1、Designation: C 465 99 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Specification forProcessing Additions for Use in the Manufactureof Hydraulic Cements1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 465; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification pertains to the criteria and tests to beused for determining whether a proces
3、sing addition, when usedin the recommended amount at the option of the cementproducer in the manufacture of hydraulic cements, meets therequirements as prescribed by definition in SpecificationsC 150, C 1157, C 845, and C 595. The materials listed in thefollowing former ASTM Specifications shall be
4、considered asmeeting the requirements of this specification:C 150 62, for Portland Cement2C 205 58 T, for Portland Blast-Furnace Slag Cement3C 340 58 T, for Portland Pozzolan Cement3C 358 58, for Slag Cement31.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods described in this s
5、pecification. This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referen
6、ced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensC78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (UsingSimple Beam with Third-Point Loading)C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength o
7、fHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of HydraulicCementC115 Test Method for Fineness of Portland Cement by theTurbidimeterC 138/C 138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC 143 Test Met
8、hod for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Con-creteC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of PortlandCementC 173/C 173M Test Method for Air Content of FreshlyMixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC 185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic CementMortarC 187 Test
9、 Method for Normal Consistency of HydraulicCementC 191 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Ce-ment by Vicat NeedleC 192 Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Speci-mens in the LaboratoryC 204 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement byAir Permeability ApparatusC 205 58T Specifica
10、tion for Portland BlastFurnace SlagCementC 226 Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use inthe Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic CementC 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC 293 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Us-ing Simple Be
11、am with Center-Point Loading)C 340 58T Specification for Portland Pozzolan CementC 358 58 Specification for Slag CementC 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 596 Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Con-taining Portland CementC 617 Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Speci-me
12、nsC 845 Specification for Expansive Hydraulic CementC 1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementD 891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, ofLiquid Industrial Chemicals1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 onCement and is the direct responsibility of Su
13、bcommittee C01.20 on Additions.Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published August 2005. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C 465 99.2See 1961 Book of ASTM Standards, Part 4.3Discontinued, see 1958 Book of ASTM Standards, Part 4.4For referenced ASTM standards,
14、visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1942
15、8-2959, United States.E 203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl FischerTitration3. Materials3.1 Cements:3.1.1 In cases where it is desired that the proposed additionbe accepted for general use in portland cement, tests shall bemade on cements prepared from at least five different clinkers.As
16、 a minimum, these clinkers shall represent two Type Icements containing not less than 9.0 % C3A, one Type IIcement, and two Type III cements, all conforming to Specifi-cation C 150.3.1.2 In cases where it is also desired that the proposedaddition be used in blended cements, the test and test proce-d
17、ures shall be as specified with a control and an addition forcement conforming to the appropriate Specification C 595 orC 1157.3.1.3 Processing additions which have been shown to meetthe requirements of this specification may also be used incements conforming to Specification C 845. Testing of thead
18、dition with these special cements, where desired, shall bedone using the tests and test procedures as specified with acontrol cement and a cement containing the addition, bothconforming to Specification C 845.3.1.4 In cases where it is desired that the proposed additionbe limited in use to specific
19、types of cement less in numberthan required in 3.1.1, the tests and test procedures shall be asspecified, and at least two pairs of cements shall be preparedfrom two clinkers from different plants for each type underspecific consideration.3.1.5 In cases where it is desired that the proposed addition
20、be limited in use to a single plant, the tests and test proceduresshall be as specified and at least two pairs of cements shall beprepared from clinker representing each type under specificconsideration.3.1.6 The two companion cements to be made from any oneclinker shall be ground to the same finene
21、ss within 7 m2/kgwhen tested in accordance with Test Method C115or within13 m2/kg when tested in accordance with Test Method C 204,and the SO3content, expressed as a percentage of the cementmass and reported to the nearest 0.01 %, shall differ by notmore than 0.3, so as to afford comparable samples
22、for indicat-ing the effect of the addition on the cement. Each controlcement shall comply with all requirements in the specificationapplicable to that type of cement, and shall not contain theproposed addition when tested by the method furnished by theproducer or seller of the addition.3.1.7 The per
23、centage of each of the following shall bedetermined for each lot of cement tested: silicon dioxide(SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), ferric oxide (Fe2O3), calciumoxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), sulfur trioxide (SO3),ignition loss, insoluble residue, sodium oxide (Na2O), andpotassium oxide (K2O). Th
24、ere shall also be calculated thepotential percentages of the following compounds: tricalciumsilicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and tetracal-cium aluminoferrite. Determinations for the percentage of theaddition shall be made, both on the control cements and onthose with which the add
25、ition was interground, using themethod proposed therefore by the sponsor.3.2 AggregatesThe fine and coarse aggregates shall com-ply with Specification C33; the coarse aggregate shall complywith the grading requirements for Size No. 57 or Size No. 67.A sufficient quantity from a single lot of coarse
26、aggregate andfrom a single lot of fine aggregate shall be provided tocomplete all tests. To prevent the segregation of particle sizesin the fine aggregate, a single lot of sand sufficient for all testsshall either ( 1) be separated on the 4.75-mm (No. 4), 1.18-mm(No. 16), 300 m (No. 50), and 150 m (
