1、Designation: C580 02 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method forFlexural Strength and Modulus of Elasticity of Chemical-Resistant Mortars, Grouts, Monolithic Surfacings, andPolymer Concretes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C580; the number immediately following the designation indi
2、cates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of
3、 the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of flexuralstrength and modulus of elasticity in flexure of cured chemical-resistant materials in the form of molded rectangular beams.These materials include mortars, brick and tile grouts, struc-tural grouts, machiner
4、y grouts, monolithic surfacings (60 milsor greater), and polymer concretes. These materials shall bebased on resin, silicate, silica, or sulfur binders.1.2 A bar of rectangular cross section is tested in flexure asa simple beam in center point loading: the bar rests on twosupports and the load is ap
5、plied by means of a loading nosemidway between supports.1.3 Method A outlines the testing procedure generally usedfor systems containing aggregate less than 0.2 in. (5 mm) insize. Method B covers the testing procedure generally used forsystems containing aggregate from 0.2 to 0.4 in. (10 mm) insize.
6、 Method C is used for systems containing aggregate largerthan 0.4 in.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standar
7、d does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM
8、 Standards:2C904 Terminology Relating to Chemical-Resistant Nonme-tallic MaterialsC1312 Practice for Making and Conditioning Chemical-Resistant Sulfur Polymer Cement Concrete Test Speci-mens in the LaboratoryE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor defi
9、nitions of terms used in this testmethod, see Terminology C904.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is generally applicable to rigid andsemirigid materials. Although flexural strength cannot bedetermined for those materials that do not break, tangentmodulus of elasticity can be determined.4.2
10、 The results obtained by this test method should serve asa guide in, but not as the sole basis for, selection of achemical-resistant material for a particular application. Noattempt has been made to incorporate into this test method allthe various factors that may affect the performance of amaterial
11、 when subjected to actual service.4.3 In addition to the tangent modulus of elasticity, a secantmodulus is calculated at the point on the stress-strain (load-deflection) graph where the strain is 50 % of the maximumstrain.5. Apparatus5.1 Weighing Equipment, shall be capable of weighingmaterials or s
12、pecimens to 60.3 % accuracy.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C03 onChemical-Resistant Nonmetallic Materialsand is the direct responsibility of Sub-committee C03.01 on Mortars and Carbon Brick.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Originallyappr
13、oved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C580 02 (2008).DOI: 10.1520/C0580-02R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Docume
14、nt Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2 Equipment for Mixing Materials , shall consist of acontainer of suitable size, preferably corrosion-resistant, aspatula, trowel, or mechanical mixe
15、r, and a38 in. diameter rodwith a rounded end, for use in casting specimens.5.3 Specimen Molds:5.3.1 Method AMolds to permit the casting of bars 1 6116 in. (25 6 1 mm) square by 10 in. (250 mm) minimumlength.5.3.1.1 For sulfur mortars, the following additional equip-ment is required:(1) Cover Plate,
16、 of a size sufficient to enclose the open sideof the bar mold. The base plate from another similar bar moldhas been found to be acceptable.(2) C-Clamp, large enough to fasten the cover plate se-curely over the bar mold.(3) Melting Chamber, of sufficient volume and heat capac-ity to melt the sulfur m
17、ortar sample and maintain the tempera-ture of the melt between 260 and 290F (127 and 143C).(4) Laboratory Mixer, of such a type and speed to becapable of lifting the aggregate without beating air into themelt.(5) Ladle, of sufficient capacity to completely pour one bar.(6) Masking Tape, 1 in. (25 mm
