1、Designation: C473 17Standard Test Methods forPhysical Testing of Gypsum Panel Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover the physical testing of gypsumpanel products.1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:SectionFlexural Streng
3、th (Method A) 7Core, End and Edge Hardness (Method A) 8Nail Pull Resistance (Method A) 9Flexural Strength (Method B) 11Core, End and Edge Hardness (Method B) 12Nail Pull Resistance (Method B) 13Humidified Deflection 14End Squareness 15Nominal Thickness 16Recessed- or Tapered Edge Depth 17Width 18Len
4、gth 19Water Resistance of Core-Treated Water-RepellentGypsum Panel Products 20Surface Water Resistance of Gypsum Panel Productswith Water-Repellent Surfaces 211.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard with the exception of weight of samples in SI gramunits. The values g
5、iven in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 The text of these test methods references notes andfootnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes andfootnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall
6、 not beconsidered as requirements of these test methods.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine
7、the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations is
8、sued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C11 Terminology Relating to Gypsum and Related BuildingMaterials and SystemsE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision a
9、nd Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 Other Standards:3TAPPI T441 Water Absorptiveness of Sized (Non-Bibulous)Paper, Paperboard, and Corrugated Fiberboard (CobbTest)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions used in these te
10、st methods are in accordancewith Terminology C11.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 edge, nthe paper-bound edge, or long edge, asmanufactured.3.2.2 ends, nthe end perpendicular to the paper-boundedge or long edge.3.2.3 Test Uncertainty Ratio (TUR),n(tolerance of mea-sure) / (pr
11、ecision of the standard measuring instrument)4. Sampling4.1 For use in these test methods, a sample shall consist ofnot less than 0.25 % of the number of gypsum panel productsin a shipment, but not less than three gypsum panel products.Test specimens shall be taken from the sample lot as indicatedin
12、 each method.5. Conditioning5.1 Condition specimens to constant weight at a temperatureof 85 6 15F (29.5 6 8.5C) and relative humidity of 50 61These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C11 onGypsum and Related Building Materials and Systems and are the direct responsi-bility of
13、 Subcommittee C11.01 on Specifications and Test Methods for GypsumProducts.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C473 16. DOI:10.1520/C0473-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.a
14、stm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI),15 Technology Parkway South, Norcross, GA 300
15、92, http:/www.tappi.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles
16、 on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.12% (Note 1). Test specimens individually after constantweight is reached and wit
17、hin 10 min upon removal from theconditioning chamber.NOTE 1Laboratory test results indicated that conditioning tempera-tures may range from 70 to 100F (21 to 38C) without significantlyaffecting the results. However, relative humidity is critical. This is thereason for testing specimens within 10 min
18、 upon removal from theconditioning chamber.Method AConstant Rate of LoadingINTRODUCTIONThe following procedures are applicable to so-called “shotmachines” that utilize lead or steel shot that applies a load tothe specimen at a constant stress rate or any other device thatapplies the load at a consta
19、nt stress rate.6. ApparatusMethod A6.1 Testing MachineApply the test load at a uniform rateof 1 lbf/s (4.45 N/s) 610 %. Apply the load with a deviceindependent of manual control of the rate of loading during anindividual sample test (see Fig. 1). The deformation of thespecimen controls the cross hea
20、d speed.7. Flexural Strength (Method A)7.1 Summary of Test MethodFlexural properties of gyp-sum panel products are evaluated by supporting the specimennear the ends and applying a transverse load midway betweenthe supports.7.2 Significance and UseThis test method covers a proce-dure for evaluating t
