1、Designation: C 449/C 449M 00Standard Specification forMineral Fiber Hydraulic-Setting Thermal Insulating andFinishing Cement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 449/C 449M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specificati
3、on covers mineral fiber (rock or slag)insulating and finishing cement shipped in dry-mix form,including hydraulic-setting binder, which, when mixed withwater and applied in accordance with the manufacturersdirections, affords a smooth surface as a final finish for heatedsurfaces up to 1200F (649C) f
4、or specific applications. Theactual temperature limit shall be agreed upon between thepurchaser and the manufacturer.NOTE 1Precautionary measures should be taken with this material aswith other hydraulic-setting mixtures. This material should be used withinthe time period recommended by the manufact
5、urer.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method (Section 10) described in this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all
6、 of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.1.4 When the installation or use of thermal insulationmaterials, a
7、ccessories, and systems may pose safety or healthproblems, the manufacturer shall provide the user with appro-priate current information regarding any known problemsassociated with the recommended use of the companysproducts and shall also recommend protective measures to beemployed in their safe ut
8、ilization. The user shall establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 163 Practice for Mixing Thermal Insulating CementSamples2C 166 Test Method for Covering Capacity and VolumeCha
9、nge Upon Drying of Thermal Insulating Cement2C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulating Materi-als2C 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot Plate Apparatus2C 354 Test Method for Compressive Strength of ThermalInsu
10、lating or Finishing Cement2C 356 Test Method for Linear Shrinkage of PreformedHigh-Temperature Thermal Insulation Subjected to Soak-ing Heat2C 390 Criteria for Sampling and Acceptance of PreformedThermal Insulation Lots2C 405 Practice for Estimating Consistency of Wet-MixedThermal Insulating Cement2
11、C411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal Insulation2C 518 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Heat Flow Meter Apparatus2C 795 Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Con-tact with Austenitic S
12、tainless Steel2C 1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal TransmissionProperties from Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements2C 1058 Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Reportingand Evaluating Thermal Properties of Thermal Insulation2C 1114 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by
13、 Means of the Thin-Heater ApparatusE 136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a VerticalTube Furnace at 750C31This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onThermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.20 onHomogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulation
14、s.Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2000. Published December 2000. Originallypublished as C 449 60 T. Last previous edition C 449 95.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocke
15、n, PA 19428-2959, United States.3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions found in Terminology C 168shall be considered as applying to the terms used in thisspecification.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Mineral fiber insulating and finishing cement shall becomposed of mineral fiber and suitable fille
16、rs, premixed with ahydraulic setting binder such that when mixed with clean, freshwater, the cement will attain its initial set in approximately 2 to4 h as usually applied.4.2 The mineral fiber shall consist of rock or slag or glassprocessed from a molten state into fibrous form.4.3 Asbestos shall n
17、ot be used as an ingredient or compo-nent part in the manufacture of this product.4.4 Ceramic fiber shall not be used as an ingredient orcomponent part in the manufacture of this product.NOTE 2Caution: In the presence of moisture or water, a hydraulic-setting binder, usually portland cement, will ch
18、emically react withaluminum-containing materials such as aluminum lagging and powderedaluminum pigmented paints or coatings.5. Other Requirements5.1 The cement shall conform to the requirements given inTable 1. Conformance shall be based on results of tests onspecimens first mixed with water accordi
19、ng to the ratio forproper troweling consistency determined in accordance withPractice C 405.5.2 Maximum Use TemperatureWhen tested in accor-dance with paragraph 10.6, the dried cement shall not warp,flame, or glow during hot surface exposure. No evidence ofmelting or fiber degradation shall be evide
20、nt upon post-testinspection.5.3 Non-combustibilityWhen tested in accordance withparagraph 10.7, the dried cement specimen, using 9.2, shall notexceed the recorded temperature rise more than 54F (30C)with no flaming or weight loss exceeding 5%.5.4 When the cement is to be used in contact with austeni
21、ticstainless steel, distilled or demineralized water shall be usedfor mixing. The cured and dried product, processed in accor-dance with Section 9 on Specimen Preparation, shall conformto the requirements of Specification C 795.6. Qualification Requirements6.1 The following requirements are employed
22、 for purposesof initial material or product qualifications:6.1.1 Dry covering capacity.6.1.2 Volume change upon drying.6.1.3 Compressive strength.6.1.4 Linear shrinkage.6.1.5 Apparent thermal conductivity.7. Sampling7.1 The cement shall be sampled for acceptance tests inaccordance with Table 1 (Samp
23、ling Plan and AcceptanceCriteria for Inspection Requirements) of Criteria C 390, witheach bag representing a shipping unit.7.2 The test specimen shall be taken from the middle of abag, so as to be representative of material from the entire bag.A “grain thief” or equivalent shall be used to obtain th
24、especimen from the bag.8. Number of Tests and Retests8.1 The number of tests shall be as required in 7.1 or asotherwise agreed to between the manufacturer and the user.8.2 If the average of the test data obtained on the requirednumber of specimens fails to comply with the requirements ofTable 1, the
25、 lot shall be resampled and retested. The results ofthe retest shall be averaged with the results of the original teststo determine compliance with this specification.9. Specimen Preparation9.1 Specimens for testing shall be mixed with demineralizedor distilled water in accordance with Practice C 16
