1、Designation: C465 10Standard Specification forProcessing Additions for Use in the Manufactureof Hydraulic Cements1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C465; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification pertains to the criteria and tests to beused for determining whether a(n) organic or inorganic pr
3、o-cessing addition, when used in the recommended amount at theoption of the cement producer in the manufacture of hydrauliccements, meets the requirements as prescribed by definition inSpecifications C150, C1157, C845, and C595. The materialslisted in the following former ASTM Specifications shall b
4、econsidered as meeting the organic processing additions re-quirements of this specification:C150 62, for Portland CementC205 58 T, for Portland Blast-Furnace Slag CementC340 58 T, for Portland Pozzolan CementC358 58, for Slag Cement1.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest met
5、hods described in this specification. This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitation
6、s priorto use.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Concrete Specime
7、nsC78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (UsingSimple Beam with Third-Point Loading)C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of HydraulicCementC115 Test Method for Fineness of Por
8、tland Cement by theTurbidimeterC138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-CementConcreteC150 Specification for Portland CementC151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of HydraulicCementC173/C173M Test
9、 Method for Air Content of FreshlyMixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic CementMortarC187 Test Method for Normal Consistency of HydraulicCementC191 Test Methods for Time of Setting of HydraulicCement by Vicat NeedleC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curi
10、ng ConcreteTest Specimens in the LaboratoryC204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement byAir-Permeability ApparatusC205 Specification for Portland Blast- Furnace Cement3C226 Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use inthe Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic CementC231 Test Method
11、 for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-crete by the Pressure MethodC293 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (UsingSimple Beam With Center-Point Loading)C340 Specification for Corkboard Thermal Insulation3C358 Specification for Slag Cement3C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC596
12、 Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Contain-ing Hydraulic CementC617 Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 onCement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.20 on Additions.Current edition approved F
13、eb. 1, 2010. Published March 2010. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C46509. DOI:10.1520/C0465-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume info
14、rmation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
15、 West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.C845 Specification for Expansive Hydraulic CementC1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementD891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, ofLiquid Industrial ChemicalsE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl FischerTitration3. Mat
16、erials3.1 Cements:3.1.1 In cases where it is desired that the proposed organicprocessing addition be accepted for general use in portlandcement, tests shall be made on cements prepared from at leastfive different clinkers. As a minimum, these clinkers shallrepresent two Type I cements containing not
17、 less than 9.0 %C3A, one Type II cement, and two Type III cements, allconforming to Specification C150.3.1.2 In cases where it is also desired that the proposedorganic processing addition be used in blended cements, thetest and test procedures shall be as specified with a control andan addition for
18、cement conforming to the appropriate Specifi-cation C595 or C1157.3.1.3 Organic processing additions which have been shownto meet the requirements of this specification may also be usedin cements conforming to Specification C845. Testing of theaddition with these special cements, where desired, shal
19、l bedone using the tests and test procedures as specified with acontrol cement and a cement containing the addition, bothconforming to Specification C845.3.1.4 In cases where it is desired that the proposed organicprocessing addition be limited in use to specific types ofcement less in number than r
20、equired in 3.1.1, the tests and testprocedures shall be as specified, and at least two pairs ofcements shall be prepared from two clinkers from differentplants for each type under specific consideration.3.1.5 For inorganic processing additions, or in cases whereit is desired that the proposed organi
21、c processing addition belimited in use to a single plant, the tests and test proceduresshall be as specified and at least two pairs of cements shall beprepared from clinker representing each type under specificconsideration.3.1.6 The two companion cements to be made from any oneclinker shall be grou
22、nd to the same fineness within 7 m2/kgwhen tested in accordance with Test Method C115 or within 13m2/kg when tested in accordance with Test Method C204, andthe SO3content, expressed as a percentage of the cement massand reported to the nearest 0.01 %, shall differ by not morethan 0.3, so as to affor
23、d comparable samples for indicating theeffect of the addition on the cement. Each control cement shallcomply with all requirements in the specification applicable tothat type of cement, and shall not contain the proposed additionwhen tested by the method furnished by the producer or sellerof the add
24、ition.3.1.7 The percentage of each of the following shall bedetermined for each lot of cement tested: silicon dioxide(SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), ferric oxide (Fe2O3), calciumoxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), sulfur trioxide (SO3),ignition loss, insoluble residue, sodium oxide (Na2O), andpotass
25、ium oxide (K2O). There shall also be calculated thepotential percentages of the following compounds: tricalciumsilicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and tetracal-cium aluminoferrite. Determinations for the percentage of theaddition shall be made, both on the control cements and onthose
26、 with which the addition was interground, using themethod proposed therefore by the sponsor.3.2 AggregatesThe fine and coarse aggregates shall com-ply with Specification C33; the coarse aggregate shall complywith the grading requirements for Size No. 57 or Size No. 67.A sufficient quantity from a si
27、ngle lot of coarse aggregate andfrom a single lot of fine aggregate shall be provided tocomplete all tests. To prevent the segregation of particle sizesin the fine aggregate, a single lot of sand sufficient for all testsshall either ( 1) be separated on the 4.75-mm (No. 4), 1.18-mm(No. 16), 300 m (N