27、No. 100) sieves andthen be recombined in the required quantity for each batch; or(2) be blended while in a damp condition, and maintained inthat condition for the duration of the tests. Under option (2),lots of appropriate size for single mortar and concrete batchesshall be carefully split or quarte
28、red from the entire batch.4. General Requirements4.1 Processing additions shall conform to the respectiverequirements in this specification.4.2 The trade name, source, character of the material, andmeans for the quantitative determination of the addition in thefinished cement shall be furnished by t
29、he sponsor, manufac-turer, or supplier of the addition, and the information shall forma part of the record of tests of the addition. If the processingaddition is a liquid, the specific gravity and percent watercontent shall also be part of the record.4.2.1 The specific gravity, run in accordance wit
30、h 7.1.1 shallbe within 60.05 units of the value reported in 4.2.4.3 Processing additions shall be evaluated by comparingcements containing the addition to otherwise identical cementsfrom the same source without the addition, or containing aprocessing addition which has been shown to comply with this
31、specification using control cements without any additions,hereinafter designated the “control” cement.4.4 The amount of the processing addition to be intergroundwith the cement for evaluation purposes shall be determined bythe sponsor of the addition.4.4.1 The amount of the addition in the cement co
32、ntainingthe addition and showing compliance with the requirements ofthis specification shall be determined quantitatively by meansof the quantitative determination required by 4.2.4.4.2 The amount of addition, so determined, shall be usedto state the amount of addition that shows compliance with thi
33、sspecification.4.4.3 When tests on cements containing the addition showcompliance with the requirements of this specification, theaddition in cement may be used in any amount up to themaximum amount showing compliance.4.5 The cement produced for evaluation purposes with theprocessing addition shall
34、comply with the appropriate Speci-fications C 150, C 845, C 1157M, or C 595, except that itcontains the addition under test. The effect of the addition onthe properties of the cement shall also be within the followinglimits:4.5.1 The percentage of water by mass of cement requiredfor normal consisten
35、cy of cement containing the addition shallnot exceed that required by the corresponding control cementby more than 1.0. For those cements not limited to a fixedwater requirement, the percentage of water by mass of cementrequired for standard consistency of the mortar used forC 465 99 (2005)2strength
36、 determinations as described in 4.5.4 shall not beincreased by more than 2.0 by the addition over that requiredfor the control cement.4.5.2 The time of setting of cement containing the additionshall not vary from the time of setting of the correspondingcontrol cement by more than1hor50%,whichever is
37、 thelesser.4.5.3 The autoclave expansion of cement containing theaddition, expressed as a percentage change in length, shall benot more than 0.10 greater than that of the correspondingcontrol cement.4.5.4 The compressive strength of mortar cubes made withcement containing the addition, in accordance
38、 with TestMethod C 109/C 109M, and tested at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days forall types, shall be compared with strengths obtained with thecontrol cement at similar ages. The grand average of theseindividual strength percentages shall be not less than 95 % ofthe control cement values. It is required that cub
39、es forcompanion cements be made and tested on the same days, withstorage of specimens side by side in the same section of themoist cabinet during the 24-h curing period. Retesting ofcompanion cements on the same, or a following, day isrequired in order to provide six, rather than three, test speci-m
40、ens for each cement and age of test.4.5.5 The ultimate drying shrinkage (percent) of mortarmade with cement containing the addition shall not be morethan 0.025 greater than that of similar mortar made with thecorresponding control cement when tested in accordance withTest Method C 596.4.5.6 The comp
41、ressive strength of the concrete made withcement containing the addition shall be compared withstrengths obtained with the control cement at similar ages. Thegrand average of these individual strength percentages shall benot less than 90 % of the values for the control cement.4.5.7 The flexural stre
42、ngth of concrete made with cementcontaining the addition shall be compared with strengthsobtained with the control cement at similar ages. The grandaverage of these individual strength percentages shall be notless than 90 % of the values for the control cement.4.5.8 The amount of air-entraining addi
43、tion required toproduce 19 6 3 % air in the mortar test made in accordancewith Test Method C 185, with the cement containing theaddition under test, shall be not greater than 120 % of theamount required to produce, within6 1 %, the air contentobtained with the control cement. The air-entraining addi
44、tionused shall meet the requirements of Specification C 226.4.6 Processing additions which provide maximum effects asgrinding aids or pack set inhibitors may increase cementflowability to a point where mill retention time is reducedsufficiently to affect significantly the particle size distributiono
45、f the resulting cement and its physical-chemical properties.Since mill retention times are controllable by mechanicalmeans in full-scale grinding mills, the true physical-chemicaleffects of the test additive may, in instances where full-scaletests have shown mill retention time reductions to havesig
46、nificant effects on the properties of the resulting cement, bedetermined for acceptance purposes by making supplementarylaboratory or pilot-mill grinds.4.7 In the event that the effect of the addition on theproperties of cement are determined on the basis of laboratoryor pilot mill grinds, this fact
47、 shall be entered in the reportspecified in Section 13, and the specific tests shall be indicated.5. Sampling Cement5.1 Samples of the plant-ground cement shall be taken fromthe product stream during grinding. Prior to the start ofsampling a given lot of cement, the mill shall have run for 4 hor lon
48、g enough to have reached equilibrium under the generalconditions that are to govern during the sampling period.NOTE 1Records should be kept as to the rate and continuity of feed ofthe addition, the form in which the addition is used, strength of solution,magnitude of circulating loads, mill discharg
49、e temperature, and feed rateof clinker and gypsum. Product fineness should be determined during thegrinding immediately subsequent to sampling.5.2 As the cement samples are taken, they shall be placed insealable containers which shall be sealed immediately at theend of the sampling period. Prior to use, the samples of a givenlot of cement shall be thoroughly blended to form a uniform,representative composite.6. Test Methods6.1 Determine the properties enumerated in this specifica-tion in accordance with the test methods prescribed in Sections7-12.7. Tests on Liqu
