1、Designation: C 580 02 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forFlexural Strength and Modulus of Elasticity of Chemical-Resistant Mortars, Grouts, Monolithic Surfacings, andPolymer Concretes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 580; the number immediately following the designation in
2、dicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies
3、of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of flexuralstrength and modulus of elasticity in flexure of cured chemical-resistant materials in the form of molded rectangular beams.These materials include mortars, brick and tile grouts, struc-tural grouts, machin
4、ery grouts, monolithic surfacings (60 milsor greater), and polymer concretes. These materials shall bebased on resin, silicate, silica, or sulfur binders.1.2 A bar of rectangular cross section is tested in flexure asa simple beam in center point loading: the bar rests on twosupports and the load is
5、applied by means of a loading nosemidway between supports.1.3 Method A outlines the testing procedure generally usedfor systems containing aggregate less than 0.2 in. (5 mm) insize. Method B covers the testing procedure generally used forsystems containing aggregate from 0.2 to 0.4 in. (10 mm) insiz
6、e. Method C is used for systems containing aggregate largerthan 0.4 in.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This stand
7、ard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 AS
8、TM Standards:2C 904 Terminology Relating to Chemical-Resistant Non-metallic MaterialsC 1312 Practice for Making and Conditioning Chemical-Resistant Sulfur Polymer Cement Concrete Test Speci-mens in the LaboratoryE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor
9、definitions of terms used in this testmethod, see Terminology C 904.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is generally applicable to rigid andsemirigid materials. Although flexural strength cannot bedetermined for those materials that do not break, tangentmodulus of elasticity can be determine
10、d.4.2 The results obtained by this test method should serve asa guide in, but not as the sole basis for, selection of achemical-resistant material for a particular application. Noattempt has been made to incorporate into this test method allthe various factors that may affect the performance of amat
11、erial when subjected to actual service.4.3 In addition to the tangent modulus of elasticity, a secantmodulus is calculated at the point on the stress-strain (load-deflection) graph where the strain is 50 % of the maximumstrain.5. Apparatus5.1 Weighing Equipment, shall be capable of weighingmaterials
12、 or specimens to 60.3 % accuracy.5.2 Equipment for Mixing Materials, shall consist of acontainer of suitable size, preferably corrosion-resistant, aspatula, trowel, or mechanical mixer, and a38 in. diameter rodwith a rounded end, for use in casting specimens.5.3 Specimen Molds:5.3.1 Method AMolds to
13、 permit the casting of bars 1 6116 in. (25 6 1 mm) square by 10 in. (250 mm) minimumlength.5.3.1.1 For sulfur mortars, the following additional equip-ment is required:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C03 onChemical-Resistant Nonmetallic Materials and is the direct respon
14、sibility ofSubcommittee C03.01 on Mortars and Carbon Brick.Current edition approved June 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approvedin 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C 580 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service
15、at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.(1) Cover Plate, of a size sufficient to enclose
16、 the open sideof the bar mold. The base plate from another similar bar moldhas been found to be acceptable.(2) C-Clamp, large enough to fasten the cover platesecurely over the bar mold.(3) Melting Chamber, of sufficient volume and heat capac-ity to melt the sulfur mortar sample and maintain the temp
17、era-ture of the melt between 260 and 290F (127 and 143C).(4) Laboratory Mixer, of such a type and speed to becapable of lifting the aggregate without beating air into themelt.(5) Ladle, of sufficient capacity to completely pour one bar.(6) Masking Tape, 1 in. (25 mm), or an equivalent.5.3.2 Method B
18、Molds to permit the casting of bars 2 618in. (50 6 3 mm) square by 12 in. (300 mm) minimum length.5.3.3 Method CMolds to permit casting of rectangularbeams shall have a minimum cross-sectional dimension of 2 in.and at least three times the nominal maximum size of thecoarse aggregate in the polymer c
19、oncrete (Note 1). The barlength shall be at least three times the beam depth plus 2 in.NOTE 1The nominal maximum size of coarse aggregate is that sizenext larger than the largest sieve on which at least 15 % of the coarseaggregate by weight is retained.5.4 Testing MachineThe testing machine shall be
