1、Designation: C 534 07aStandard Specification forPreformed Flexible Elastomeric Cellular Thermal Insulationin Sheet and Tubular Form1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 534; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specificati
3、on covers preformed flexible elastomericcellular thermal insulation in sheet and tubular form. Grade 1covers materials to be used on commercial or industrialsystems with operating temperatures from -183 to 104C (-297to 220F), Grade 2 covers material used on industrial systemswith operating temperatu
4、res from -183 to 175C (-297 to350F), and Grade 3 covers material used on industrial systemswith operating temperatures from -183 to 120C (-297 to250F) where halogens are not permitted.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound equivalents of SI units, given i
5、nparentheses, are approximate.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitation
6、s prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC 209 Test Methods for Cellulosic Fiber Insulating BoardC
7、 390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of ThermalInsulation LotsC 335 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Proper-ties of Pipe InsulationC411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal InsulationC 447 Practice for Estimating the Maximum Use Tempera-ture of Thermal I
8、nsulationsC 518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC 534 Specification for Preformed Flexible ElastomericCellular Thermal Insulation in Sheet and Tubular FormC 585 Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of RigidThermal Insulation for
9、Nominal Sizes of Pipe and Tubing(NPS System)C 692 Test Method for Evaluating the Influence of ThermalInsulations on External Stress Corrosion Cracking Ten-dency of Austenitic Stainless SteelC 795 Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Con-tact with Austenitic Stainless SteelC 871 Test Metho
10、ds for Chemical Analysis of ThermalInsulation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride,Silicate, and Sodium IonsC 1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal TransmissionProperties Under Steady-State ConditionsC 1058 Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluatingand Reporting Thermal Properties of T
11、hermal InsulationC 1114 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Thin-Heater ApparatusC 1304 Test Method for Assessing the Odor Emission ofThermal Insulation MaterialsC 1427 Specification for Extruded Preformed Flexible Cel-lular Polyolefin Thermal Insulation in Sh
12、eet and TubularFormD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid CellularPlasticsD 1667 Specification for Flexible Cellular MaterialsPoly(Vinyl Chloride) Foam (Closed-Cell)E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE 96/E 96M Test
13、 Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterials1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onThermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.22 onOrganic and Nonhomogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2007. Publish
14、ed September 2007. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C 534 - 07e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards
15、Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE 456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE 691 Practice for
16、 Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE 2231 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting ofPipe and Duct Insulation Materials to Assess SurfaceBurning Characteristics2.2 Other Standards:3CAN/ULC-S10203 Standard Method of Test for SurfaceBurning Characteris
17、tics of Building Materials and Assem-blies3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms used in this specification are definedin Terminology C 168 and in Terminology D 883.3.2 Definition of Term Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 cellular elastomeric foama closed-cell foam madeof natural or synthetic rubber, or a
18、 mixture of the two, andcontaining other polymers, other chemicals, or both, which ispermitted to be modified by organic or inorganic additives.These foams have properties similar to those of vulcanizedrubber, namely, (1) the ability to be converted from a thermo-plastic to a thermosetting state by
19、cross-linking (vulcanization)and (2) the ability to recover substantially its original shapewhen strained or elongated.3.2.2 flexible cellulara flexible cellular organic polymericmaterial shall not rupture within 60 s when a specimen 200 by25 by 25 mm (8 by 1 by 1 in.) is bent around a 25-mm (1-in.)
