1、Designation: C444M 03 (Reapproved 2009)C444M 17Standard Specification forPerforated Concrete Pipe (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C444M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers perforated
3、concrete pipe intended to be used for underdrainage.1.2 This specification is the SI companion to Specification C444.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriat
4、e safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International
5、Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concrete
6、 pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Classification4.1 Pipe manufactured to this specification shall be of two classes, Type 1 and Type 2, describing two arrangements ofperforations for pipe manufactured to the standard specifications for plain or reinforced concrete pipe, and their classifications.4.1.1
7、Type 1 perforated pipe shall have circular perforations conforming to 6.1 and Table 1.4.1.2 Type 2 perforated pipe shall have slotted perforations conforming to 6.2 and Table 2.4.1.3 It is intended that perforated pipe shall be specified by reference to this specification and the specification for t
8、he type andclass of pipe desired.NOTE 1Example: “Perforated concrete pipe shall conform to the requirements of Specification C444M Type 2, and all applicable requirements ofSpecification C14M, Class 2.”5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 The acceptability of the pipe shall be determined by the results of all
9、applicable tests (Note 2) prescribed for the type andclass of pipe specified, and by inspection to determine whether the pipe conforms to this specification as to design and freedomfrom defects.NOTE 2It is intended that all tests will be applicable except those having to do with permeability and the
10、 hydrostatic test.6. Perforations6.1 Type 1Perforations shall be circular, not more than 8 mm or less than 5 mm in diameter, and arranged in rows parallelto the axis of the pipe. Perforations shall be 75 mm center-to-center, along rows. rows, with no less than 13 mm of cover over any1 This specifica
11、tion is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 on Non-ReinforcedConcrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.Current edition approved June 1, 2009April 1, 2017. Published July 2009May 2017. Originally approved in 1980. Last
12、previous edition approved in 20032009 asC444M 03.C444M 03(2009). DOI: 10.1520/C0444M-03R09.10.1520/C0444M-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the stan
13、dards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurate
14、ly, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1
15、reinforcing steel. The spigot or tongue end shall not be perforated for a length equal to the depth of the socket, or depth of thegroove plus 19 mm and perforations shall continue at uniform spacing along the length of the barrel. The number of rows shallbe as shown in Table 1. The rows shall be spa
16、ced over not more than 165 of circumference. Rows shall be symmetrically arrangedwith respect to the intended top or bottom of the pipe.6.2 Type 2Slots shall be circumferential in direction, not more than 5 mm or less than 3 mm in width, and of the lengths shownin Table 2. There shall be two rows of
17、 slots, spaced 165 apart, and centered, in the case of elliptically reinforced pipe, about theminor axis of the reinforcing. Slots shall be spaced as shown in Table 2, except as modified herein for plain-end pipe. pipe withno less than 13 mm of cover over any reinforcing steel. The distance from the
18、 spigot end, or from the shoulder of the tongue end,to the first pair of slots shall be not more than 25 mm greater than the specified slot spacing, nor less than 25 mm less than thespecified slot spacing. Slots shall continue at uniform spacing along the length of the barrel.6.2.1 Slots in plain-en
19、d pipe shall be spaced as shown in Table 2 except that smaller spacing shall be used where necessary toprovide not less than three equally spaced slots in each row. Slots shall be centered with respect to the ends of the pipe and thereshall be not more than the specified slot spacing from the pipe e
20、nd to the first pair of slots, or less than one half of the slot spacingemployed.6.3 Type 3The allowable water area for openings other than Type 1 or Type 2 shall not be less than the equivalent openingareas shown in Table 1 and Table 2.6.4 The manufacturer shall submit to the owner for approval, pr
21、ior to manufacture, sizes sizes, shapes, methods, andarrangements of perforations other than specified herein.6.5 If perforations, slots, or other openings are more than 5 mm in diameter, the pipe shall be wrapped in a geotextile filter fabricprior to installation.7. Joints7.1 The joints shall be of
22、 such design and the ends of the concrete pipe sections so formed that the pipe can be laid togetherto make a continuous line of pipe compatible with the permissible variations given in Section 8.TABLE 1 Number of Rows of Perforations RequiredInternal DesignatedDiameter,mmRows of Perforations100 415
23、0 4200 4250 6300 6350 6375 6400 6450 8500 8525 8600 8675 and larger space rows approximately 150 mmTABLE 2 Requirements for Length and Spacing of SlotsInternal DesignatedDiameter,mmSlot Length,mmSlot Spacing,Amm100 25 75150 38 75200 50 100250 50 100300 75 150350 75 150375 75 150400 75 150450 75 1505
24、00 75 150525 75 150600 75 150675 and larger 100 150ASee 6.2 for exceptions for plain-end pipe.C444M 1728. Permissible Variation in Dimensions8.1 The permissible variation in circular perforation size or slot width shall be as specified in Section 6. Slot length toleranceis + 6is +6 mm or 3or 3 mm. V
25、ariation in row spacing, or in the spacing of holes or slots in any row, shall be 613 mm exceptas required to provide specified cover for reinforcing steel.9. Repairs9.1 Pipe repaired because of imperfections in manufacture or damage during handling will be acceptable, if in the opinion ofthe owner,
26、 the repairs are sound and properly finished and cured and the repaired pipe conforms to the requirements of thisspecification.10. Marking of Rejected Specimens10.1 All rejected pipe shall be marked clearly by the owner and shall be replaced by the manufacturer with pipe that will meetthe requiremen
27、t of this specification, without additional cost to the owner.11. Inspection11.1 The quality of all materials and the finished pipe shall be subject to inspection and approval by the owner. Such inspectionshall be performed at the point of manufacture or delivery. The method of marking as to accepta
28、nce or rejection of the pipe shallbe agreed upon, prior to inspection, between the owner and manufacturer. Rejected pipe shall be replaced by the manufacturer withpipe that meets the requirements of this specification.12. Rejection12.1 Pipe shall be subject to rejection due to any of the applicable
29、causes for rejection listed for the type and class of pipespecified, or any of the following:12.1.1 Variations in dimensions exceeding those specified in Sections 6 and 8, or12.1.2 Spalls more than 19 mm in diameter or 513 mm from the edge of the slot or 6 mm in depth caused by making perforationsor
30、 slots.13. Keywords13.1 concrete pipe; perforated; subsurface drainage; underdrainageASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of th
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