1、Designation: C465 10C465 16Standard Specification forProcessing Additions for Use in the Manufactureof Hydraulic Cements1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C465; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification pertains to the criteria and tests to be used for determining whether a(n) organic or inor
3、ganic processingaddition, when used in the recommended amount at the option of the cement producer in the manufacture of hydraulic cements,meets the requirements as prescribed by definition in Specifications C150, C1157, C845, and C595. The materials listed in thefollowing former ASTM Specifications
4、 shall be considered as meeting the organic processing additions requirements of thisspecification:C150 62, for Portland CementC205 58 T, for Portland Blast-Furnace Slag CementC340 58 T, for Portland Pozzolan CementC358 58, for Slag Cement1.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
5、test methods described in this specification. This standard does notpurport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
6、limitations prior to use.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Conc
7、rete SpecimensC78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Specimens)C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic CementC115 Test Method for
8、 Fineness of Portland Cement by the TurbidimeterC138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC150 Specification for Portland CementC151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic C
9、ementC173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement MortarC187 Test Method for Amount of Water Required for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement PasteC191 Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Ce
10、ment by Vicat NeedleC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the LaboratoryC204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air-Permeability ApparatusC205 Specification for Portland Blast-Furnace Cement; Replaced by C 595 (Withdrawn 1967)3C226 Specification for Air-E
11、ntraining Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic CementC231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure MethodC293 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam With Center-Point Loading)1 This specification is under the jurisdic
12、tion of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.20 on Additions.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2010April 15, 2016. Published March 2010April 2016. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 20092010 asC46509. 10. DOI: 10.1520/C0465-10.1
13、0.1520/C0465-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historica
14、l standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, AST
15、M recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
16、Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C340 Specification for Corkboard Thermal Insulation; Replaced by C 640 (Withdrawn 1967)3C358 Specification for Slag Cement; Replaced by C 595 (Withdrawn 1967)3C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC596 Test Method for Drying Shrinka
17、ge of Mortar Containing Hydraulic CementC617 Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC845 Specification for Expansive Hydraulic CementC1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementD891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of Liquid Industrial ChemicalsE203 Test Method for Wa
18、ter Using Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration3. Materials3.1 Cements:3.1.1 In cases where it is desired that the proposed organic processing addition be accepted for general use in portland cement,tests shall be made on cements prepared from at least five different clinkers.As a minimum, these clinker
19、s shall represent two TypeI cements containing not less than 9.0 % C3A, one Type II cement, and two Type III cements, all conforming to Specification C150.3.1.2 In cases where it is also desired that the proposed organic processing addition be used in blended cements, the test andtest procedures sha
20、ll be as specified with a control and an addition for cement conforming to the appropriate Specification C595or C1157.3.1.3 Organic processing additions which have been shown to meet the requirements of this specification may also be used incements conforming to Specification C845. Testing of the ad
21、dition with these special cements, where desired, shall be done usingthe tests and test procedures as specified with a control cement and a cement containing the addition, both conforming toSpecification C845.3.1.4 In cases where it is desired that the proposed organic processing addition be limited
22、 in use to specific types of cement lessin number than required in 3.1.1, the tests and test procedures shall be as specified, and at least two pairs of cements shall beprepared from two clinkers from different plants for each type under specific consideration.3.1.5 For inorganic processing addition
23、s, or in cases where it is desired that the proposed organic processing addition be limitedin use to a single plant, the tests and test procedures shall be as specified and at least two pairs of cements shall be prepared fromclinker representing each type under specific consideration.3.1.6 The two c
24、ompanion cements to be made from any one clinker shall be ground to the same fineness within 7 m2/kg whentested in accordance with Test Method C115 or within 13 m2/kg when tested in accordance with Test Method C204, and the SO3content, expressed as a percentage of the cement mass and reported to the
25、 nearest 0.01 %, shall differ by not more than 0.3, so asto afford comparable samples for indicating the effect of the addition on the cement. Each control cement shall comply with allrequirements in the specification applicable to that type of cement, and shall not contain the proposed addition whe
26、n tested by themethod furnished by the producer or seller of the addition.NOTE 1The companion cements for comparison include a sample of the control cement not containing the processing addition and a sample of thecement containing the processing addition.3.1.7 The percentage of each of the followin
27、g shall be determined for each lot of cement tested: silicon dioxide (SiO2),aluminum oxide (Al2O3), ferric oxide (Fe2O3), calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), sulfur trioxide (SO3), ignition loss,insoluble residue, sodium oxide (Na2O), and potassium oxide (K2O). There shall also be calculated
28、 the potential percentages ofthe following compounds: tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and tetracalcium aluminoferrite. Determi-nations for the percentage of the addition shall be made, both on the control cements and on those with which the addition wasinterground, usi