20、diameter mandrel at a uniform rate of one lap in5sintheformof a helix at a temperature between 18 and 29C (65 and 85F).NOTE 1The flexibility of these materials may decrease at lowertemperatures.4. Classification4.1 The types are designated below:4.1.1 Type ITubular.Grade 1 Use temperature -183 to 10
21、4C (-297 to 220F).Grade 2 Use temperature -183 to 175C (-297 to 350F).Grade 3 Use temperature -183 to 120C (-297 to 250F).4.1.2 Type IISheet.Grade 1 Use temperature -183 to 104C (-297 to 220F).Grade 2 Use temperature -183 to 175C (-297 to 350F).Grade 3 Use temperature -183 to 104C (-297 to 220F).4.2
22、 Grade 1 is flexible elastomeric material for use ontypical commercial systems.4.3 Grade 2 is a high temperature flexible elastomericmaterial.4.4 Grade 3 is an elastomeric material that does not containany leachable chlorides, fluorides or polyvinyl chloride.NOTE 2Continuous long-term exposure at or
23、 above the upper usetemperature may cause degradation in the form of loss of flexibility5. Materials5.1 These products shall be made of a homogeneous blendof natural or synthetic rubber that is permitted to be modifiedwith various thermoplastic or thermosetting resins, plasticizers,modifiers, antiox
24、idants, curatives, blowing agents and otheradditives. These products are thermoset and are not thermo-plastic in nature.5.2 These products are expanded with chemical blowingagents that decompose with the application of heat. The gasesproduced by these blowing agents are similar to those found inthe
25、atmosphere and thus the diffusion rate is not significant.These gases do not change over time and the thermal conduc-tivity of the insulation is stable over time.5.3 Flexible, elastomeric, cellular thermal insulations shallbe of uniform core density and have closed cells. Even thoughthese insulation
26、 materials are permitted to have a smooth skinsurface on one or both sides, they are to be consideredhomogeneous for the purposes of determining thermal perfor-mance.3Available from, Underwriters Laboratories of Canada, 7 Crouse Road, Scar-borough, Ontario MIR3A9TABLE 1 Physical Requirements for Typ
27、e I (Tubular) and Type II (Sheet)AProperty Unit Grade 1 Grade 2(higher temperature)Grade 3(non-chloride/non-fluoride containing)Apparent thermal conductivity, max.,at a mean temperature of:W/mK (Btuin./hft2F)-150C(-238F) 0.023(0.16) 0.023 (0.16) 0.023 (0.16)-100C (-148F) 0.028 (0.18) 0.028 (0.18) 0.
28、028 (0.18)-29C (-20F) 0.036 (0.25) 0.036 (0.25) 0.036 (0.25)-18C (0F) 0.038 (0.26) 0.038 (0.26) 0.038 (0.26)24C (75F) 0.040 (0.28) 0.043 (0.30) 0.040 (0.28)50C (120F) 0.043 (0.30) 0.047 (0.32) 0.043 (0.30)86C (150F) 0.045 (0.31) 0.049 (0.34) 0.045 (0.31)150C (300F) NA 0.061 (0.42) NAWater absorption
29、, max. % by volume 0.20 0.20 0.20Water-vapor permeability, max. g/Pasm (perm-in.) 1.44 3 10-10(0.10) 1.44 3 10-10(0.10) 1.44 3 10-10(0.10)Linear shrinkage,max after soak at maximumuse temperature% linear change 7.0 % 7.0 % 7.0 %ATable 1 describes two types of flexible elastomeric cellular thermal in
30、sulation. The values stated in Table 1 may not always be appropriate as design values. For specificdesign recommendations using a particular product and for supporting documentation, consult the manufacturer.C 534 07a26. Physical Requirements6.1 Qualification RequirementsThermal conductivity, wa-ter
31、 vapor permeability and dimensional stability physicalproperties listed in Table 1, are defined as qualificationrequirements (refer to Practice C 390, Section 5, Classificationof Requirements and Section 6, Acceptance for QualificationRequirements).6.2 Inspection Requirements:6.2.1 The requirements
32、for water absorption listed in Table1 is defined as an inspection requirement (refer to PracticeC 390, Section 5, Classification of Requirements, and Section7, Acceptance for Inspection Requirements).6.2.2 All dimensional requirements shall be as described inSection 6 and Table 2.6.2.3 All workmansh
33、ip, finish and appearance requirementsshall be as described in Section 9.6.2.4 Compliance with inspection requirements shall be inaccordance with Practice C 390.6.3 Both Type I and Type II insulations shall conform to thephysical property requirements listed in Table 1.6.4 The material shall be free
34、 of objectionable odors at alltemperatures within the recommended use range when testedaccording to Test Method C 1304.6.5 Surface Burning CharacteristicsThe material shall betested to assess its surface burning characteristics, at thethickness supplied, in accordance with Test Method E84withmountin