20、 of anytype sufficient to provide the required load and the rate ofdeflection prescribed. It shall have been verified to have anaccuracy of 1.0 % or better within twelve months of the time ofuse in accordance with Practices E4. It shall be equipped withan appropriate device to record deflection and
21、produce a graphof load versus deflection.5.5 Loading Nose and SupportsThe loading nose andsupports shall have cylindrical surfaces. To avoid excessiveindentation, the radius of the nose and supports shall be at least18 in. for Method A specimens,14 in. for Method B specimens,and12 in. for Method C s
22、pecimens.6. Test Specimens6.1 All specimens for a single determination shall be madefrom a single mix containing sufficient amounts of the com-ponents in the proportions and in the manner specified by themanufacturer of the materials. If the proportions so specifiedare by volume, the components shal
23、l be weighed and thecorresponding proportions by weight shall be reported.6.1.1 Number of SpecimensPrepare a minimum of six testbar specimens for each material tested. Additional specimensmay be required to establish the cross head speed in 9.3.2.6.2 Specimen Size:6.2.1 For Method A, the specimen sh
24、all be 1 6116 in. (256 1 mm) square by 10 to 14 in. (254 to 356 mm) long.6.2.2 For Method B, the specimens shall be 2 618 in. (256 1 mm) square by 12 to 16 in. (305 to 406 mm) long.6.2.3 For Method C, the specimens shall be rectangularbeams with cross section as in 5.3.3 and with a length equal toth
25、e span plus 2 to 12 in. (51 to 305 mm).6.3 Specimen Preparation Temperature:6.3.1 Resin, Silicate, and Silica MaterialsThe standardtemperature of the materials, molds, apparatus, and the ambienttemperature of the mixing area shall be 73 6 4F (23 6 2C),unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer.
26、Record theactual temperature.6.3.2 Sulfur MortarsThe material shall be maintained at275 6 15F. The temperature of the molds and the ambienttemperature of the mixing area shall be 73 6 4F (23 6 2C).Record the actual temperature.6.3.3 For Sulfur Concrete, the material, mold, apparatus,and mixing equip
27、ment shall be 275 6 15F (135 6 8C),unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer. Refer toPractice C 1312.6.4 Molding Test Specimens:6.4.1 Lubricate the mold by applying a thin film of anappropriate mold release or lubricant.6.4.2 Resin, Silicate, and Silica MaterialsMix a sufficientamount of the c
28、omponents in the proportions and in the mannerspecified by the manufacturer of the materials. Fill the moldsone-half full. Remove any entrapped air by using a cutting andstabbing motion with a spatula or rounded-end rod. Fill theremainder of the mold, working down into the previouslyplaced portion.
29、Upon completion of the filling operation, thetops of the specimens should extend slightly above the tops ofthe molds. When the molds have been filled, strike off theexcess material, even with the top of the mold. Permit thematerial to remain in the mold until it has set sufficiently toallow removal
30、without danger of deformation or breakage.6.4.3 Silicate MaterialsSome silicates may require cov-ering during the curing period. After removal from the molds,acid-treat the specimens, if required, in accordance with therecommendations given by the manufacturer. No other treat-ment shall be permitted
31、. Record the method of treatment in thereport section under Conditioning Procedure.6.4.4 Sulfur Mortars:6.4.4.1 Assemble the mold described in 5.3.1 for the speci-mens. Cover the bolt hole in the mold end piece with 1 in. (25mm) masking tape or other material.6.4.4.2 Carefully place the cover plate
32、onto the mold,covering only one of the end pieces. Apply a C-clamp aroundthe mold and cover plate in such a manner as to hold thelongitudinal mold pieces firmly in place with the cover plate.6.4.4.3 Remove the uncovered end piece, being careful notto disturb the side bars.6.4.4.4 Stand the mold on e
33、nd, supporting it in such amanner that it will not tip.6.4.4.5 Slowly melt approximately 5 lb (2.3 kg) of sulfurmortar in the melt chamber at a temperature of 275 6 15Fwhile stirring gently with the laboratory mixer. (The mixerspeed should be controlled so that it is sufficient to lift theaggregate
34、without beating air into the melt.)6.4.4.6 Using the ladle, fill each mold completely, allowingthe molten material to just reach the upper end of the mold.6.4.4.7 Carefully watch the end of the fresh casting andcontinually “top-off” the pour as shrinkage occurs (approxi-mately three times).6.4.5 Sul
