1、Designation: C531 00 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method forLinear Shrinkage and Coefficient of Thermal Expansion ofChemical-Resistant Mortars, Grouts, Monolithic Surfacings,and Polymer Concretes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C531; the number immediately following the designa
2、tion indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by ag
3、encies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the linearshrinkage during setting and curing and the coefficient ofthermal expansion of chemical-resistant mortars, grouts, mono-lithic surfacings, and polymer concretes.1.2 A bar of square cross-section is c
4、ast to a prescribedlength in a mold that holds measuring studs that are captured inthe ends of the finished casting.1.2.1 The change in length after curing is measured andused to calculate shrinkage.NOTE 1Shrinkage determinations should not be made on sulfurmortars, since this test method cannot tru
5、ly reflect the overall linearshrinkage of a sulfur mortar.1.2.2 The change in length at a specific elevated temperatureis measured and used to calculate the coefficient of thermalexpansion.1.3 This test method is limited to materials with aggregatesize of 0.25 in. (6 mm) or less.1.4 The values state
6、d in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use.
7、 It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C287 Specification for Chemical-Resistant Sulfur MortarC490 Practice for Use
8、ofApparatus for the Determination ofLength Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, andConcreteC904 Terminology Relating to Chemical-Resistant Nonme-tallic Materials3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod, see Terminology C904.4. Significance and Use4.1 This tes
9、t method offers a means of comparing therelative linear shrinkage and coefficient of thermal expansion.4.1.1 The material to be tested is placed in the mold in afluid or plastic state. As the material makes a transition to asolid state, it adheres to and captures the end studs.4.1.2 The linear shrin
10、kage measured is the change in lengththat occurs after the material is rigid enough and strong enoughto move the studs.4.2 This test method can be used for research purposes toprovide information on linear changes taking place in the testmaterials. Other dimensional changes may occur that do notmani
11、fest themselves as changes in length.5. Apparatus5.1 Weighing Equipment, shall be capable of weighingmaterials or specimens to 60.3 % accuracy.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C03 onChemical-Resistant Nonmetallic Materialsand is the direct responsibility of Sub-committee
12、 C03.01 on Mortars and Carbon Brick.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Originallyapproved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C531 00 (2005).DOI: 10.1520/C0531-00R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Cust
13、omer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2 Equipment for Mixing, consisting
14、 of a container ofsuitable size preferably made of corrosion-resistant metal, or aporcelain pan, and a sturdy spatula or trowel.5.3 Specimen Mold, (see Practice C490) permitting themolding of bars with a metal stud embedded in each end. Thebars shall be 1 in. (25 mm) square by 10 in. (250 mm) betwee
15、nstuds when molded. A standard 10-in. (250-mm) metal barshall be provided; this is used to space the studs.5.4 StudsNickel alloy studs, which have linear coefficientof thermal expansion of 7.2 106per F (4 106per C),knurled on one end and threaded on the other (for securing inend blocks), approximate
16、ly 0.8 in. (20 mm) long. Remove anymachining burrs from the flat end of the stud.5.5 ComparatorA direct-reading dial or digital microm-eter to permit readings to 0.0001 in. (0.0025 mm).5.6 Micrometers, one having a range suitable for measuringthe studs (0.8 in.), and one having a range suitable form
17、easuring the standard 10-in. (254-mm) bar, both readable to0.0001 in. (0.0025 mm).5.7 Constant-Temperature OvenAn oven capable of at-taining temperatures to 210F (99C) is required. The ovenshould be capable of maintaining a set temperature constant to63F (61.5C).6. Test Specimens6.1 Temperature The
18、standard temperature of the productconstituents, mold apparatus, and the temperature in thevicinity of the mixing operation shall be 73 6 4F (23 6 2C),unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer. The actualtemperature shall be recorded.6.2 Number of SpecimensA minimum of four test barspecimens sh
19、all be prepared for each material tested.6.3 Preparation of Materials:6.3.1 Mix the material in the proportions specified by themanufacturer of the materials. If the proportions so specifiedare by volume, weigh the constituents and report the corre-sponding proportions by weight. Fresh material shal
20、l be usedand the manufacturer shall be consulted if the age of thematerial is not known.6.3.2 Mix a standard batch size of 2400 g of material andprepare four 1-in. (25-mm) square by 10-in. (250-mm) (ap-proximate) bars.6.3.3 For sulfur mortars, prepare the samples in accordancewith the appropriate se
21、ction of Specification C287.6.4 Molding Test Specimens:6.4.1 Lubricate the mold by applying a thin film of moldrelease or lubricant like silicone stop-cock grease.6.4.2 Measure the standard bar with a micrometer to60.0001 in. (0.0025 mm).6.4.3 Measure the lengths of the studs with a micrometer to60.