21、he ability of gypsum panel products towithstand flexural stresses during handling or use of thematerial. This test method is used to determine compliancewith gypsum panel product specifications. The degree ofcorrelation between this test and service performance has notbeen fully determined.7.3 Appar
22、atusSee 6.1.7.3.1 Specimen SupportsAll specimen bearing supportsand load surfaces shall be true, shall engage the full width ofthe test specimen, shall be of such strength they will notdeform under the test load, and shall be rounded to a radius of0.125 in. (3.2 mm). The specimen supports shall be s
23、paced 146 0.016 in. (356 6 0.41 mm) on centers measured at the pointsof surface contact with the specimen. The supports shall beattached to a plate that shall be rigidly attached to the testapparatus. The supports shall be parallel to each other andperpendicular to the long dimension of the test spe
24、cimen. Thebearing surface of the end supports shall be on the same planeto ensure contact along the entire bearing surfaces. Supportsshall be not less than 12 in. (305 mm) in length. When a loadis being applied, the loading bar shall be in contact with the fullwidth of the specimen. The load-bearing
25、 surface shall beparallel to the bearing surface of the specimen supports. Thespecimen and supports shall be located so that the vertical axisthrough the center of the load-bearing surface passes throughthe specimen at one half of the specimen width and one half ofthe distance between the supports.7
26、.4 SamplingSampling shall be in accordance with Sec-tion 4.7.5 Test Specimens:7.5.1 Cut four specimens, each 12 in. (305 mm) by approxi-mately 16 in. (406 mm) from each gypsum panel product in thesample, two having the 16-in. dimension parallel to the edgeand two having the 16-in. dimension perpendi
27、cular to the edge.Cut the specimens not less than 4 in. (102 mm) away from theends and edges of the gypsum panel product except where theproduct is 24-in. or less in width, where it is impossible to doso.7.5.2 Condition specimens in accordance with Section 5.7.6 Procedure:7.6.1 Use the apparatus in
28、7.3, supporting each specimencentrally on the fixed parallel bearings, 14-in. (356 mm) oncenters, and apply the load on a similar bearing midwaybetween the supports. Position perforated gypsum lath so theload is not applied over perforations.7.6.2 For specimens with the long dimension parallel to th
29、eedge, test one specimen from each gypsum panel product faceup and the other face down. For specimens with the longdimension perpendicular to the edge, test one specimen fromeach gypsum panel product face up and the other face down.7.6.3 For gypsum panel products with surfacing material,the load is
30、determined at the time of transverse failure of thesurfacing material and core through the thickness of thespecimen. The specimens shall not show a break in the bondbetween the surfacing and the core before transverse failure ofFIG. 1 Apparatus Schematic for Core, End, and Edge Hardness TestC473 172
31、the gypsum panel product. If a single specimen fails, test twoadditional specimens from the same sample, and, if either oneof the two specimen fail, the sample has failed. For gypsumpanel products without surfacing material, the load is deter-mined at the time of transverse failure through the thick
32、ness ofthe specimen.7.7 ReportCalculate and report the average breaking loadin pound-force or newtons for each test condition, rounded tothe nearest 1 lbf (N). The test conditions are: (1) parallel, faceup; (2) parallel, face down; (3) perpendicular, face up; and, (4)perpendicular, face down.7.8 Pre
33、cision and BiasSee Section 22 and Tables 1 and 2.8. Core, End, and Edge Hardness (Method A)8.1 Summary of Test MethodThe core, end, and edgehardness of gypsum panel products is evaluated by determiningthe force required to push a steel punch into the area of test.8.2 Significance and UseThis test me
34、thod covers a proce-dure for evaluating the ability of the gypsum panel productcore, ends, and edges to resist crushing during handling or useof the material. This test method is used to determine compli-ance with gypsum panel product specifications. The degree ofcorrelation between these test metho
35、ds and service perfor-mance has not been determined.8.3 ApparatusSee 6.1. Clamp or secure the specimen tothe base of the test apparatus shown in Fig. 1 with the face ofthe specimen perpendicular to the base of the test apparatus andparallel to the movement of the steel punch. Secure the steelpunch t
