1、Designation: C 582 02An American National StandardStandard Specification forContact-Molded Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic (RTP)Laminates for Corrosion-Resistant Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 582; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
2、oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Departmen
3、t of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers composition, thickness, fabri-cating procedures, and physical property requirements for glassfiber reinforced thermoset polyester, vinyl ester, or otherqualified thermosetting resin laminates comprising the materi-als of construction for RTP corrosi
4、on-resistant tanks, piping,and equipment. This specification is limited to fabrication bycontact molding.NOTE 1The laminates covered by this specification are manufacturedduring fabrication of contact-molded RTP tanks, piping, and otherequipment.NOTE 2There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.1
5、.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 8, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety
6、and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 581 Practice for Determining Chemical Resistance ofThermosetting Resins Used in Glass Fiber ReinforcedStructures Intended for Liquid Service2D 638 Test Method for T
7、ensile Properties of Plastics3D 695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of RigidPlastics3D 790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-als3D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics3D 2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rig
8、idPlastics by Means of a Barcol Impressor4D 2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured ReinforcedResins4D 3681 Test Method for Chemical Resistance of “Fiber-glass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipein a Deflected Condition2E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuildin
9、g Materials53. Definitions3.1 Definitions used in this specification are in accordancewith Terminology D 883 unless otherwise indicated. Theabbreviation for reinforced thermoset plastic is RTP.3.2 polyesterresins produced by the polycondensation ofdihydroxyderivatives and dibasic organic acids or an
10、hydrides,wherein at least one component contributes ethylenic unsat-uration yielding resins that can be compounded with styrylmonomers and reacted to give highly crosslinked thermosetcopolymers.3.3 vinyl esterresins characterized by reactive unsatura-tion located predominately in terminal positions
11、that can becompounded with styryl monomers and reacted to give highlycrosslinked thermoset copolymers.NOTE 3These resins are handled in the same way as polyesters infabrication of RTP components.3.4 contact moldinga method of fabrication wherein theglass-fiber reinforcement is applied to the mold, i
12、n the form ofchopped strand mat or woven roving, by hand or from a reel,or in the form of chopped strands of continuous-filament glassfrom a chopper-spray gun. The resin matrix is applied byvarious methods, including brush, roller, or spray gun. Con-solidation of the composite laminate is by rolling
13、.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on ReinforcedPlastic Piping Systems and Chemical Equipment.Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previous
14、 edition approved in 1995 as C 582 95.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428
15、-2959, United States.4. Classification4.1 Laminates shall be classified according to type, class,and grade.4.1.1 TypeIn Roman numerals, shall designate the rein-forcement structure comprised of specific plies of glass fiber inspecific sequences.4.1.1.1 Type IA standard all-mat or chopped-roving con-
16、struction, or both, as shown in Table 1.4.1.1.2 Type IIA standard mat or chopped-roving andwoven-roving construction, or combination thereof, as shownin Table 2.4.1.1.3 Other types, such as standard mat or chopped rovingwith alternating layers of nonwoven biaxial or unidirectionalreinforcement in th
17、e structured plies. may be qualified inaccordance with Appendix X2.4.1.2 ClassIn capital letters, shall designate the genericresin: “P” for polyester and “V” for vinyl ester. The letters“FS” followed by parenthesis, “FS( ),” shall designate fireretardancy, if specified, with maximum flame spread in
18、theparentheses in accordance with Test Method E84.NOTE 4Fire retardancy by Test Method E84 is determined for0.125-in. (3.175-mm) thick, flat laminates with all-mat glass content of 25to 30 %.NOTE 5Maximum flame spread designation by Test Method E84relates to measurement and description of the proper
19、ties of materials,products, or systems in response to heat and flame under controlledlaboratory conditions and should not be considered or used for thedescription or appraisal of the fire hazard of materials, products, orsystems under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may beused
20、as elements of a fire risk assessment that takes into account all thefactors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard or a particularend use.4.1.3 GradeIn Arabic numerals, shall designate the mini-mum physical property levels of a laminate at 73.4 6 3.6F (236 2C).NOTE 6The five Arabic
21、grade numbers designate minimum physicalproperty levels of a laminate obtained from tests of representativeproduction process samples. They are not arbitrarily selected values.4.1.4 ThicknessNominal, shall be designated by Arabicnumber in decimal hundredths of an inch. (See Table 1 andTable 2 for st
22、andard thicknesses.)NOTE 7Table 1 and Table 2 are for reference purposes and do notpreclude other laminate-type constructions, such as nonwoven biaxial orunidirectional fabric, which may be agreed upon between the buyer andthe seller, or may be added to this specification if they have been fullyiden
23、tified and characterized, as shown in Appendix X2.4.1.5 Classification Requirements for Different LaminatesLaminate designation from Table 3 shall consist of the abbre-viation RTP followed by (1) type in Roman numerals; (2) classin capital letters followed by FS( ) if required; (3) gradeconsisting o
24、f fiveArabic numbers to designate minimum levelsof physical properties and (4) thickness designated by Arabicnumber in decimal inches (or ALL, if properties apply to allthicknesses).4.1.5.1 Examples:(1) RTP I P 13211 ALL, designates Type I polyesterlaminate, non-fire-retardant Grade 13211, having th
25、e followingminimum physical property levels (see Table 3):Tensile strength, ultimate9000 psi (62 MPa).Tensile modulus1 050 000 psi (7242 MPa).Flexural strength, ultimate18 000 psi (124 MPa).Flexural modulus700 000 psi (4828 MPa).Glass content25 %.Thickness“ALL” thicknesses.(2) RTP II P FS(25) 55433.
