1、Designation: C 559 90 (Reapproved 2005)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forBulk Density by Physical Measurements of ManufacturedCarbon and Graphite Articles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 559; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
2、 oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bulkde
3、nsity of manufactured articles of carbon and graphite of atleast 500 mm3volume. The bulk density is calculated to anaccuracy of 0.25 %, using measurements of mass and dimen-sions in air at 25 6 5C.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its us
4、e. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI) (
5、the Modern Metric System)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 bulk density the mass of a unit volume of materialincluding both permeable and impermeable voids.4. Significance and Use4.1 Bulk density as determined by this test method is a basicmaterial property of im
6、portance in manufacturing and applica-tion of carbon and graphite.4.2 This test method can be used for quality and processcontrol, material characterization and description, and otherpurposes.5. Preparation of Test Specimens5.1 Machine test specimens from the manufactured articlein the form of a rec
7、tangular parallelepiped or a right circularcylinder. The minimum mass of the specimen shall be 2000times the sensitivity of the balance used to weigh the specimen,and the volume of the specimen shall not be less than 500 mm3.The minimum dimension of the specimen shall be the larger of:5.1.1 Ten time
8、s the length of the largest visible particle, and5.1.2 2000 times the resolution of the device used formeasuring the dimension.5.2 During the machining operation, use no lubricant havinga boiling point above 100C. All corners, edges, and faces ofthe specimen should be free of chips or gouges. Ensure
9、 that thespecimen is free of any residue from the machining operation.Dry the specimen for a minimum of2hat110C, and thenallow it to cool to 25 6 5C in a desiccator. The specimen shallnot be removed from the desiccator until immediately prior toweighing.6. Procedure6.1 Weigh the specimen to an accur
10、acy of 0.05 % using abalance or scale. During the weighing operation, handle thespecimen with soft-tipped tongs.6.2 Measure each dimension of the test specimen to anaccuracy of 0.05 %.6.2.1 If the specimen is a rectangular parallelepiped, makefour measurements of the length (longest dimension). Take
11、each measurement along the center of each of the four longfaces of the specimen. Measure the width and thickness at eachend and at two intermediate points along the length of thespecimen. Determine the mean of each dimension.6.2.2 If the specimen is a right circular cylinder, measure thelength at fo
12、ur points, 90 apart on the periphery of the circularend faces. Make two sets of diameter measurements. Each setshall consist of four measurements, one at each end and two atintermediate points along an axial line. These sets shall lie at90 to each other. Determine the mean length and the mean ofeach
13、 of the two sets of diameter measurements.7. Calculation7.1 Convert the mass to milligrams and the dimensions tomillimetres, or convert the mass to megagrams and thedimensions to metres. Conversion factors are available inIEEE/ASTM SI-10.7.2 The volume of the specimen may be calculated asfollows:1Th
14、is test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products.Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published August 2005. Originallyapproved in 1968. Last previo
15、us edition approved in 2000 as C 55990(2000).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM
16、International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.For a rectangular parallelepiped:V 5 lwt (1)where:V = volume, mm3(or m3),l = mean length, mm (or m),w = mean width, mm (or m), andt = mean thickness, mm (or m).For a right circular cylinder:V 5 pd1d2l!
17、/4 (2)where:d1,d2= mean diameters, mm (or m).7.3 The bulk density of the specimen may be calculated asfollows:D 5 M/V (3)where:D = bulk density, mg/mm3(or Mg/m3),M = mass, mg (or Mg), andV = volume, mm3(or m3).8. Report8.1 Report the following:8.1.1 Type, source, grade, and form of the sample, and8.
18、1.2 Densities of the individual specimens and the mean.9. Precision and Bias9.1 No numerical statement can be made on the intralabo-ratory or interlaboratory precision of this test method, sincesuch tests have not been run. The resultant density will beaccurate to within the claimed 0.25 % if the fo
19、llowing condi-tions are met in their entirety:9.1.1 All measuring devices (calipers, scales, and balances)have accuracy, at the time of use, equal to the resolution of thedevice. Such accuracy can be verified by measurement ofstandards before and after any series of density determinations,plus a pro
20、gram of regular calibration of standards.9.1.2 The machined specimens have right angles accurate to61.9.1.3 The machined specimens have plane surfaces flat towithin 0.05 % of the dimension perpendicular to the plane. Ifthe specimen is a rectangular parallelepiped, nonparallel oppo-site sides will ca
21、use a systematic error if a standard micrometerhaving flat anvil faces is used. (If a round anvil micrometer isused, disregard the following.) The systematic error will begreater than the accuracy of the measurement if the measure-ments of a given dimension are uniformly increasing ordecreasing alon
22、g the specimen, and if tan u (0.001) (meandimension being measured)/(micrometer anvil diameter),where u is the angle by which the sides deviate from parallel-ism (u = 0 for parallel sides). If tan u is greater than thespecified tolerance, the specimen should be discarded.9.2 If specimens having volu
23、mes close to the minimum (500mm3) are used, extra care should be taken to ensure that thespecified accuracies are achieved.9.3 Surface roughness may cause systematic errors in di-mension measurements since micrometer calipers generallyread surface peaks. In order to ensure that the accuracystandards
24、 for dimension measurements are met, the maximumpeak-to-valley distance shall be less than 0.05 % of thedimension being measured.9.4 The buoyant effect of the air will cause a systematicerror. For typical carbon and graphite, the densities will be lowby approximately 0.05 %. This systematic error ha
25、s been takeninto account in the overall bias (0.25 %) of the test method.9.5 Errors can be introduced by deformation of specimensfrom application of force during dimensional measurement.Care must be taken not to exert force on a specimen duringmeasurement, particularly when measuring a low modulusma
26、terial.9.6 Contamination of specimens during handling can causethe apparent mass to deviate from the true mass. The cautionsin Sections 5 and 6 concerning specimen handling and clean-liness must be observed.10. Keywords10.1 bulk; carbon density; graphite; gravimetric; physicalASTM International take
27、s no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own res
28、ponsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be address
29、ed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the
30、 address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 559 90 (2005)2