22、0001 in. (0.0025 mm).6.4.4 In assembling the mold, the end blocks must movefreely in the mold before securing to the mold with machinescrews.6.4.5 Measure the measuring studs with micrometers andcarefully adjust in the end blocks by means of the standard barsupplied with the mold.6.4.6 Fill the mold
23、s with the material, taking care toeliminate air pockets by working the material with a spatula orthin trowel. Level the top surface with the spatula and strike offthe excess evenly. In the case of sulfur mortars, at least threeseparate pourings shall be made.6.4.7 After casting the specimens, remov
24、e the machinescrews holding the end blocks to permit free movement of theblocks.7. Conditioning7.1 Resin and Sulfur Materials Test specimens shall beremoved from molds only after an initial curing time deemedsuitable by the manufacturer.7.2 Silica and Silicate Materials Immediately after mold-ing th
25、e specimens, cover the mold with polyethylene sheetingor other suitable material to prevent rapid evaporation ofsurface moisture and subsequent deformation of the specimenbar. Disassemble the mold (deviations in the time mortars, etc.are kept in the mold, are to be reported) as described in 7.1.8. P
26、rocedure for Linear Shrinkage8.1 Determine the length of the bar by inserting it in thelength comparator.NOTE 2In cases where shrinkage in the specimens is great enough thatcomparator readings are no longer possible, insertion of a spacer (such asa metal washer) under the bottom stud holder of the c
27、omparator willenable readings to be made. When this is necessary, standard bar readingswill also change and proper adjustments in calculation must be made.8.2 The frequency of shrinkage measurement depends onthe information desired; for example, if it is desired to followthe shrinkage at room temper
28、ature, or at a specific temperature,readings can be made as long as shrinkage continues.Atypicalschedule is as follows: daily for 2 weeks at 73 6 4F (23 62C), then after 3 days at 210F (99C) or 140F (60C),depending on the material (see 9.2). If the specimens are heatedto induce cure, cool overnight
29、at 73F (23C) before measur-ing.8.2.1 Repeat heating and cooling cycles until the barsachieve a constant length when measured at 73F (23C).9. Procedure for Linear Coefficient of ThermalExpansion9.1 Use the specimens previously used for shrinkage deter-minations. Heat the specimens to constant length
30、in an oven atthe elevated temperature indicated in 9.2, then condition at73F for a minimum of 16 h.9.2 Determine the length of each bar at 73F by measuringwith the length comparator. Then place the bars in an ovenheated as follows: resin, silica, and silicate materials, 210F(100C); and sulfur materi
31、als, 140F (60C).9.3 After at least 16 h, remove the bars quickly one at a timeand measure (Note 3). Remove the bars at a rate that does notpermit the temperature of the oven to drop below the estab-lished temperature. In the case of silicate materials, put theC531 00 (2012)2specimens into a desiccat
32、or for cooling immediately after thereading is taken at the elevated temperature.NOTE 3Usually, the length can be read within 4 or 5 s after removalfrom the oven.9.3.1 If the specimen does not return to its original length oncooling to 73F, shrinkage is still taking place, and theprocedure in 9.1 an
33、d 9.2 shall be repeated.10. Calculation10.1 ShrinkageCalculate the linear shrinkage for the fourspecimens as follows:Percent shrinkage 5 L02 L!/L0# 3100 (1)where:L0= original length (length of standard bar), in., (mm), andL = length as measured during or after cure, in. (mm),excluding studs.10.2 Lin
34、ear Coeffcient of Thermal ExpansionCalculatethe linear coefficient of thermal expansion per F (C), C,ofthefour specimens as follows:C 5 Z 2 Y 2 W!/TW 2 X! (2)where:Z = length of bar, including studs, at elevated temperature,in. (mm),Y = length of stud expansion, in. (mm),=XTk(wherek is the linear co
35、efficient of thermal expansion per F(C) of the studs),W = length of bar, including studs, at lower temperature, in.(mm),T = temperature change, F (C) andX = length of the two studs at lower temperature, in. (mm).11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Manufacturers name of the materia
36、l and generictype,11.1.2 Mixing ratio,11.1.3 Conditioning procedure,11.1.4 Test conditions, (temperature and humidity),11.1.5 Total duration of test in days, including heat cycles,and11.1.6 Individual and averaged results of linear shrinkageand coefficient of thermal expansion.12. Precision12.1 The
37、precision of this test method has not yet beenestablished.13. Keywords13.1 brick mortars; grouts; linear shrinkage; monolithicsurfacings; mortars; polymer concretes; thermal expansion; tilegroutsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection
38、with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible te
39、chnical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider
40、ation at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr
41、Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C531 00 (2012)3