35、fur ConcreteRefer to Practice C 1312.7. Conditioning7.1 Resin, Silica, and Silicate MaterialsAge the testspecimens for a period of seven days, including the cure periodC 580 02 (2008)2in the mold, at 73 6 4F (23 6 2C) and relative humidity lessthan 80 % before testing.7.2 Sulfur MaterialsBefore test
36、ing, condition the speci-mens at 73 6 4F. The time between casting the specimens andtesting the specimens shall be at least 24 h.7.3 If longer or shorter conditioning time is used, theconditioning time shall be reported.8. Procedure8.1 Measurement of SpecimensMeasure the depth andwidth of all test s
37、pecimens to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm)using a micrometer. Make two measurements for each dimen-sion near the middle of the beams length and average them.8.2 The testing machine shall be set up to test the specimensin simple bending with two supports and the load being appliedby means of a load
38、ing nose midway between the supports.8.2.1 Method AThe span shall be 9 6 0.1 in. (230 6 2mm).8.2.2 Method BThe span shall be 10 6 0.1 in. (254 6 3mm).8.2.3 Method CThe span shall be beam depth times 3 62%.8.3 Cross Head Speed:8.3.1 In order to achieve a strain rate of 0.01 6 0.001 perminute at the t
39、op and bottom of the beam, set the testingmachine to produce a cross head speed as determined by thefollowing formula:Speed 50.00167 3 L2d(1)where:speed = the cross head speed, in./min (mm/min),L = span, in. (mm), andd = depth of beam tested, in. (mm).8.3.2 For sulfur concrete, load the specimen con
40、tinuouslyand without shock. The load may be applied rapidly up toapproximately 50 % of the breaking load. Thereafter, apply theload at such a rate that constantly increases the extreme fiberstress between 125 and 175 psi/min (0.86 and 1.21 MPa/min),when calculated in accordance with 9.1, until ruptu
41、re occurs.8.4 Place the specimen in the testing machine in such amanner that the faces of the beam that were in contact with thetrue plane surfaces of the mold are in contact with the supportsand the center loading nose. Center the beam over thespecimen supports.8.5 Apply the load to the specimen at
42、 the speed calculated in8.3.1 (this is the cross head speed of the machine when runningwithout load) and record load deflection data. Deflection shallbe measured by either a transducer under the specimen and incontact with it at the center of the span, or by the measurementof the motion of the loadi
43、ng nose relative to the supports.8.5.1 Stop the test when the specimen breaks or the loaddrops off 25 % from its highest value.9. Calculations9.1 Flexural StrengthThe flexural strength is equal to thestress calculated at maximum load. It is calculated as follows:S 5 3 PL/2 bd2(2)where:S = stress in
44、the specimen at midspan, psi (MPa),P = the maximum load at or prior to the moment of crackor break, lbf (or N),L = span, in. (mm),b = width of beam tested, in. (mm), andd = depth of beam tested, in. (mm).9.2 Modulus of Elasticity (Tangent)The tangent modulusof elasticity is the ratio, within the ela
45、stic limit, of stress tocorresponding strain, and shall be expressed in psi (MPa). It iscalculated by drawing a tangent line to the steepest initialportion of the load-deformation curve and calculating asfollows:ET5 L3M1/4 bd3(3)where:ET= tangent modulus of elasticity in bending, psi (GPa),L = span,
46、 in. (mm),b = width of beam tested, in. (mm),d = depth of beam tested, in. (mm), andM1= slope of the tangent to the initial straight-line portionof the load-deflection curve, lbf/in. (N/mm) deflec-tion.9.3 Modulus of Elasticity (Secant):9.3.1 The secant modulus of elasticity is the ratio of stress t
47、ocorresponding strain at any specified point of the stress straincurve. It shall be expressed in psi (GPa).9.3.2 Under this procedure the secant modulus of elasticityshall be calculated at the point at which the deflection is 50 %of the maximum deflection. It shall be calculated as follows:ES5 L3M2/
48、4 bd3(4)where:ES= the secant modulus of elasticity in bending, psi(GPa),L = span, in. (mm),b = width of beam tested, in. (mm),d = depth of beam tested, in. (mm), andM2= the slope of a line drawn from the origin through thepoint on the load deflection curve where the deflec-tion = 50 % of the maximum
49、 deflection, lbf/in. (N/mm).10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Manufacturer, product trade name, generic type, andlot number;10.1.2 Method used, bar dimensions, and testing span;10.1.3 Mixing ratio and component weights;10.1.4 Conditioning procedure and duration in days;10.1.5 Test conditions (temperature and humidity);10.1.6 Load-deflection curve for each specimen tested; and10.1.7 Individual and average results of flexural strength,tangent modulus of elasticity, and secant modulus of elasticity.11. Precision and Bias11