29、ng the method proposed therefore by the sponsor.3.2 AggregatesThe fine and coarse aggregates shall comply with Specification C33; the coarse aggregate shall comply withthe grading requirements for Size No. 57 or Size No. 67. A sufficient quantity from a single lot of coarse aggregate and from asingl
30、e lot of fine aggregate shall be provided to complete all tests. To prevent the segregation of particle sizes in the fine aggregate,a single lot of sand sufficient for all tests shall either (1) be separated on the 4.75-mm (No. 4), 1.18-mm (No. 16), 300 m (No.50), and 150 m (No. 100) sieves and then
31、 be recombined in the required quantity for each batch; or (2) be blended while in adamp condition, and maintained in that condition for the duration of the tests. Under option (2), lots of appropriate size for singlemortar and concrete batches shall be carefully split or quartered from the entire b
32、atch.4. General Requirements4.1 Processing additions shall conform to the respective requirements in this specification.4.2 The trade name, source, character of the material, and means for the quantitative determination of the addition in the finishedcement shall be furnished by the sponsor, manufac
33、turer, or supplier of the addition, and the information shall form a part of therecord of tests of the addition. If the processing addition is a liquid, the specific gravity and percent water content shall also bepart of the record. If the processing addition is an inorganic solid, the allowable ran
34、ges of chemical analysis of the addition shallalso be part of the record.C465 1624.2.1 The specific gravity, run in accordance with 7.1.1 shall be within 60.05 units of the value reported in 4.2.4.2.2 The chemical analysis in 7.2.1 shall be within the ranges given in 4.2.4.3 Processing additions sha
35、ll be evaluated by comparing cements containing the addition to otherwise identical cements fromthe same source without the addition, or containing a processing addition which has been shown to comply with this specificationusing control cements without any additions, hereinafter designated the “con
36、trol” cement.4.4 The amount of the processing addition to be interground with the cement for evaluation purposes shall be determined bythe sponsor of the addition.4.4.1 The amount of the addition in the cement containing the addition and showing compliance with the requirements of thisspecification
37、shall be determined quantitatively by means of the quantitative determination required by 4.2.4.4.2 The amount of addition, so determined, shall be used to state the amount of addition that shows compliance with thisspecification.4.4.3 When tests on cements containing the addition show compliance wi
38、th the requirements of this specification, the additionin cement may be used in any amount up to the maximum amount showing compliance.4.5 The cement produced for evaluation purposes with the processing addition shall comply with the appropriate SpecificationsC150, C845, C1157, or C595, except that
39、it contains the addition under test. The effect of the addition on the properties of thecement shall also be within the following limits:4.5.1 The percentage of water by mass of cement required for normal consistency of cement containing the addition shall notexceed that required by the correspondin
40、g control cement by more than 1.0. For those cements not limited to a fixed waterrequirement, the percentage of water by mass of cement required for standard consistency of the mortar used for strengthdeterminations as described in 4.5.4 shall not be increased by more than 2.0 by the addition over t
41、hat required for the controlcement.4.5.2 The time of setting of cement containing the addition shall not vary from the time of setting of the corresponding controlcement by more than 1 h or 50 %, whichever is the lesser.4.5.3 The autoclave expansion of cement containing the addition, expressed as a
42、percentage change in length, shall be not morethan 0.10 greater than that of the corresponding control cement.4.5.4 The compressive strength of mortar cubes made with cement containing the addition, in accordance with Test MethodC109/C109M, and tested at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days for all types, shall be
43、compared with strengths obtained with the control cementat similar ages. The grand average of these individual strength percentages shall be not less than 95 % of the control cement values.It is required that cubes for companion cements be made and tested on the same days, with storage of specimens
44、side by side inthe same section of the moist cabinet during the 24-h curing period. Retesting of companion cements on the same, or a following,day is required in order to provide six, rather than three, test specimens for each cement and age of test.4.5.5 The ultimate drying shrinkage (percent) of m
45、ortar made with cement containing the addition shall not be more than 0.025greater than that of similar mortar made with the corresponding control cement when tested in accordance with Test Method C596.4.5.6 The compressive strength of the concrete made with cement containing the addition shall be c
46、ompared with strengthsobtained with the control cement at similar ages. The grand average of these individual strength percentages shall be not less than90 % of the values for the control cement.4.5.7 The flexural strength of concrete made with cement containing the addition shall be compared with s
47、trengths obtained withthe control cement at similar ages. The grand average of these individual strength percentages shall be not less than 90 % of thevalues for the control cement.4.5.8 The amount of air-entraining addition required to produce 19 6 3 % air in the mortar test made in accordance with
48、 TestMethod C185, with the cement containing the addition under test, shall be not greater than 120 % of the amount required toproduce, within 61 %, the air content obtained with the control cement. The air-entraining addition used shall meet therequirements of Specification C226.4.6 Processing addi
49、tions which provide maximum effects as grinding aids or pack set inhibitors may increase cement flowabilityto a point where mill retention time is reduced sufficiently to affect significantly the particle size distribution of the resulting cementand its physical-chemical properties. Mill retention times are controllable by mechanical means in full-scale grinding mills. Hence,the true physical-chemical effects of the test additive may be determined for acceptance purposes by making supplementarylaboratory or pilot-mill grinds, in instances where full-scale tests have
