand the mean recalculated. Repeat the process until all of
45、thetest values are within 15 % of the mean. If less than two thirdsof the values remain, the test will be rerun.12. Keywords12.1 absorption; chemical-resistant grouts; chemical-resistant monolithic surfacings; chemical-resistant mortars;polymer concretes; porosityASTM International takes no position
46、 respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.T
47、his standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM In
48、ternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address show
49、n below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 413 01 (2006)3
