1、Designation: C 505M 05aMETRICStandard Specification forNonreinforced Concrete Irrigation Pipe With Rubber GasketJoints Metric1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 505M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers nonreinforced concrete pipewith rubber gasket joints to be used for the conv
3、eyance ofirrigation water with working pressures, including hydraulictransients, as shown in Table 1.1.2 This specification is the SI counterpart of SpecificationC 505.NOTE 1This specification is for manufacturing and purchase only anddoes not include requirements for bedding, backfill, installation
4、, or fieldrepairs. The owner is cautioned that he must correlate field conditions withthe characteristics of the pipe specified and provide inspection duringinstallation.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 497M
5、Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sec-tions, or Tile MetricC 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC 822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC 989 Specification for Ground
6、Granulated Blast-FurnaceSlag for Use in Concrete and MortarsC 1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete andShotcreteD 395 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompressionSetD 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersTensionD 471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of L
7、iquidsD 573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an AirOvenD 1149 Test Method for Rubber DeteriorationSurfaceOzone Cracking in a ChamberD 1415 Test Method for Rubber PropertyInternationalHardnessD 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardness3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of
8、terms relating to con-crete pipe, see Terminology C 822.4. Classification4.1 Pipe manufactured in accordance with this specificationshall be known as “Standard Nonreinforced Concrete IrrigationPipe with Rubber Gasket Joints.”5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 The acceptability of the pipe, joint design, and
9、gasketsshall be determined by the results of the tests prescribed in this1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 onNon-Reinforced Concrete Sewer, Drain, and Irrigation Pipe.Current edition approved De
10、c. 1, 2005. Published January 2006. Originallyapproved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 505M 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to
11、the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.TABLE 1 Standard Dimensions, Working Pressures, and TestRequirementsDesignatedInternalDiameter, mmWallThickness,AmmWorkingPressure,BmRequiredHydrostatic TestPressure,CkPaMinimum Three-Edge-BearingLoad, kN/linearmetre150 19 9 275 19.0200 25 9 275
12、 19.5250 32 9 275 20.5300 38 9 275 22.0375 47 9 275 24.0450 57 9 275 26.5525 66 9 275 27.5600 75 9 275 29.0AThinner walls are not prohibited on pipe units not over 1.22 m in length but thethickness of such walls should be not less than the internal diameter divided by 10.BWith the exception of 525 a
13、nd 600-mm pipe, higher working pressures are notprohibited to be used up to a maximum of 15 m for 150 through 300-mm diametersand 12 m for 375 through 450-mm diameters. In these cases the strength of thepipe shall be increased to give minimum internal hydrostatic test pressures of atleast three time
14、s the design working pressure when tested as specified in 10.4.CFor hydrostatic test requirements, refer to 10.4.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.specification, if and when required, and by inspection todetermine wheth
15、er the pipe and gaskets conform to thespecification as to design and freedom from defects.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 ConcreteThe concrete shall consist of cementitiousmaterials, mineral aggregates, and water.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirementsfor port
16、land cement of Specification C 150 or shall be portlandblast-furnace slag cement, or slag-modified portland cement, orportland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements ofSpecification C 595, except that the pozzolan constituent in theType IP portland pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Fly
17、AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements ofClass F or Class C of Specification C 618.6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS)GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120of Specification C 989.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cement
18、itious materials used in the concreteshall be one of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.3 Slag modified portland cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement and fly ash,6.2.4.6 A combination