26、30, designates Type II,polyester fire-retardant resin laminate with a maximum flamespread of 25, Grade 55433 having the following minimumphysical property levels (see Table 3):Tensile strength, ultimate17 500 psi (121 MPa).Tensile modulus1 300 000 psi (8966 MPa).Flexural strength, ultimate22 000 psi
27、 (152 MPa).Flexural modulus1 000 000 psi (6897 MPa).TABLE 1 Standard Laminate Composition Type IACalculatedThicknessBCCorrosionBarrierDStructural PliesENumber and Sequence of PliesDraftingSymbolsin. (m) 1 23456789101121314151617180.18 (4.6) V MMMM V, 4M0.23 (5.8) V MMMMM V, 5M0.27 (6.9) V MMMMMM V,
28、6M0.31 (7.9) V MMMMMMM V, 7M0.35 (8.9) V MMMMMMMM V,8M0.40 (10.2) V MMMMMMMMM V,9M0.4 (1.2) V MMMMMMMMMM V,10M0.48 (12.) V MMMMMMMMMMM V,1M0.53 (13.5) V MMMMMMMMMMMM V,12M0.57 (14.5) V MMMMMMMMMMMMM V,13M0.61 (15.) V MMMMMMMMMMMMMM V,14M0.6 (16.8) V MMMMMMMMMMMMMMM V,15M0.70 (17.8) V MMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
29、M V,16M0.74 (18.) V MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM V,17MAGlass content, weight, % = 25 to 30, all thickness.BCalculated thickness for design purposes is determined as follows:V = Surfacing mat 0.010 in./ply (0.25 mm/ply) when saturated with resin.M=11/2 oz/ft2(459 g/m2) mat 0.043 in./ply (1.1 mm/ply) when satura
30、ted with resin.CThe thickness shall be not less than 90 % of the calculated thickness shown.DCorrosion barrier (Plies 1, 2, and 3) shall gel before structural plies are added.EStructural lay-up may be interrupted at intervals long enough to exotherm if required by the laminate manufacturing procedur
31、e and 6.3.1.C582022Glass content30 %.Thickness0.30 in. (7.62 mm).5. Materials5.1 Resin Matrix System:5.1.1 The resin shall be determined to be acceptable for theservice either by test, see 8.6, or by verified case history.5.1.2 Catalyst/Promoter System, shall be as recommendedor approved by the resi
32、n producer.5.1.3 Diluents, such as added styrene, fillers, dyes, pig-ments, or flame retardants shall be used only when agreed uponbetween the fabricator and the buyer. When such items arerequired, limits for each shall be agreed upon between thefabricator and the buyer. A thixotropic agent may be a
33、dded tothe resin for viscosity control.NOTE 8The addition of fillers, dyes, pigments, flame retardants, andthixotropic agents may interfere with visual inspection of laminate quality.NOTE 9Chemical resistance can be significantly affected by theTABLE 2 Standard Laminate Composition Type IICalculated
34、ThicknessABGlassContent(weight,%)CorrosionBarrierCStructural PliesDNumber and Sequence of PliesDraftingSymbolsin. (m) 123456789101121314151617181920210.22 (5.6) 28 to 33 V M M M R M V, 2M, MRM0.29 (7.4) 30 to 35 V M M M R M R M V, 2M, 2(MR)M0.37 (9.4) 30 to 35 V M M M R M R M R M V, 2M, 3(MR)M0.41 (
35、10.4) 30 to 35 V M M M R M R M R M M V, 2M, 3(MR)M,M0.49 (12.5) 34 to 38 V M M M R M R M R M M R M V, 2M, 3(MR)M,MRM0.57 (14.5) 34 to 38 V M M M R M R M R M M R M R M V, 2M, 3(MR)M,2(MR)M0.64 (16.3) 37 to 41 V M M M R M R M R M M R M R M R M V, 2M, 3(MR)M,3(MR)M0.69 (17.5) 37 to 41 V M M M R M R M R
36、 M M R M R M R M M V, 2M, 3(MR)M,3(MR)M,M0.76 (19.3) 37 to 41 V M M M R M R M R M M R M R M R M M R M V, 2M, 3(MR)M,3(MR)M,MRMACalculated thickness for design purposes is determined as follows:V = Surfacing mat 0.010 in./ply (0.25 mm/ply) when saturated with resin.M=11/2 oz/ft2(459 g/m2) mat = 0.043
37、 in./ply (1.1 mm/ply) when saturated with resin.R=241/2 oz/yd2(832 g/m2)53 4 woven roving = 0.033 in./ply (0.84 mm/ply) when saturated with resin.BThe thickness shall be not less than 90 % of the calculated thickness shown.CCorrosion barrier (Plies 1, 2, and 3) shall gel before structural plies are
