1、Designation: C501 84 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method forRelative Resistance to Wear of Unglazed Ceramic Tile bythe Taber Abraser1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C501; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method2covers the establishment of an abra-sive wear index by determination of the los
3、s of weight resultingfrom abrasion of unglazed ceramic tile. It is applicable to tiledescribed in Definitions C242.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyan
4、d are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitation
5、s prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and RelatedProducts2.2 Federal Specification:SS-T308b Tile, Floor, Wall, and Trim Units, Ceramic43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, seeTerminology C242
6、.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of mounting the tile specimensin suitable holders, attaching the mounted holders to thespindle of the Taber Abraser, and subjecting the specimens toa prescribed number of revolutions under abrasive wheels ofspecified coarseness and under a defi
7、nite applied load. Fromthe loss of weight due to abrasion, the abrasive wear index iscalculated by a given formula.5. Apparatus5.1 Taber Abrading Machine,5equipped with replaceablehard abrasive H-22 Calibrade wheels, which can be loaded byweights.5.2 Vacuum Pick-Up, to remove the abraded material wh
8、ilethe machine is in operation.5.3 Revolution Counter.5.4 Wheel Refacer.55.5 Balance, having a sensitivity of 0.05 g.6. Sampling6.1 Four tile specimens 4 in. (102 mm) square or larger, orif ceramic mosaic tile, sufficient tile for four specimen assem-blies 4 in. square shall constitute a sample and
9、shall be chosen1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on CeramicWhitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC21.06 on Ceramic Tile.Current edition approved May 15, 2009. Published February 2010. Originallypublished as C501 62. Last previo
10、us edition approved in 2002 asC501 80(2002). DOI: 10.1520/C0501-84R09.2This test method is basically the same as the abrasion test given in FederalSpecification SS-T-308b, except two minor changes have been made:(1) The number of specimens required by the test is changed from three to four,so that t
11、he condition of the abrasive wheels used can be specified as new and oncedressed. The diameters of wheels redressed more than once vary greatly andnonuniformly, introducing an unnecessary variation in test results.(2) The bulk specific gravity of the tile tested has been eliminated fromcalculation o
12、f the wear index. The probable resulting maximum error of 212 %inthe wear-index value, when an average is assumed, does not justify the cumbersomedeterminations of bulk specific gravity of the specimen. Measurements of bulkspecific gravities of twenty different unglazed tile from eight different man
13、ufactur-ers, including quarry tile, porcelain tile, natural clay tile and conductive tile showeda range of bulk specific gravity from 2.34 to 2.47, except for that of conductive tilewhich was as high as 2.98. The average of 2.40 was selected as a constant to besubstituted for G in the SS-T-308b form
14、ula to obtain the formula in this test method.Therefore, to obtain the value 88, the constant of 36.75 in the SS-T-308b test hasbeen multipled by 2.40 to keep the wear indexes of both tests on the same numericalscale.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact AST
15、M Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp
16、.daps.mil.5The sole source of supply of the Tabor Abraser and the Model 200 wheelrefacer known to the committee at this time is Teledyne Taber Instrument Corp., 17Goundry St., North Tonawanda, NY 14150 If you are aware of alternativesuppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International He
17、adquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1which you may attend.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.from the lot to be tested. Only tile that show no vi
18、sible warpagewhen checked with a straightedge shall be used.7. Test Specimen7.1 The test specimen shall be 4 in. (102 mm) square and inone piece, if possible. If larger, it should be trimmed down tothe desired size by removing equal amounts on opposite sides.In case of ceramic mosaic tile where seve
19、ral small units mustbe used to obtain a 4-in. square specimen assembly, the smallunits shall be mounted securely on a 4-in. square rigid material,such as a metal plate, by means of a suitable adhesive, and insuch a manner that open joints are eliminated and the tilesurfaces lie in a plane and are pa
20、rallel to the metal plate. Thiscan best be accomplished by placing the small tile units facedown and in direct contact with each other on a true planesurface, such as a piece of plate glass, applying a sufficientlythick layer of adhesive to the 4-in. square metal plate that is toform the support of
21、the assembly, and laying the metal plate onthe tile units with the adhesive down.Apply a weight of at least2 kg and of the same facial dimensions as the metal plate. If theassembly is kept in this position until the adhesive has set, anydifference in thickness of the individual tile units is taken u
22、pbetween the tile and the backing plate and the plane of the faceof the tiles will be parallel with the plane of the metal plate.8. Procedure8.1 Mount the specimen or specimen assembly on thedrive-pin holder by means of a double-sided pressure-sensitivesheet. Cut the pressure-sensitive sheet to appr
23、oximately 3 in.(76 mm) square and center it on the specimen. Determine theweight of the specimen and holder assembly to 60.05 g andrecord this weight.8.2 Alternatively, mount the specimen on the holder bymeans of the center bolt and nut; the specimen must have adrilled hole at its center for this mo
24、unting. If a center boltmounting is used, the specimen may be weighed alone (withoutthe holder) before and after the test. This mounting is recom-mended when heavy specimens plus the weight of the holdermight exceed the capacity of the available balance.8.3 Mount the holder on the spindle of the abr
25、ading machineequipped with H-22 coarse Calibrade wheels, new or freshlydressed once on the wheel refacer (Note 1).Apply a 9.8-N load(Note 2) to each abrasive wheel and carefully swing the wheelsinto position on the specimen. Apply the vacuum pickup to thespecimen by arranging the exhaust nozzle116 t
26、o18 in. (1.5 to3.0 mm) above the specimen.NOTE 1Two sets of new wheels are required for this method. Theyshall each be used new and refaced once. There shall be a total of four1000-cycle runs.NOTE 29.8 N = 1 kgf.8.4 Run the abraser for a total of 1000 cycles, determined byreading the revolution coun
27、ter. Remove the holder with thespecimen and reweigh to 60.05 g.8.5 Repeat this operation for the other three specimens orspecimen assemblies.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the abrasive wear index, Iw, expressed inwhole numbers, as follows:Iw588Wo2 Wf(1)where:Wo= original weight of specimen and holder,
28、g, andWf= final weight of specimen and holder, gNOTE 3If a center bolt mounting has been used, the weight of theholder is eliminated.10. Report10.1 Report the following:10.1.1 Type and size of tile tested,10.1.2 Average abrasive wear index of the four specimenstested, and10.1.3 Abrasive wear index o
29、f each of the four specimenstested.11. Precision and Bias611.1 The following values were determined for the percentcoefficients of variation of this test method on the basis of aninterlaboratory test program.11.1.1 PrecisionThe intralaboratory results were 9% andthe interlaboratory results 10 %.11.1
30、.2 Bias11.1.2.1 No statement of bias can legitimately be derived forthis test method, since no generally accepted reference stan-dard is available for comparison.11.1.2.2 The rate of abrasion is sensitive to relative humid-ity and where possible, test should be run under constanthumidity conditions.
31、 The relationship to humidity is presentlyunder study by Subcommittee C21.06.6Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: RR:C21-1001.C501 84 (2009)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent
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33、any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments
34、 will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by
35、 ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C501 84 (2009)3
