1、Designation: C443 11 C443 12Standard Specification forJoints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using RubberGaskets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C443; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers flexible wa
3、tertight joints for concrete pipe and precast manhole sections, using rubber gaskets forsealing the joints, where infiltration or exfiltration is a factor in the design. The specification covers the design of joints and therequirements for rubber gaskets to be used therewith, for pipe conforming in
4、all other respects to Specification C14, SpecificationC76, or Specification C507 and precast manhole section conforming in all other respects to Specification C478, provided that ifthere is conflict in permissible variations in dimensions the requirements of this specification for joints shall gover
5、n.1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C443 has been developedC443M; therefore, no metric equivalents arepresented in this specification.NOTE 1This specification covers the design and performance of the rubber gasket joint only. Joints covered by this specification are normallyadequate f
6、or hydrostatic pressures up to 13 psi (30 ft) without leakage, when tested in accordance with Section 9. Infiltration or exfiltration quantitiesfor an installed pipeline are dependent upon many factors other than the joints, and allowable quantities must be covered by other specifications andsuitabl
7、e testing of the installed pipeline and system.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C14 Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert PipeC76 Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer PipeC478 Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete
8、Manhole SectionsC507 Specification for Reinforced Concrete Elliptical Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer PipeC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC1619 Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Concrete Structures3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms rela
9、ting to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Basis of Acceptance4.1 The acceptability of the pipe joints and gaskets shall be determined by the results of the physical tests prescribed in thisspecification, if and when required, and by inspection to determine whether the pipe joints and gaskets co
10、nform to this specificationas to design and freedom from defects.5. Materials and Manufacture for Gaskets5.1 All rubber gaskets shall comply with Specification C1619 in terms of materials and manufacture. The gaskets shall beextruded or molded to the specified size within a tolerance of 66 % on any
11、dimension, measured at any cross section.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.08 on Joints for PrecastConcrete Structures.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011Sept. 1, 2012. Published September 201
12、1October 2012. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 20102011as C443 10.C443 11. DOI: 10.1520/C0443-11.10.1520/C0443-12.2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standar
13、dsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to
14、 adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Cons
15、hohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Physical Requirements for Gaskets6.1 Standard Gasket Requirements All rubber gaskets shall meet the dimensions, tolerances, and physical requirements ofSpecification C1619, Class C.6.2 Oil Resistant Gasket RequirementsAll rubber gaskets shall meet the dimens
16、ions, tolerances, and physical requirements ofSpecification C1619, Class D.7. Design of Joints7.1 The manufacturer shall furnish the owner with the detailed design of the joint or joints including design and durometerhardness of the rubber gasket proposed to be furnished under this specification.7.1
17、.1 The joint design shall consist of a bell or groove on one end of a unit of pipe, and a spigot or tongue on the adjacent endof the joining pipe.7.1.2 All surfaces of the joint upon or against which the gasket is capable of bearing shall be smooth, free of spalls, cracks orfractures, and imperfecti
18、ons that would adversely affect the performance of the joint.7.1.3 The joints of the pipe shall be of such design that they will withstand the forces caused by the compression of the gasketwhen joined, without cracking or fracturing when tested in accordance with Section 9.7.1.4 The angle of taper o
19、n the conic surfaces of the inside of the bell or groove and the outer surface of the spigot or tonguewhere the gasket seats shall be not more than 3.5 measured from the pipe axis, except that tapers up to 5 are not prohibited ifproven adequate by plant tests as specified in Section 9 and approved b
20、y the owner. The conic surface on the spigot or tongue shallbe modified to properly contain and seat the gasket.7.1.5 The annular space between the gasket-bearing surfaces of the assembled and centered joint shall be not more than 75 %of the uncompressed thickness of the applied gasket including the
21、 manufacturers tolerances of the joint and gasket. The jointdesign shall provide for the deflection of a pipe unit by opening one side of the outside perimeter of the joint 12 in. wider thanthe assembled position without reducing its watertightness. Where greater deflections are required than provid
22、ed by the jointdesign, beveled joints or elbows must be provided.7.1.6 The gasket shall be the sole element depended upon to make the joint flexible and watertight. The gasket shall be acontinuous ring of circular or non-circular cross-section which fits snugly into the annular space between the ove
23、rlapping surfacesof the assembled pipe joint to form a flexible watertight seal.7.1.7 The gasket shall not be stretched more than 30 % of its original circumference when seated on the spigot or tongue endof the pipe.7.1.8 Where the particular joint design utilizing a rubber gasket dictates the use o
24、f a lubricant to facilitate assembly, the lubricantcomposition shall have no detrimental effect on the performance of the gasket and joint due to prolonged exposure.NOTE 2Joints in an assembled position are defined as joints in the position after assembly in accordance with the manufacturers design.