26、3. Allowingredients to expand/swell by standing for at least 15 minbefore running qualification tests.9.2 Test specimens for 5.2, 10.3, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7 and Table1 shall be prepared as follows:9.2.1 Mold test specimens on a mold of suitable size andshape for the equipment to be used and a max. of 2
27、in. (51 mm)in depth. The cement shall be mixed with demineralized waterin accordance with Practice C 163. Place the mold in ahorizontal position on a piece of glass slightly larger than thespecimen required. Place the mixed cement in the mold, trowelthe top surface of the cement smooth, and allow to
28、 cure underambient laboratory conditions for 24 h.9.2.2 Remove the specimen from the mold and dry untilconstant dried weight is achieved. Drying can be accomplishedeither by heating in a well ventilated oven at 215 to 250F (101to 121C) for 48 h or by heating in a ventilated 500 to 900watts microwave
29、 oven until no change in specimen weight.9.2.3 Upon removal from the oven, the surfaces of thespecimens shall be made plane and parallel by cutting, sand-papering, or by a combination of these methods. The lateraldimensions of the specimens shall be governed by the testrequirements.10. Test Methods1
30、0.1 Dry Covering CapacityTest Method C 166.10.2 Volume Change Upon DryingTest Method C 166.10.3 Compressive StrengthTest Method C 354.TABLE 1 Physical RequirementsNOTE 1Conformance to these physical requirements shall be basedon the average of the results of tests on specimens prepared in accordance
31、with Section 9.Dry covering capacity min ft2 1 in. thickness per 100 lb of drycement (m2 1 cm thickness per 100 kg of dry cement)24 (12.5)Volume change (shrinkage) upon drying, max % 10.0Compressive strength at 5 % deformation, min psi (kPa) 100 (689.5)Linear shrinkage (length) after 24 h heat soak
32、at 1200F (649C),max %5.0Apparent thermal conductivity, max Btuin./hft2F(W/mK):Mean temperature F (C),75 (24) 0.60 (0.087)200 (93) 0.90 (0.130)400 (204) 1.15 (0.166)600 (316) 1.1 (0.159)C 449/C 449M 00210.4 Linear ShrinkageTest Method C 356.10.5 Apparent Thermal Conductivity10.5.1 The thermal conduct
33、ivity as a function of tempera-ture for the representative specimens shall be determined withdata obtained from a series of thermal tests utilizing TestMethods C 177, C 518,orC 1114 as appropriate for thematerial under study. Specimen shall be tested at a maximumthickness of 2 in. (51 mm).10.5.1.1 T
34、est Method C 518 shall not be used at tempera-tures or resistances other than those in the range of thecalibration.10.5.1.2 Test Method C 1114 shall not be used at tempera-tures or resistance ranges other than those with comparableresults to Test Method C 177.10.5.2 The test method selected shall ha
35、ve proven correla-tion with Test Method C 177 over the temperature range ofconditions used. In cases of dispute, Test Method C 177 shallbe considered as the final authority for material having flatgeometry.10.5.3 Practice C 1058 may be used to obtain recommendedtest temperature combinations for test
36、ing purposes.10.5.4 As specified in Practice C 1045, the range of testconditions must include at least one test where the hot surfacetemperature is greater than, or equal to, the hot limit of thetemperature range of desired data and at least one test wherethe cold surface temperature is less than, o
37、r equal to, the coldlimit of the temperature range desired. Additional tests, at leasttwo, shall be distributed somewhat evenly over the rest of thetemperature range.10.5.5 Conduct the final analysis of the thermal data shall beconducted in accordance with Practice C 1045 to generate athermal conduc
38、tivity versus temperature relationship for thespecimen.10.5.6 The final step of Practice C 1045 analysis would beto calculate the thermal conductivity using the equationsgenerated at a set of mean temperatures for comparison to thespecification.NOTE 3Caution: While it is recommended that the specifi
39、cation databe presented as conductivity versus temperature, several existing specifi-cations may contain mean temperature data from tests conducted atspecific hot and cold surface temperatures. In these cases, the conductivityas a function of temperature from the Practice C 1045 analysis mayprovide
40、different results. To insure that the data is compatible, a PracticeC 680 analysis, using the conductivity versus temperature relationshipfrom Practice C 1045 and the specific hot and cold surface temperatures,is required to determine the effective conductivity for comparison to thespecification req
41、uirements.10.6 Maximum Use TemperatureShall be tested, using9.2, in accordance with Test Method C411at the insulationsmaximum use temperature and at the manufacturers maximumrecommended thickness at that temperature. No special re-quirements for heat up of material shall be specified by themanufactu
42、rer.10.7 Non-combustibilityMay be determined with passingTest Method E 136 when all four specimens meet the reportedconditions.11. Inspection11.1 The following requirements are employed for purposesof acceptance sampling of lots or shipments of qualifiedcement:11.1.1 Dry covering capacity.11.1.2 Vol
43、ume change upon drying.12. Rejection and Rehearing12.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements inthis specification may be rejected. Rejection should be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly and in writing in case ofdissatisfaction with the results of the test, the producer orsuppl
44、ier may make claim for a rehearing.12.2 In case of rejection, the manufacturer or supplier shallhave the right to reinspect the rejected shipment and resubmitthe lot after removal of that portion not conforming to thespecified requirements.13. Certification13.1 When specified in the purchase order o
45、r contract, thepurchaser shall be furnished with certification that samplesrepresenting each lot have been either tested or inspected asdirected in this specification, and the requirements have beenmet. When specified in the purchase order or contract, a reportof the test results shall be furnished.
46、14. Packaging14.1 Unless otherwise specified or agreed upon by thepurchaser and the manufacturer or supplier, the cement shall bepackaged in the manufacturers standard commercial contain-ers.15. Keywords15.1 cement; finishing; hydraulic-setting; insulating; min-eral fiber; thermal; thermal conductiv
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