1、Designation: C473 12C473 15Standard Test Methods forPhysical Testing of Gypsum Panel Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*Scope1.1 These test methods cover the physical testing of gypsum panel products.1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:SectionFl
3、exural Strength (Method A) 7Core, End and Edge Hardness (Method A) 8Nail Pull Resistance (Method A) 9Flexural Strength (Method B) 11Core, End and Edge Hardness (Method B) 12Nail Pull Resistance (Method B) 13Humidified Deflection 14End Squareness 15Nominal Thickness 16Recessed- or Tapered Edge Depth
4、17Width 18Length 19Water Resistance of Core-Treated Water-RepellentGypsum Panel Products 20Surface Water Resistance of Gypsum Panel Productswith Water-Repellent Surfaces 211.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconver
5、sions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 The text of these test methods references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes,excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of th
6、ese test methods.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.
7、2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C11 Terminology Relating to Gypsum and Related Building Materials and SystemsE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Stu
8、dy to Determine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 Other Standards:3TAPPI T441 Water Absorptiveness of Sized (Non-Bibulous) Paper, Paperboard, and Corrugated Fiberboard (Cobb Test)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions used in these test methods are in accordance with Terminology C11.3.2 Definitions of Terms
9、Specific to This Standard:1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C11 on Gypsum and Related Building Materials and Systems and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee C11.01 on Specifications and Test Methods for Gypsum Products.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012Ma
10、y 15, 2015. Published October 2012June 2015. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 20102012 asC473C473 12.10. DOI: 10.1520/C0473-12.10.1520/C0473-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For A
11、nnual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI), 15 Technology Parkway South, Norcross, GA 30092, http:/www.tappi.org.This document is not an ASTM standard a
12、nd is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only
13、 the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.1 edge, nthe paper
14、-bound edge, or long edge, as manufactured.3.2.2 ends, nthe end perpendicular to the paper-bound edge or long edge.3.2.3 Test Uncertainty Ratio (TUR),n(tolerance of measure) / (precision of the standard measuring instrument)4. Sampling4.1 For use in these test methods, a sample shall consist of not
15、less than 0.25 % of the number of gypsum panel products ina shipment, but not less than three gypsum panel products. Test specimens shall be taken from the sample lot as indicated in eachmethod.5. Conditioning5.1 Condition specimens to constant weight at a temperature of 85 6 15 F 15F (29.5 6 8.5 C)
16、 8.5C) and relative humidityof 50 6 2 % (Note 1). Test specimens individually after constant weight is reached and within 10 min upon removal from theconditioning chamber.NOTE 1Laboratory test results indicated that conditioning temperatures may range from 70 to 100 F 100F (21 to 38 C) 38C) without
17、significantlyaffecting the results. However, relative humidity is critical. This is the reason for testing specimens within 10 min upon removal from the conditioningchamber.Method AConstant Rate of LoadingINTRODUCTIONThe following procedures are applicable to so-called “shot machines” that utilize l
18、ead or steel shot that applies a load to thespecimen at a constant stress rate or any other device that applies the load at a constant stress rate.6. ApparatusMethod A6.1 Testing MachineApply the test load at a uniform rate of 1 lbf/s (4.45 N/s) 610 %. Apply the load with a deviceindependent of manu
19、al control of the rate of loading during an individual sample test (see Fig. 1). The deformation of the specimencontrols the cross head speed.7. Flexural Strength (Method A)7.1 Summary of Test MethodFlexural properties of gypsum panel products are evaluated by supporting the specimen near theends an
20、d applying a transverse load midway between the supports.7.2 Significance and UseThis test method covers a procedure for evaluating the ability of gypsum panel products to withstandflexural stresses during handling or use of the material. This test method is used to determine compliance with gypsum
