1、Designation: C456 13C456 18Standard Test Method forHydration Resistance of Basic Bricks and Shapes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers measurement of the relative resistance of basic brick and shapes to hydration.1.2 The values stated in inch-
3、pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate sa
4、fety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices anddetermine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Deve
5、lopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Significance and Use2.1 This test method compares relative resistance to hydration of basic refractory brick and shapes in laboratory tests.2.2 This tes
6、t method allows an estimate to be made of the relative potential for hydration.2.3 The test method is used in industry and in some cases it is used for specification purposes.2.4 The results must be carefully used as a means of predicting whether or not basic brick or shapes will hydrate under actua
7、lconditions of storage or service.3. Apparatus3.1 Autoclave, suitable for operation at 80 lb/in.80 psi 2(552 kPa) at 324F (162C),324 F (162 C), and equipped withpressure-pressure and temperature-measuring temperature measuring devices, a vent cock, and safety equipment. Capacity shallbe sufficient t
8、o hothold up to 12twelve specimens, generally 2 gallons.gal.4. Test Specimens4.1 The test specimens shall be 1-in. (25-mm) cubes cut from the interior of basic refractory brick or shapes so that no originalsurfaces are present. Only one specimen shall be cut from each of five bricks or shapes.5. Pro
9、cedure5.1 Dry the test specimens to constant weight at 220 to 230F230 F (105 to 110C)110 C) in a forced-air drier.5.2 Add sufficient water to the autoclave to maintain 80 psi (552 kPa) at 324F (162C)324 F (162 C) for the duration of each5-h test, but not enough to permit contact with any of the spec
10、imens.5.3 Place each specimen in a lidless No. 2 porcelain crucible, and place the crucible in the autoclave on a suitable rack to protectthe specimen from drip or condensate. Fig. 1 is an example of a rack designed for cylindrical autoclave.5.4 Heat the autoclave with the pressure release valve ope
11、n; afteropen. After a steady flow of steam is obtained through thevalve, continue to purge for 3 min to remove all air, close the valve, and bring the autoclave to 80 psi (552 kPa) and at 324F(162C)324 F (162 C) in a total time of 1 h. Maintain the autoclave at 80 6 5 psi (552 6 50 kPa) at 324 6 4F4
12、 F (162 62C)2 C) for 5 h.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.04 on Chemical Behaviors.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2013Feb. 1, 2018. Published September 2013February 2018. Originally approved in
13、1960. Last previous edition approved in 20082013as C456 93 (2008).C456 13. DOI: 10.1520/C0456-13.10.1520/C0456-18.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not
14、 be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr
15、ive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.5 Allow sufficient cooling to lower the autoclave to 20 to 30 psi (138 to 207 kPa) with the release valve closed, and thencarefully open the relief valve to reduce the autoclave to atmospheric pressure in a total time between 30 and
16、 60 min. Remove thespecimens and examine them.5.6 Repeat the hydration procedure on the same five specimens for successive 5-h periods up to 30 h, or until the specimenshave a rating of 4 after a given period (6.1).6. Report6.1 Determine the deterioration of the specimen qualitatively by visual insp
17、ection and rate as follows:1 = unaffected,2 = surface hydration,3 = cracking or crumbling, and4 = disintegration.6.1.1 Fig. 2Figs. 2 and 3 and Fig. 3show typical examples of the four ratings on test specimens.6.2 The report shall state the total number of hours the specimens were autoclaved and thei
18、r individual ratings after eachtreatment. Photographs may be included to illustrate the degree of hydration.7. Precision and Bias7.1 No statement is made about either the precision or the bias of this test method because it is qualitative in nature.FIG. 1 Suitable Rack for Protecting Specimens from
19、Drip or Con-densateC456 1828. Keywords8.1 autoclave; basic brick; basic shapes; hydration; refractories; steamASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised
20、 that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either rea
21、pproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you
22、 feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual
23、reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from th
24、e Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 2 Rating Basic Brick or Shapes Specimens After Hydration PeriodsRating Periods Rating 1 on Left and Rating 2 on RightFIG. 3 Rating Basic Brick or Shapes Specimens After Hydration PeriodsRating Periods Rating 3 on Left and Rating 4 on RightC456 183
