1、Designation: C456 13Standard Test Method forHydration Resistance of Basic Bricks and Shapes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb
2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers measurement of the relativeresistance of basic brick and shapes to hydration.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound un
3、its are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health pr
4、actices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Significance and Use2.1 This test method compares relative resistance to hydra-tion of basic refractory brick and shapes in laboratory tests.2.2 This test method allows an estimate to be made of therelative potential
5、for hydration.2.3 The test method is used in industry and in some cases itis used for specification purposes.2.4 The results must be carefully used as a means ofpredicting whether or not basic brick or shapes will hydrateunder actual conditions of storage or service.3. Apparatus3.1 Autoclave, suitab
6、le for operation at 80 lb/in.2(552 kPa)at 324F (162C), and equipped with pressure- andtemperature-measuring devices, a vent cock, and safety equip-ment. Capacity shall be sufficient to hot up to 12 specimens,generally 2 gallons.4. Test Specimens4.1 The test specimens shall be 1-in. (25-mm) cubes cut
7、from the interior of basic refractory brick or shapes so that nooriginal surfaces are present. Only one specimen shall be cutfrom each of five bricks or shapes.5. Procedure5.1 Dry the test specimens to constant weight at 220 to230F (105 to 110C) in a forced-air drier.5.2 Add sufficient water to the
8、autoclave to maintain 80 psi(552 kPa) at 324F (162C) for the duration of each 5-h test,but not enough to permit contact with any of the specimens.5.3 Place each specimen in a lidless No. 2 porcelaincrucible, and place the crucible in the autoclave on a suitablerack to protect the specimen from drip
9、or condensate. Fig. 1 isan example of a rack designed for cylindrical autoclave.5.4 Heat the autoclave with the pressure release valve open;after a steady flow of steam is obtained through the valve,continue to purge for 3 min to remove all air, close the valve,and bring the autoclave to 80 psi (552
10、 kPa) and at 324F(162C) in a total time of 1 h. Maintain the autoclave at 80 65 psi (552 6 50 kPa) at 324 6 4F (162 6 2C) for 5 h.5.5 Allow sufficient cooling to lower the autoclave to 20 to30 psi (138 to 207 kPa) with the release valve closed, and thencarefully open the relief valve to reduce the a
11、utoclave toatmospheric pressure in a total time between 30 and 60 min.Remove the specimens and examine them.5.6 Repeat the hydration procedure on the same five speci-mens for successive 5-h periods up to 30 h, or until thespecimens have a rating of 4 after a given period (6.1).6. Report6.1 Determine
12、 the deterioration of the specimen qualita-tively by visual inspection and rate as follows:1 = unaffected,2 = surface hydration,3 = cracking or crumbling, and4 = disintegration.6.1.1 Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show typical examples of the fourratings on test specimens.6.2 The report shall state the total num
13、ber of hours thespecimens were autoclaved and their individual ratings aftereach treatment. Photographs may be included to illustrate thedegree of hydration.7. Precision and Bias7.1 No statement is made about either the precision or thebias of this test method because it is qualitative in nature.1Th
14、is test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 onRefractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.04 on ChemicalBehaviors.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2013. Published September 2013. Originallyapproved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C456 93 (
15、2008).DOI: 10.1520/C0456-13.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States18. Keywords8.1 autoclave; basic brick; basic shapes; hydration; refrac-tories; steamFIG. 1 Suitable Rack for Protecting Specimens from Drip or Con-densateFIG.
16、 2 Rating Basic Brick or Shapes Specimens After Hydration PeriodsRating 1 on Left and Rating 2 on RightC456 132ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advise
17、d that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either re
18、approved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If y
19、ou feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individua
20、l reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).FIG. 3 Rating Basic Brick or Shapes Specimens After Hydration PeriodsRating 3 on Left and Rating 4 on RightC456 133