21、panelproduct specifications. The degree of correlation between this test and service performance has not been fully determined.7.3 ApparatusSee Section 6.1.7.3.1 Specimen SupportsAll specimen bearing supports and load surfaces shall be true, shall engage the full width of the testspecimen, shall be
22、of such strength they will not deform under the test load, and shall be rounded to a radius of 0.125 in. (3.2 mm).The specimen supports shall be spaced 14 6 0.016 in. (356 6 0.41 mm) on centers measured at the points of surface contact withthe specimen. The supports shall be attached to a plate that
23、 shall be rigidly attached to the test apparatus. The supports shall beparallel to each other and perpendicular to the long dimension of the test specimen. The bearing surface of the end supports shallbe on the same plane to ensure contact along the entire bearing surfaces. Supports shall be not les
24、s than 12 in. (305 mm) in length.When a load is being applied, the loading bar shall be in contact with the full width of the specimen. The load-bearing surface shallbe parallel to the bearing surface of the specimen supports. The specimen and supports shall be located so that the vertical axisthrou
25、gh the center of the load-bearing surface passes through the specimen at one half of the specimen width and one half of thedistance between the supports.7.4 SamplingSampling shall be in accordance with Section 4.FIG. 1 Apparatus Schematic for Core, End, and Edge Hardness TestC473 1527.5 Test Specime
26、ns:7.5.1 Cut four specimens, each 12 in. (305 mm) by approximately 16 in. (406 mm) from each gypsum panel product in thesample, two having the 16-in. dimension parallel to the edge and two having the 16-in. dimension perpendicular to the edge. Cutthe specimens not less than 4 in. (102 mm) away from
27、the ends and edges of the gypsum panel product except where the productis 24-in. or less in width, where it is impossible to do so.7.5.2 Condition specimens in accordance with Section 5.7.6 Procedure:7.6.1 Use the apparatus in 7.3, supporting each specimen centrally on the fixed parallel bearings, 1
28、4-in. (356 mm) on centers,and apply the load on a similar bearing midway between the supports. Position perforated gypsum lath so the load is not appliedover perforations.7.6.2 For specimens with the long dimension parallel to the edge, test one specimen from each gypsum panel product face upand the
29、 other face down. For specimens with the long dimension perpendicular to the edge, test one specimen from each gypsumpanel product face up and the other face down.7.6.3 For gypsum panel products with surfacing material, the load is determined at the time of transverse failure of the surfacingmateria
30、l and core through the thickness of the specimen. The specimens shall not show a break in the bond between the surfacingand the core before transverse failure of the gypsum panel product. If a single specimen fails, test two additional specimens fromthe same sample, and, if either one of the two spe
31、cimen fail, the sample has failed. For gypsum panel products without surfacingmaterial, the load is determined at the time of transverse failure through the thickness of the specimen.7.7 ReportCalculate and report the average breaking load in pound-force or newtons for each test condition, rounded t
32、o thenearest 1 lbf (N). The test conditions are: (1) parallel, face up; (2) parallel, face down; (3) perpendicular, face up; and, (4)perpendicular, face down.7.8 Precision and BiasSee Section 22 and Tables 1 and 2.8. Core, End, and Edge Hardness (Method A)8.1 Summary of Test MethodThe core, end, and
33、 edge hardness of gypsum panel products is evaluated by determining the forcerequired to push a steel punch into the area of test.8.2 Significance and UseThis test method covers a procedure for evaluating the ability of the gypsum panel product core,ends, and edges to resist crushing during handling
34、 or use of the material. This test method is used to determine compliance withgypsum panel product specifications. The degree of correlation between these test methods and service performance has not beendetermined.8.3 ApparatusSee 6.1. Clamp or secure the specimen to the base of the test apparatus
35、shown in Fig. 1 with the face of thespecimen perpendicular to the base of the test apparatus and parallel to the movement of the steel punch. Secure the steel punchto the moving head of the test apparatus, positioned so that its center axis is parallel with the line of travel and so that the punchis
