1、Designation: C 535 03e1Standard Test Method forResistance to Degradation of Large-Size Coarse Aggregateby Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 535; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.e1NOTES
3、ection 8.1 was corrected editorially July 2003.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers testing sizes of coarse aggregatelarger than 19 mm (34 in.) for resistance to degradation usingthe Los Angeles testing machine (Note 1).NOTE 1A procedure for testing coarse aggregate smaller than 37.5mm (112 in.) is
4、covered in Test Method C 131.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations
5、 prior to use.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are forinformation only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and ConcreteAggregates2C 131 Test Method for Resistance to Degradatio
6、n of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the LosAngeles Machine2C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregates2C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction Materials2C 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate t
7、oTesting Size2D 75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates3E 11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposes43. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer toTerminology C 125.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test is a measure of degradation of mineral aggre-gate
8、s of standard gradings resulting from a combination ofactions including abrasion or attrition, impact, and grinding ina rotating steel drum containing 12 steel spheres. As the drumrotates, a shelf plate picks up the sample and the steel spheres,carrying them around until they are dropped to the oppo
9、siteside of the drum, creating an impact-crushing effect. Thecontents then roll within the drum with an abrading andgrinding action until the shelf plate picks up the sample and thesteel spheres, and the cycle is repeated. After the prescribednumber of revolutions, the contents are removed from the
10、drumand the aggregate portion is sieved to measure the degradationas percent loss.5. Significance and Use5.1 The test has been widely used as an indicator of therelative quality or competence of various sources of aggregatehaving similar mineral compositions. The results do notautomatically permit v
11、alid comparisons to be made betweensources distinctly different in origin, composition, or structure.Assign specification limits with extreme care in considerationof available aggregate types and their performance history inspecific end uses.6. Apparatus6.1 The Los Angeles Machine shall conform to t
12、he require-ments of Test Method C 131.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.20 on Normal Weight Aggregates.Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published April 2003. Originallyappro
13、ved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C 535-01.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harb
14、or Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.1.1 The operation and maintenance of the machine shallbe as prescribed in Test Method C 131.6.2 Sieves, conforming to Specification E 11.6.3 BalanceA balance or scale accurate within 0.1 % oftest load over the range required fo
15、r this test6.4 ChargeThe charge (Note 2) shall consist of 12 steelspheres averaging approximately 47 mm (12732 in.) in diam-eter, each having a mass between 390 and 445 g, and having atotal mass of 5000 6 25 g.NOTE 2Steel ball bearings 46.0 mm (11316 in.) and 47.6 mm (178in.) in diameter, having a m
16、ass approximately 400 and 440 g each,respectively, are readily available. Steel spheres 46.8 mm (12732 in.) indiameter having a mass approximately 420 g may also be obtainable. Thecharge may consist of a mixture of these sizes conforming to the totalmass tolerance of 6.4.7. Sampling7.1 Obtain the fi
17、eld sample in accordance with PracticeD 75 and reduce to an adequate sample size in accordance withPractice C 702.8. Test Sample Preparation8.1 Wash the reduced sample and oven dry at 110 6 5C(230 6 9F) to substantially constant mass, separate intoindividual size fractions, and recombine to the grad
18、ing of Table1 most nearly corresponding to the range of sizes in theaggregate as furnished for the work. Record the mass of thesample prior to test to the nearest 1 g.9. Procedure9.1 Place the test sample and charge in the Los Angelestesting machine and rotate the machine at 30 to 33 r/min for1000 r
19、evolutions (Note 3). After the prescribed number ofrevolutions, discharge the material from the machine and makea preliminary separation of the sample on a sieve coarser thanthe 1.70-mm (No. 12) sieve. Sieve the finer portion on a1.70-mm sieve in a manner conforming to Test Method C 136.Wash the mat
20、erial coarser than the 1.70-mm sieve and oven dryat 110 6 5C (230 6 9F) to substantially constant mass, anddetermine the mass to the nearest1g.9.1.1 If the aggregate is essentially free of adherent coatingsand dust, the requirement for washing after the test is optional.However, in the case of refer
21、ee testing, the washing procedureshall be performed. Elimination of washing after test willseldom reduce the measured loss by more than about 0.2 % ofthe original sample mass.NOTE 3Valuable information concerning the uniformity of the sampleunder test may be obtained by determining the loss after 20
22、0 revolutions.This loss should be determined by dry sieving the material on the1.70-mm (No. 12) sieve without washing. The ratio of the loss after 200revolutions to the loss after 1000 revolutions should not greatly exceed0.20 for material of uniform hardness. When this determination is made,take ca
23、re to avoid losing any part of the sample; return the entire sample,including the dust of fracture, to the testing machine for the final 800revolutions required to complete the test.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the loss (the difference between the originalmass and the final mass of the test sample)
24、 as a percentage ofthe original mass of the test sample (Note 4).NOTE 4The percent loss determined by this method has no knownconsistent relationship to the percent loss for the same material whentested by Test Method C 131.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.2 Identification of the a
25、ggregate as to source, type, andnominal size, and11.3 Grading designation from Table 1 used for the test, and11.4 Loss by abrasion and impact of the sample expressed tothe nearest 1 % by mass.12. Precision12.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method has notbeen determined. It is expected to be co
26、mparable to that of TestMethod C 131.12.2 BiasNo statement is being made about the bias ofthis Test Method since there is no accepted reference materialsuitable for determining the bias of this procedure.13. Keywords13.1 abrasion; aggregate (coarse; large size); degradation;impact; Los Angeles machi
27、neTABLE 1 Gradings of Test SamplesSieve Size, mm (in.) (Square Openings) Mass of Indicated Sizes, gPassing Retained onGrading12375 (3) 63 (212) 2 500 6 50 . .63 (212) 50 (2) 2 500 6 50 . .50 (2) 37.5 (112) 5 000 6 50 5 000 6 50 .37.5 (112) 25.0 (1) . 5 000 6 25 5 000 6 2525.0 (1) 19.0 (34) . . 5 000
28、 6 25Total 10 000 6 100 10 000 6 75 10 000 6 50C53503e12APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. MAINTENANCE OF SHELFX1.1 The shelf of the Los Angeles machine is subject tosevere surface wear and impact. With use, the working surfaceof the shelf is peened by the balls and tends to develop a ridgeof met
29、al parallel to and about 32 mm (114 in.) from the junctionof the shelf and the inner surface of the cylinder. If the shelf ismade from a section of rolled angle, not only may this ridgedevelop but the shelf itself may be bent longitudinally ortransversely from its proper position.X1.2 The shelf shou
30、ld be inspected periodically to deter-mine that it is not bent either lengthwise or from its normalradial position with respect to the cylinder. If either conditionis found, the shelf should be repaired or replaced before furthertests are made. The influence on the test result of the ridgedeveloped
31、by peening of the working face of the shelf is notknown. However, for uniform test conditions, it is recom-mended that the ridge be ground off if its height exceeds 0.1 in.(2 mm).SUMMARY OF CHANGESThis section identifies the location of changes to this test method that have been incorporated since t
32、he lastissue.(1) Revised 1.3.(2) Revised Note 2.(3) Revised 8.1.(4) Revised 9.1.(5) Revised 9.1.1.(6) Revised Note 3.(7) Revised X1.1.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standa
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35、ch you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C53503e13