35、g according to Practice E 2231. The results shall bereported. In Canada, use Test Method CAN/ULC-S102-03 andreport the results.6.5.1 This test method does not always define the hazardpotentially presented by preformed flexible elastomeric cellularthermal insulation under actual fire conditions. It i
36、s retained forreference in this standard as test data are required by somecodes.6.5.2 Preformed flexible cellular elastomeric thermal insu-lation is an organic material and is combustible. Do notexposed it to flames or other ignition sources. In someapplications, the fire test response characteristi
37、cs of the mate-rial are addressed through requirements established by theappropriate governing documents.6.6 Leachable Chloride/Fluoride ContentGrade 3 shallbe below the detectable limit of the test procedure used forleachable chlorides or fluorides when tested according to TestMethod C 871.7. Stand
38、ard Shapes, Sizes and Dimensions7.1 Type ITubular materials are manufactured in 1.83 m (72 in.) standard lengths, as well as in continuous lengths.Insulation is manufactured for diameters up to 200 mm (8 in.nominal pipe size (NPS) with wall thickness up to 37 mm (112in.).7.2 Type IISheet material is
39、 manufactured in thicknessesup to 50 mm (2 in.). Sheets are manufactured in sizes up to1.22 m (48 in.) in width and in continuous lengths. Other sizesare available upon request. Individual dimensions shall con-form to those specified by the manufacturer.7.3 Actual dimensions shall be agreed upon bet
40、ween themanufacturer and the purchaser. The procedure section and thepipe and tubing diameter information of Practice C 585 isbeneficial in determining these actual dimensions.7.4 The insulation tolerances shall conform to Table 2.8. Surface8.1 Type IAll surfaces (except ends and slits that aremecha
41、nically cut) shall have natural skins.8.2 Type IISheet material is manufactured either with skinon one side or with skin on two sides. The surface shall be atthe manufacturers option, unless otherwise specified.9. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance9.1 The insulation shall be free of visual defects t
42、hat willadversely affect the service quality. For example, blisters, blowholes and tears when occurring to an excessive degree shall bejudged to adversely affect the service quality of the material.10. Sampling10.1 The insulation shall be sampled in accordance withPractice C 390. Details shall be ag
43、reed upon between the buyerand seller.10.2 When possible, the insulation shall be tested in theform supplied. However, when Type I does not lend itself totesting or to making of test specimens because of its shape,standard test sheets shall be prepared from tubular materialhaving equivalent physical
44、 characteristics to Type I (see 10.1and 11.1.2).11. Test Methods11.1 Test Conditions:11.1.1 The physical requirements enumerated in this speci-fication shall be determined in accordance with the followingtest methods:11.1.2 When standard test sheets are required for tubularmaterial, they shall be pr
45、epared by longitudinally slitting thetubular specimens along one wall thickness, opening andlaying the sample flat.11.1.3 These products are produced with either skin on oneside or skin on both sides. Testing shall be done in the final enduse form.11.2 Apparent Thermal Conductivity:TABLE 2 Dimension
46、al Tolerances, mm (in.)TolerancesType ITubular MaterialInside diameter, mm (in.):Up to 10 (38), incl. +2.5 (332), -013 (12)to22(78), incl. +3 (18), -025(1)to38(112), incl. +5 (316), -041 (1-58)to60(2-38), incl. +6 (14), -0Over 60 (2-38) +10 (38), -0Wall thicknesses, mm (in.):Up to 19 (34), incl. +3
47、(18), -019 and over (34)+5316), -0Length, mm (in.) +75 (3), -25 (1)Type IISheet MaterialThickness, mm (in.):Up to 13 (12), incl. 6 2(6116)Over 13 (12) 6 3(6332)Length and width, mm (in.):Up to 150 (6), incl. 6 6(614)Over 150 (6) to 300 (12), incl. 6 10 (638)Over 300 (12) 6 3%C 534 07a311.2.1 Type IC
48、hoose from Test Methods C 177, C 518,C 1114 or C 335 in conjunction with Practice C 1045. Usestandard test sheet for C 177, C 518 or C 1114.NOTE 3Test Method C 335 may be used for below ambient condi-tions. The authors of this reference state, “the regression curves for sheetand pipe insulation agre
49、e with 1.5% and 2.5% at mean temperatures of 25and 10C, respectively. The measured apparent thermal conductivites ofboth types of materials are well below the maxima allowed by C 534.411.2.2 Type IIChoose from Test Methods C 177, C 518 orC 1114 in conjunction with Practice C 1045.11.2.3 Tests shall be conducted with a temperature differ-ential of 25 6 5C (50 6 10F) between the hot and cold platesof the testing apparatus in accordance with Table 3 of PracticeC 1058.11.2.4 The mean apparent the