36、 inserted into the core equidistant from the surfaces of the specimen. Use a steel punch 0.099 6 0.003 in. (2.515 6 0.076 mm)in diameter and more than 12 in. (12.7 mm) long with the bearing surface machined to a 90 angle in reference to the punch centerline (see Fig. 1 for test setup schematic).8.4
37、SamplingSampling shall be in accordance with Section 4.8.5 Test Specimens:8.5.1 Specimens for Core HardnessUsing a table or band saw, cut one specimen from the center of each gypsum panel productsample approximately 12 by not less than 3 in. (305 by 76 mm), with the 12-in. dimension perpendicular to
38、 the edges of theproducts. The smaller, not less than 3 in., dimension will vary depending on the specific punch length and opening in the testingmachines. Place the sample in the tester, with the loading arm in a horizontal position and with the punch resting on the specimen.Saw cuts along the 12-i
39、n. dimension shall be smooth and square with the smaller (not less than 3-in.) dimension, as well as withthe specimen.TABLE 1 Parallel Flexural Strength, Method B (lbf) 5 Labs / 81 Data PointsPanel AverageAStandardDeviation ofthe SampleAveragesRepeatabilityStandardDeviationReproducibilityStandardDev
40、iationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityLimit s sr sR r RA 49.4871 6.3911 11.9766 12.6641 33.5344 35.4593B 85.2847 5.4871 16.3279 16.3279 45.7180 45.7180C 35.6045 4.3757 6.3969 7.2970 17.9112 20.4316A The average of the laboratories calculated averages.C473 1538.5.2 Specimens for End HardnessCut spec
41、imens the same size and method as described in 8.5.1 from one mill-cut end ofthe gypsum panel product, with the 12-in. (305-mm) (305 mm) dimension perpendicular to the edges and run tests only on themill-cut end of the specimens.8.5.3 Specimens for Edge HardnessCut specimens the same size and method
42、 as described in 8.5.1 from the opposite edgesof each gypsum panel product, with the 12 in. (305 mm) dimension of the specimens parallel with the edges. For gypsum panelproducts with surfacing material, cut a 14 to 12-in. (6 to 13-mm) 13 mm) strip of surfacing material from the edge of the testspeci
43、mens exposing the core for test. Remove as little of the core as possible when removing the surfacing material. Prepare thefirst test area 2 6 12 in. (51 6 13 mm) from one edge of the specimen, with the next two test areas approximately 4 in. 4 in. (102mm) apart.8.5.4 Condition specimens in accordan
44、ce with Section 5.8.6 ProcedureUsing the apparatus in 8.3, clamp or secure the specimen in a fixed vertical position on its 12 in. (305 mm)dimension edge (see Fig. 1 for test setup schematic. If necessary, modify the flexural strength test equipment to conduct the core,end, and edge hardness test).
45、Place this test surface not less than 1 in. (25 mm) above the grip of the specimen holder. Conductthree tests spaced approximately 4 in. 4 in. (102 mm) apart on each specimen, with the first test area 2 6 12 in. (51 6 13 mm)from one edge of the specimen. Position the steel punch over the test area a
46、nd apply the load. Report as the core, end, or edgehardness the load required to push the steel punch a distance of 12 in. (13 mm) into the core of the specimen.8.6.1 Procedure for Core HardnessTest in 3three locations on either of the 12-in. (305-mm) (305 mm) saw cut edges of eachspecimen.8.6.2 Pro
47、cedure for End HardnessTest in 3three locations on the 12-in. (305-mm) (305 mm) mill-cut end of each specimen.8.6.3 Procedure for Edge HardnessTest in 3three locations along each of the two 12-in. (305-mm) (305 mm) edges. Forproducts with surfacing material, test where the surfacing material has bee
48、n removed.8.7 ReportReport the core, end, and edge hardness individually as the average load in pounds-force or newtons rounded tothe nearest 1 lbf (N). Discard any single test value that varies from the average by more than 15 % and repeat the test on the samesample to obtain a new value.8.8 Precis
49、ion and BiasSee Section 22 and Tables 3-5.9. Nail Pull Resistance (Method A)9.1 Summary of Test MethodThe ability of gypsum panel products to resist nail pull-through is evaluated by determining theload required to push a standard nail head through the product.9.2 Significance and UseThis test method covers a procedure for evaluating the ability of gypsum panel products to resist nailpull-through by determining the load required to force a standard nail head through the product. This test method is used todetermine compliance wi