36、o the moving head of the test apparatus, positioned sothat its center axis is parallel with the line of travel and so thatthe punch is inserted into the core equidistant from the surfacesof the specimen. Use a steel punch 0.099 6 0.003 in. (2.515 60.076 mm) in diameter and more than12 in. (12.7 mm)
37、longwith the bearing surface machined to a 90 angle in referenceto the punch center line (see Fig. 1 for test setup schematic).8.4 SamplingSampling shall be in accordance with Sec-tion 4.8.5 Test Specimens:8.5.1 Specimens for Core HardnessUsing a table or bandsaw, cut one specimen from the center of
38、 each gypsum panelproduct sample approximately 12 by not less than 3 in. (305 by76 mm), with the 12-in. dimension perpendicular to the edgesof the products. The smaller, not less than 3 in., dimension willvary depending on the specific punch length and opening in thetesting machines. Place the sampl
39、e in the tester, with theloading arm in a horizontal position and with the punch restingon the specimen. Saw cuts along the 12-in. dimension shall besmooth and square with the smaller (not less than 3-in.)dimension, as well as with the specimen.8.5.2 Specimens for End HardnessCut specimens thesame s
40、ize and method as described in 8.5.1 from one mill-cutend of the gypsum panel product, with the 12-in. (305 mm)dimension perpendicular to the edges and run tests only on themill-cut end of the specimens.8.5.3 Specimens for Edge HardnessCut specimens thesame size and method as described in 8.5.1 from
41、 the oppositeedges of each gypsum panel product, with the 12 in. (305 mm)dimension of the specimens parallel with the edges. Forgypsum panel products with surfacing material, cut a14 to12-in. (6 to 13 mm) strip of surfacing material from the edge ofthe test specimens exposing the core for test. Remo
42、ve as littleof the core as possible when removing the surfacing material.Prepare the first test area 2 612 in. (51 6 13 mm) from oneedge of the specimen, with the next two test areas approxi-mately 4 in. (102 mm) apart.8.5.4 Condition specimens in accordance with Section 5.8.6 ProcedureUsing the app
43、aratus in 8.3, clamp or securethe specimen in a fixed vertical position on its 12 in. (305 mm)dimension edge (see Fig. 1 for test setup schematic. Ifnecessary, modify the flexural strength test equipment toconduct the core, end, and edge hardness test). Place this testsurface not less than 1 in. (25
44、 mm) above the grip of thespecimen holder. Conduct three tests spaced approximately4 in. (102 mm) apart on each specimen, with the first test area2 612 in. (51 6 13 mm) from one edge of the specimen.Position the steel punch over the test area and apply the load.Report as the core, end, or edge hardn
45、ess the load required topush the steel punch a distance of12 in. (13 mm) into the coreof the specimen.8.6.1 Procedure for Core HardnessTest in three locationson either of the 12-in. (305 mm) saw cut edges of eachspecimen.8.6.2 Procedure for End HardnessTest in three locationson the 12-in. (305 mm) m
46、ill-cut end of each specimen.8.6.3 Procedure for Edge HardnessTest in three locationsalong each of the two 12-in. (305 mm) edges. For productswith surfacing material, test where the surfacing material hasbeen removed.8.7 ReportReport the core, end, and edge hardness indi-vidually as the average load
47、 in pounds-force or newtonsrounded to the nearest 1 lbf (N). Discard any single test valuethat varies from the average by more than 15 % and repeat thetest on the same sample to obtain a new value.TABLE 1 Parallel Flexural Strength, Method B (lbf) 5 Labs / 81 Data PointsPanel AverageAStandardDeviati
48、on ofthe SampleAveragesRepeatabilityStandardDeviationReproducibilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityLimitssrsRrRA 49.4871 6.3911 11.9766 12.6641 33.5344 35.4593B 85.2847 5.4871 16.3279 16.3279 45.7180 45.7180C 35.6045 4.3757 6.3969 7.2970 17.9112 20.4316AThe average of the laborato
49、ries calculated averages.C473 1738.8 Precision and BiasSee Section 22 and Tables 3-5.9. Nail Pull Resistance (Method A)9.1 Summary of Test MethodThe ability of gypsum panelproducts to resist nail pull-through is evaluated by determiningthe load required to push a standard nail head through theproduct.9.2 Significance and UseThis test method covers a proce-dure for evaluating the ability of gypsum panel products toresist nail pull-through by determining the load required toforce a standard nail head through the product. This testmethod