38、added.DStructural lay-up may be interrupted long enough to exotherm following an “M” ply, if required by the laminate manufacturing procedure. Location of exotherm pliesmay be shifted within the laminate body. No plies may be omitted. Refer to 6.3.1.TABLE 3 Classification System for Hand Lay-up Lami
39、nates Using Minimum Property ValuesAClassification OrderRTP followed by:(1) Type I II III IV V(2) Class PPolyesterVVinylester. . . . . . . . . followed by FS ( ), ifspecified with flamespread in parentheses inaccordance with TestMethod E84Physical and Mechanical Properties(3) Grade 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
40、 01st Digit: Tensile strength, 9 11 13 15 17.5 20 . . . . . . . . . . . .ultimate psi 3 103(MPa) (62) (76) (90) (104) (121) (138) . . . . . . . . . . . .2nd Digit: Tensile modulus, 0.85 0.95 1.05 1.15 1.3 1.5 1.75 2.0 . . . . . .tangent psi 3 103(MPa) (5 863) (6 552) (7 242) (7 932) (8 966) (10 346)
41、 (12 070) (13 794) . . . . . .3rd Digit: Flexural strength, 16 18 20 22 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ultimate psi 3 103(MPa) (110) (124) (138) (152) (166) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4th Digit: Flexural modulus, 0.7 0.85 1.0 1.15 1.3 1.5 . . . . . . . . . . . .psi 3 106(MPa) (4 828) (5 863) (6 8
42、97) (7 932) (8 966) (10 346) . . . . . . . . . . . .5th Digit: Glass content, by 25 28 30 34 37 40 44 . . . . . . . . .weight, %ATable will be completed as new resins and higher strength laminates become available.C582023catalyst/promoter system, diluents, dyes, fillers, flame retardants, orthixotro
43、pic agent used in the resin.5.1.4 Resin Pastes, used where necessary to fill crevicesformed by joining subassemblies before overlay shall not besubject to the limitations of 5.1.3. Pastes shall be made withthixotropic agents.5.1.5 Ultraviolet Absorbers, may be added to the exteriorsurface for improv
44、ed weather resistance when agreed uponbetween the fabricator and the buyer.5.2 Fiber Reinforcement:5.2.1 Surfacing Mat (veil) is a thin mat of fine fibers usedprimarily to produce a smooth surface on a reinforced plastic.5.2.1.1 Veil shall be determined to be acceptable for theservice either by Test
45、 Methods C 581 or D 3681,orbyaverified case history.5.2.1.2 Requirements of acceptable surface veils are:(a) Resin compatibility,(b) Uniform fiber distribution,(c) Single filaments (not bundled),(d) The thickness shall be a minimum of 10 mils per plywhen saturated with resin, and(e) Minimum fiber le
46、ngth shall be 0.5 in.NOTE 10The chemical resistance of the RTP laminate is provided bythe resin. In combination with the cured resin, the surfacing veil helpsdetermine the thickness of the resin-rich layer, reduces microcracking, andprovides a nonwicking chemically resistant layer.Additional desirab
47、le considerations in choosing a veil for a specificapplication include:(a) Drapability (surfacing veil should conform to mold shape),(b) Dry and wet tensile strength,(c) Binder solubility (if used),(d) Wetability,(e) Surfacing veil shall wet-out completely without trapping air duringlaminating, and(
48、f) Surfacing veil should not inhibit resin cure.5.2.2 Chopped-Strand Mat, shall be “E” or “ECR” typeglass fiber, 112 oz/ft2(459 g/m2), with sizing and bindercompatible with the resin.5.2.3 Woven Roving, shall be “E” or “ECR” type glass, 2412oz/yd2(832 g/m2), 5 by 4 square weave fabric having a sizin
49、gcompatible with the resin.5.2.4 Roving, used in chopper guns for spray-up application,shall be “E” or “ECR” type glass with sizing compatible withthe resin.5.2.5 Other Reinforcements, such as nonwoven biaxial orunidirectional fabric. These products shall be a commercialgrade of “E” or “ECR” type glass fiber with a sizing that iscompatible with the resin.5.3 Laminates:5.3.1 Laminate construction shall be in accordance with thetabulated lay-up sequence for the specified type.5.3.2 Type I, laminate structure is detailed in Table 1.5.3.3 Type II,