18、), or an equivalent.5.3.2 Method BMolds to permit the casting of bars 2 618in. (50 6 3 mm) square by 12 in. (300 mm) minimum length.5.3.3 Method CMolds to permit casting of rectangularbeams shall have a minimum cross-sectional dimension of 2 in.and at least three times the nominal maximum size of th
19、ecoarse aggregate in the polymer concrete (Note 1). The barlength shall be at least three times the beam depth plus 2 in.NOTE 1The nominal maximum size of coarse aggregate is that sizenext larger than the largest sieve on which at least 15 % of the coarseaggregate by weight is retained.5.4 Testing M
20、achine The testing machine shall be of anytype sufficient to provide the required load and the rate ofdeflection prescribed. It shall have been verified to have anaccuracy of 1.0 % or better within twelve months of the time ofuse in accordance with Practices E4. It shall be equipped withan appropria
21、te device to record deflection and produce a graphof load versus deflection.5.5 Loading Nose and SupportsThe loading nose andsupports shall have cylindrical surfaces. To avoid excessiveindentation, the radius of the nose and supports shall be at least18 in. for Method A specimens,14 in. for Method B
22、 specimens,and12 in. for Method C specimens.6. Test Specimens6.1 All specimens for a single determination shall be madefrom a single mix containing sufficient amounts of the com-ponents in the proportions and in the manner specified by themanufacturer of the materials. If the proportions so specifie
23、dare by volume, the components shall be weighed and thecorresponding proportions by weight shall be reported.6.1.1 Number of SpecimensPrepare a minimum of six testbar specimens for each material tested. Additional specimensmay be required to establish the cross head speed in 9.3.2.6.2 Specimen Size:
24、6.2.1 For Method A, the specimen shall be 1 6116 in. (256 1 mm) square by 10 to 14 in. (254 to 356 mm) long.6.2.2 For Method B, the specimens shall be 2 618 in. (256 1 mm) square by 12 to 16 in. (305 to 406 mm) long.6.2.3 For Method C, the specimens shall be rectangularbeams with cross section as in
25、 5.3.3 and with a length equal tothe span plus 2 to 12 in. (51 to 305 mm).6.3 Specimen Preparation Temperature :6.3.1 Resin, Silicate, and Silica MaterialsThe standardtemperature of the materials, molds, apparatus, and the ambienttemperature of the mixing area shall be 73 6 4F (23 6 2C),unless other
26、wise specified by the manufacturer. Record theactual temperature.6.3.2 Sulfur Mortars The material shall be maintained at275 6 15F. The temperature of the molds and the ambienttemperature of the mixing area shall be 73 6 4F (23 6 2C).Record the actual temperature.6.3.3 For Sulfur Concrete, the mater
27、ial, mold, apparatus,and mixing equipment shall be 275 6 15F (135 6 8C),unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer. Refer toPractice C1312.6.4 Molding Test Specimens:6.4.1 Lubricate the mold by applying a thin film of anappropriate mold release or lubricant.6.4.2 Resin, Silicate, and Silica Mate
28、rialsMix a sufficientamount of the components in the proportions and in the mannerspecified by the manufacturer of the materials. Fill the moldsone-half full. Remove any entrapped air by using a cutting andstabbing motion with a spatula or rounded-end rod. Fill theremainder of the mold, working down
29、 into the previouslyplaced portion. Upon completion of the filling operation, thetops of the specimens should extend slightly above the tops ofthe molds. When the molds have been filled, strike off theexcess material, even with the top of the mold. Permit thematerial to remain in the mold until it h
30、as set sufficiently toallow removal without danger of deformation or breakage.6.4.3 Silicate MaterialsSome silicates may require cover-ing during the curing period. After removal from the molds,acid-treat the specimens, if required, in accordance with therecommendations given by the manufacturer. No
31、 other treat-ment shall be permitted. Record the method of treatment in thereport section under Conditioning Procedure.6.4.4 Sulfur Mortars:6.4.4.1 Assemble the mold described in 5.3.1 for the speci-mens. Cover the bolt hole in the mold end piece with 1 in. (25mm) masking tape or other material.6.4.