25、7.2 Alternative Joint DesignsWhen agreed upon by the owner, manufacturers are not prohibited from submitting to the ownerdetailed designs for joints and gaskets other than those described in Section 7. Design submissions shall include joint geometry,tolerances, gasket characteristics, proposed plant
26、 tests, gasket splice bend tests, and such other information as required by theowner to evaluate the joint design for field performance. Joints and gaskets of alternative joint designs shall at least meet all testrequirements of this specification if permitted by the owner. Alternative joint designs
27、 shall be acceptable provided the designs areapproved by the owner prior to manufacture and provided the test pipe comply with the specified tests.8. Permissible Variations in Dimensions8.1 The planes formed by the ends of nonbeveled pipe shall not vary from the perpendicular to the pipe axis by mor
28、e than 316in. for internal diameters or equivalent diameters 30 in. and smaller; or by more than 14 in. for internal diameters or equivalentdiameters 33 to 54 in. inclusive; or not more than 38 in. for internal diameters or equivalent diameters 60 in. and larger.8.2 The manufacturers tolerances for
29、the width of the annular space between the gasket bearing surfaces shall not vary by morethan 610 % of the uncompressed thickness of the applied gasket.9. Performance Requirements for Joints9.1 When required by the owner, assembled joints shall pass the following performance tests without leakage at
30、 the joints, andthe manufacturer shall have the option of allowing the assembled joints to stand under a pressure of 13 psi or less, for a maximumof 24 h prior to the test:9.1.1 Pipes in Straight Alignment Hydrostatic pressure tests on joints shall be made on an assembly of two sections of pipe,prop
31、erly connected in accordance with the joint design. At the option of the owner a second such test shall be required. Suitablebulkheads shall be provided either within the pipe adjacent to and on either side of the joint, or at the outer ends of the two joinedpipe sections. No fillings or packings sh
32、all be placed prior to watertightness tests. After the pipe sections are fitted together withthe gasket or gaskets in place, the assembly shall be subjected to an internal hydrostatic pressure of 13 psi (30 ft) pressure headfor 10 min. Moisture or beads of water appearing on the surface of the joint
33、 will not be considered as leakage. If leakage of jointsshould initially occur, the manufacturer shall have the option to extend the test period up to 24 h.C443 1229.1.2 Pipes in Maximum Deflected PositionUpon completion of the test for pipes in straight alignment in 9.1.1, the testsections shall be
34、 deflected to create a position 12 in. wider than the assembled position on one side of the outside perimeter of eachjoint and shall be subjected to an internal hydrostatic pressure of 10 psi for 10 min. Moisture or beads of water appearing on thesurface of the joint will not be considered as leakag
35、e.9.1.3 Unless prohibited by the owner at or before the time of placing an order for pipe with diameters 36 inches or larger, pipe,the manufacturer has the option to test the pipe joint for watertightness to the parameters established in 9.1.1 and 9.1.2 by methodswhich pressurize the rubber gasketed
36、 joint either internally or externally.10. Storage10.1 The lubricant shall be stored in accordance to the lubricant manufacturers recommended temperature range.11. Inspection11.1 The quality of the materials and the finished pipe joint and gasket shall be subject to inspection and approval by aninsp
37、ector employed by the owner.12. Certification12.1 When requested by the owner, the manufacturer shall furnish written certification that the joint lubricant conforms to allrequirements of this specification for the specific gaskets supplied.13. Marking13.1 LubricantThe following information shall be
38、 clearly marked on each container of lubricant.13.1.1 Name of lubricant manufacturer.13.1.2 Usable temperature range for application and storage.13.1.3 Shelf life.13.1.4 Lot or batch number.14. Repairs14.1 Spalled areas, manufacturing imperfections, or damage during handling, of each pipe end, are n
39、ot prohibited from beingrepaired and will be acceptable, if in the opinion of the owner, the repaired pipe conforms to the requirements of 7.1.2; providedthe circumferential length of a single area to be repaired shall not exceed one fourth of the inside diameter or equivalent diameterof the pipe or
40、 the circumferential length of several areas combined does not exceed one half of the inside diameter or equivalentdiameter of the pipe.14.2 At the option of the owner, the pipe joint that has been repaired shall be subjected to the designated hydrostatic test inaccordance with 9.1.1 and shall be ac
41、cepted if it passes the hydrostatic test requirements.15. Rejection15.1 Pipe joints and gaskets shall be subject to rejection upon failure to conform to any of the requirements of this specification.Pipe that is damaged because of carelessness or continuing failure to prevent recurrent imperfections
42、 in manufacture or damageduring handling shall be subject to rejection.15.2 Gaskets shall be subject to rejection whenever they show surface checking, weathering, or other deterioration prior toinstallation in the work.16. Keywords16.1 concrete pipe; joints; rubber gasketsASTM International takes no
43、 position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own respons
44、ibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed t
45、o ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the add
46、ress shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C443 123