28、o. 50), and 150 m (No. 100) sieves andthen be recombined in the required quantity for each batch; or(2) be blended while in a damp condition, and maintained inthat condition for the duration of the tests. Under option (2),lots of appropriate size for single mortar and concrete batchesshall be carefu
29、lly split or quartered from the entire batch.4. General Requirements4.1 Processing additions shall conform to the respectiverequirements in this specification.4.2 The trade name, source, character of the material, andmeans for the quantitative determination of the addition in thefinished cement shal
30、l be furnished by the sponsor, manufac-turer, or supplier of the addition, and the information shall forma part of the record of tests of the addition. If the processingaddition is a liquid, the specific gravity and percent watercontent shall also be part of the record. If the processingaddition is
31、an inorganic solid, the allowable ranges of chemicalanalysis of the addition shall also be part of the record.4.2.1 The specific gravity, run in accordance with 7.1.1 shallbe within 60.05 units of the value reported in 4.2.4.2.2 The chemical analysis in 7.2.1 shall be within theranges given in 4.2.4
32、.3 Processing additions shall be evaluated by comparingcements containing the addition to otherwise identical cementsfrom the same source without the addition, or containing aprocessing addition which has been shown to comply with thisspecification using control cements without any additions,hereina
33、fter designated the “control” cement.4.4 The amount of the processing addition to be intergroundwith the cement for evaluation purposes shall be determined bythe sponsor of the addition.4.4.1 The amount of the addition in the cement containingthe addition and showing compliance with the requirements
34、 ofthis specification shall be determined quantitatively by meansof the quantitative determination required by 4.2.4.4.2 The amount of addition, so determined, shall be usedto state the amount of addition that shows compliance with thisspecification.4.4.3 When tests on cements containing the additio
35、n showcompliance with the requirements of this specification, theaddition in cement may be used in any amount up to themaximum amount showing compliance.4.5 The cement produced for evaluation purposes with theprocessing addition shall comply with the appropriate Speci-fications C150, C845, C1157,orC
36、595, except that it containsC465 102the addition under test. The effect of the addition on theproperties of the cement shall also be within the followinglimits:4.5.1 The percentage of water by mass of cement requiredfor normal consistency of cement containing the addition shallnot exceed that requir
37、ed by the corresponding control cementby more than 1.0. For those cements not limited to a fixedwater requirement, the percentage of water by mass of cementrequired for standard consistency of the mortar used forstrength determinations as described in 4.5.4 shall not beincreased by more than 2.0 by
38、the addition over that requiredfor the control cement.4.5.2 The time of setting of cement containing the additionshall not vary from the time of setting of the correspondingcontrol cement by more than1hor50%,whichever is thelesser.4.5.3 The autoclave expansion of cement containing theaddition, expre
39、ssed as a percentage change in length, shall benot more than 0.10 greater than that of the correspondingcontrol cement.4.5.4 The compressive strength of mortar cubes made withcement containing the addition, in accordance with TestMethod C109/C109M, and tested at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days for alltypes, sh
40、all be compared with strengths obtained with thecontrol cement at similar ages. The grand average of theseindividual strength percentages shall be not less than 95 % ofthe control cement values. It is required that cubes forcompanion cements be made and tested on the same days, withstorage of specim
41、ens side by side in the same section of themoist cabinet during the 24-h curing period. Retesting ofcompanion cements on the same, or a following, day isrequired in order to provide six, rather than three, test speci-mens for each cement and age of test.4.5.5 The ultimate drying shrinkage (percent)
42、of mortarmade with cement containing the addition shall not be morethan 0.025 greater than that of similar mortar made with thecorresponding control cement when tested in accordance withTest Method C596.4.5.6 The compressive strength of the concrete made withcement containing the addition shall be c
43、ompared withstrengths obtained with the control cement at similar ages. Thegrand average of these individual strength percentages shall benot less than 90 % of the values for the control cement.4.5.7 The flexural strength of concrete made with cementcontaining the addition shall be compared with str
44、engthsobtained with the control cement at similar ages. The grandaverage of these individual strength percentages shall be notless than 90 % of the values for the control cement.4.5.8 The amount of air-entraining addition required toproduce 19 6 3 % air in the mortar test made in accordancewith Test
45、 Method C185, with the cement containing theaddition under test, shall be not greater than 120 % of theamount required to produce, within 61 %, the air contentobtained with the control cement. The air-entraining additionused shall meet the requirements of Specification C226.4.6 Processing additions
46、which provide maximum effects asgrinding aids or pack set inhibitors may increase cementflowability to a point where mill retention time is reducedsufficiently to affect significantly the particle size distributionof the resulting cement and its physical-chemical properties.Mill retention times are
47、controllable by mechanical means infull-scale grinding mills. Hence, the true physical-chemicaleffects of the test additive may be determined for acceptancepurposes by making supplementary laboratory or pilot-millgrinds, in instances where full-scale tests have shown millretention time reductions to
48、 have significant effects on theproperties of the resulting cement.4.7 In the event that the effect of the addition on theproperties of cement are determined on the basis of laboratoryor pilot mill grinds, this fact shall be entered in the reportspecified in Section 13, and the specific tests shall
49、be indicated.5. Sampling Cement5.1 Samples of the plant-ground cement shall be taken fromthe product stream during grinding. Prior to the start ofsampling a given lot of cement, the mill shall have run for 4 hor long enough to have reached equilibrium under the generalconditions that are to govern during the sampling period.NOTE 1Records should be kept as to the rate and continuity of feed ofthe addition, the form in which the addition is used, strength of solution(if applicable), magnitude of circulating loads, mill discharge temperature,and feed rate of clinker and gy