19、of portland cement and groundgranulated blast-furnace slag, or6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement, fly ash (not toexceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight) and groundgranulated blast furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the totalcementitious weight).6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to
20、SpecificationC33, except that the requirements for gradation shall notapply.6.4 Admixtures and BlendsAdmixtures and blends shallonly be used with the approval of the owner.6.5 Gaskets:6.5.1 CompositionThe rubber compound used in themanufacture of the gasket shall be compounded from naturalrubber, sy
21、nthetic rubber, or a mixture of the two fabricated asprescribed in 6.5.2 to 6.5.6, inclusive.6.5.2 FabricationGaskets shall be extruded or moldedand cured in such a manner that they will be dense andhomogeneous at any cross section, and have uniform dimen-sions. They shall be free from porosity, bli
22、sters, pitting, andother defects, which will affect their serviceability.6.5.3 TolerancesCommercial tolerances A3-F3, T.032 formolded gaskets, and A3-F3 for extruded gaskets in accordancewith the Rubber Handbook3shall be permitted. The tolerancesin gasket and joint dimensions shall be such as not to
23、 exceedpermissible deformations prescribed in Section 8.6.5.4 Physical Properties of GasketsThe rubber fromwhich the gaskets are fabricated shall have the followingphysical properties:Ultimate elongation at break, min, % 350Ultimate elongation at break after aging, min, % ofelongation before aging80
24、Hardness, International Rubber Hardness Degreesor DurometerA40 to 60Compression set, max, % 25Water absorption, % 10Ozone resistance no cracks in accordancewith Method D 1149AAllowable variation 65 from manufacturers specified hardness.6.5.4.1 Testing shall be in accordance with Section 9.6.5.5 Stre
25、ngth of SpliceIf a splice is used in the manufac-ture of the gasket, the strength shall be such that the gasketshall withstand 100 % elongation over the part of the gasketthat includes the splice with no visible separation of the splice.While in the stretched position, the gasket shall be rotated in
26、the spliced area a minimum of 180 in each direction in orderto inspect for separation. Any portion of the splice shall becapable of passing a bend test without visible separation. Thebend test for circular gaskets is defined as wrapping the portionof the unstretched gasket containing the splice a mi
27、nimum of180 and a maximum of 270 around a rod of a diameter equalto the cross section diameter of the gasket.6.5.6 StorageThe gaskets shall be stored in a cool, clean,and shaded place, preferably at 21C or less and in no caseshall the gaskets be exposed to the direct rays of the sun formore than 72
28、h.6.6 Synthetic FibersCollated fibrillated virgin polypropy-lene fibers are not prohibited in concrete pipe as a nonstructuralmanufacturing material. Only Type III synthetic fibers de-signed and manufactured specifically for use in concrete andconforming to the requirements of Specification C 1116 s
29、hallbe accepted.7. Design7.1 Design TablesThe standard dimensions shall be asgiven in Table 1. Wall thicknesses furnished shall be not lessthan those given in Table 1, except as affected by the tolerancespecified in Section 12.7.2 Modified DesignManufacturers shall submit to theowner for approval pr
30、ior to manufacture, wall thicknessesother than those shown in Table 1. Such pipe shall meet all ofthe test and performance requirements specified by the ownerin accordance with 5.1.8. Joints8.1 Pipe units shall be manufactured with male- and female-type joints of such design that the rubber gasket a
31、pplied theretoshall be the sole element depended upon to make the jointsflexible and watertight.8.2 The slope on the conic surfaces of the gasket seat on theinside of the female portion and on the outside of the maleportion shall be not more than 3.5 measured from a longitu-dinal trace on the inside
32、 surface of the pipe. The female or themale portions, or both, shall form a proper gasket positioningarea or “seat.” The joint design shall be such that, when thejoint has been fully closed and is off center sufficiently to cause3Available from the Rubber Manufacturers Assn., Inc., 1400 K St., NW, s
33、uite900, Washington DC, 20005.C 505M 05a2the outer concrete surface of the male portion and the innerconcrete surface of the female portion to come into contact atsome place in the joint periphery, the deformation of the gasketadjacent to that point shall not exceed 50 % of the stretcheddiameter for
34、 O-ring gaskets, or 75 % of the uncompressedradial thickness for all other types. At the diametricallyopposite side, the gasket deformation shall be not less than15 % of the stretched diameter for O-ring gaskets, or 25 % ofthe uncompressed radial thickness for all other types. O-ringgaskets are defi