32、4.2 Carefully place the cover plate onto the mold,covering only one of the end pieces. Apply a C-clamp aroundthe mold and cover plate in such a manner as to hold thelongitudinal mold pieces firmly in place with the cover plate.6.4.4.3 Remove the uncovered end piece, being careful notto disturb the s
33、ide bars.6.4.4.4 Stand the mold on end, supporting it in such amanner that it will not tip.6.4.4.5 Slowly melt approximately 5 lb (2.3 kg) of sulfurmortar in the melt chamber at a temperature of 275 6 15Fwhile stirring gently with the laboratory mixer. (The mixerC580 02 (2012)2speed should be contro
34、lled so that it is sufficient to lift theaggregate without beating air into the melt.)6.4.4.6 Using the ladle, fill each mold completely, allowingthe molten material to just reach the upper end of the mold.6.4.4.7 Carefully watch the end of the fresh casting andcontinually “top-off” the pour as shri
35、nkage occurs (approxi-mately three times).6.4.5 Sulfur Concrete Refer to Practice C1312.7. Conditioning7.1 Resin, Silica, and Silicate MaterialsAge the testspecimens for a period of seven days, including the cure periodin the mold, at 73 6 4F (23 6 2C) and relative humidity lessthan 80 % before test
36、ing.7.2 Sulfur Materials Before testing, condition the speci-mens at 73 6 4F. The time between casting the specimens andtesting the specimens shall be at least 24 h.7.3 If longer or shorter conditioning time is used, theconditioning time shall be reported.8. Procedure8.1 Measurement of SpecimensMeas
37、ure the depth andwidth of all test specimens to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm)using a micrometer. Make two measurements for each dimen-sion near the middle of the beams length and average them.8.2 The testing machine shall be set up to test the specimensin simple bending with two supports and the
38、load being appliedby means of a loading nose midway between the supports.8.2.1 Method AThe span shall be 9 6 0.1 in. (230 6 2mm).8.2.2 Method BThe span shall be 10 6 0.1 in. (254 6 3mm).8.2.3 Method CThe span shall be beam depth times 3 62%.8.3 Cross Head Speed:8.3.1 In order to achieve a strain rat
39、e of 0.01 6 0.001 perminute at the top and bottom of the beam, set the testingmachine to produce a cross head speed as determined by thefollowing formula:Speed 50.00167 3 L2d(1)where:speed = the cross head speed, in./min (mm/min),L = span, in. (mm), andd = depth of beam tested, in. (mm).8.3.2 For su
40、lfur concrete, load the specimen continuouslyand without shock. The load may be applied rapidly up toapproximately 50 % of the breaking load. Thereafter, apply theload at such a rate that constantly increases the extreme fiberstress between 125 and 175 psi/min (0.86 and 1.21 MPa/min),when calculated
41、 in accordance with 9.1, until rupture occurs.8.4 Place the specimen in the testing machine in such amanner that the faces of the beam that were in contact with thetrue plane surfaces of the mold are in contact with the supportsand the center loading nose. Center the beam over thespecimen supports.8
42、.5 Apply the load to the specimen at the speed calculated in8.3.1 (this is the cross head speed of the machine when runningwithout load) and record load deflection data. Deflection shallbe measured by either a transducer under the specimen and incontact with it at the center of the span, or by the m
43、easurementof the motion of the loading nose relative to the supports.8.5.1 Stop the test when the specimen breaks or the loaddrops off 25 % from its highest value.9. Calculations9.1 Flexural StrengthThe flexural strength is equal to thestress calculated at maximum load. It is calculated as follows:S
44、 5 3 PL/2 bd2(2)where:S = stress in the specimen at midspan, psi (MPa),P = the maximum load at or prior to the moment of crackor break, lbf (or N),L = span, in. (mm),b = width of beam tested, in. (mm), andd = depth of beam tested, in. (mm).9.2 Modulus of Elasticity (Tangent) The tangent modulusof el
45、asticity is the ratio, within the elastic limit, of stress tocorresponding strain, and shall be expressed in psi (MPa). It iscalculated by drawing a tangent line to the steepest initialportion of the load-deformation curve and calculating asfollows:ET5 L3M1/4 bd3(3)where:ET= tangent modulus of elast
46、icity in bending, psi (GPa),L = span, in. (mm),b = width of beam tested, in. (mm),d = depth of beam tested, in. (mm), andM1= slope of the tangent to the initial straight-line portionof the load-deflection curve, lbf/in. (N/mm) deflection.9.3 Modulus of Elasticity (Secant) :9.3.1 The secant modulus o
47、f elasticity is the ratio of stress tocorresponding strain at any specified point of the stress straincurve. It shall be expressed in psi (GPa).9.3.2 Under this procedure the secant modulus of elasticityshall be calculated at the point at which the deflection is 50 %of the maximum deflection. It sha
48、ll be calculated as follows:ES5 L3M2/4 bd3(4)where:ES= the secant modulus of elasticity in bending, psi (GPa),L = span, in. (mm),b = width of beam tested, in. (mm),d = depth of beam tested, in. (mm), andM2= the slope of a line drawn from the origin through thepoint on the load deflection curve where
49、 the deflec-tion = 50 % of the maximum deflection, lbf/in. (N/mm).10. Report10.1 Report the following information:C580 02 (2012)310.1.1 Manufacturer, product trade name, generic type, andlot number;10.1.2 Method used, bar dimensions, and testing span;10.1.3 Mixing ratio and component weights;10.1.4 Conditioning procedure and duration in days;10.1.5 Test conditions (temperature and humidity);10.1.6 Load-deflection curve for each specimen tested; and10.1.7 Individual and average results of flexural strength,tangent modulus of elasticity, an