35、ned as solid gaskets of circular cross section.Stretched gasket diameters shall be calculated as being=1/1 1 x! times the original gasket diameter where x equalsthe percent of gasket stretch divided by 100.8.3 The joint design shall provide for the deflection of eachpipe unit by opening one side of
36、the outside perimeter of thejoint, wider than the fully closed position, a distance no lessthan 13 mm or 25 % of the wall thickness, whichever is less,without reducing its watertightness.8.4 The joint shall be of such design that it will withstand,without cracking or fracturing, the forces caused by
37、 thecompression of the gasket, and the required hydrostatic testpressure.8.5 All surfaces of the joint upon or against which thegasket bear shall be smooth, free of spall, cracks, or fractures,and imperfections that would adversely affect performance.8.6 Alternative Joint DesignsIf permitted by the
38、owner,manufacturers shall submit to the owner, detailed designs forjoints and gaskets other than those described in 8.2, 8.3, 8.4,and 8.5. Design submissions shall include joint geometrytolerances, gasket characteristics, proposed plant tests, gasketsplice bend tests, and such other information as r
39、equired by theowner to evaluate the joint design for field performance. Jointsand gaskets of alternative joint designs shall meet all testrequirements of this specification unless waived by the owner.Alternative joint designs shall be acceptable provided thedesigns are approved by the owner prior to
40、 manufacture andprovided the test pipe comply with the specified test.9. Concrete Mixture9.1 The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, andthoroughly mixed with such proportions of cementitious ma-terials and water as will produce a homogeneous concretemixture of such quality that the pipe
41、 will conform to the testand design requirements of this specification. Cementitiousmaterials shall be as specified in 6.2 and shall be added to themix in a proportion not less than 280 kg/m, unless mix designswith a lower cementitious materials content demonstrate thatthe quality and performance me
42、et the requirements of thisspecification.10. Physical Requirements10.1 Test Specimens:10.1.1 Specimens for test shall be full-size pipe units andgaskets that conform in every respect to the inspection require-ments of this specification, shall be selected at random by theowner at the place of manufa
43、cture of the pipe, and shall betested in advance of shipment to the site of installation.10.1.2 Test specimens of pipe shall be selected from datedlots and the manufacturer shall furnish manufacturing data forthe lot tested if so required by the owner.10.2 Number and Type of Tests RequiredThe manufa
44、c-turer shall furnish specimens for the test without charge up to1 % of the number of pipe units of each dated lot, except thatin no case shall fewer pipe units be furnished than necessary toperform the tests herein specified. Specimens shall be propor-tioned equally to the test to which they are to
45、 be subjectedexcept that the owner can specify different proportions prior topurchase. The manufacturer shall bear all the expense of testingsuch pipe. Should a larger number of specimens be tested upondemand of the owner or manufacturer, then the cost of suchadditional test specimens and the expens
46、e of testing shall beborne by the party making such demand.10.3 External Load Test RequirementThe minimumthree-edge-bearing strength shall be as given in Table 1 andshall be made in accordance with Test Methods C 497M.Ifmutually agreed upon between the manufacturer and theowner, other types of beari
47、ngs such as hard rubber blocks orsand-filled, high-pressure hose are acceptable.10.3.1 It is not prohibited to fill depressions of exteriorsurface irregularities with plaster of paris to equalize thebearing surfaces. The user of this specification is advised thatsand or other loose fine material may
48、 be spread along thelength of the crown of the pipe to equalize the upper bearing.10.3.2 The load shall be applied continuously until thestrength specified in Table 1 is reached. The pipe shall not beallowed to stand under load longer than is required to apply theload and to observe and record it. T
49、he pipe shall be surface drywhen tested. Tests shall not be made on frozen pipe.10.4 Hydrostatic Test RequirementsMaximum hydrostatictest pressures shall be as given in Table 1, and shall be made inaccordance with 10.7. There shall be no leakage of pipe orjoints at one third of this pressure when pipes are in straightalignment or in maximum deflected position. Moisture appear-ing on the surface of the pipe in the form of patches, or beads,adhering to the surface, will not be considered as leakage. Inevent the pipe is tested dry, slow-forming be
