1、Designation: C 586 05Standard Test Method forPotential Alkali Reactivity of Carbonate Rocks as ConcreteAggregates (Rock-Cylinder Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 586; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test m
3、ethod covers the determination of the expan-sion of a specimen of carbonate rock while immersed in asolution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at room temperature.The length changes occurring during such immersion indicatethe general level of reactivity of the rock and whether testsshould be made to determ
4、ine the effect of aggregate preparedfrom the rock upon the volume change in concrete.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices an
5、d determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided forinformation only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents o
6、f Con-crete AggregatesC 295 Guide for Petrographic Examination of Aggregatesfor ConcreteC 1105 Test Method for Length Change of Concrete Due toAlkali-Carbonate Rock ReactionD75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD 1248 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics ExtrusionMaterials for Wire and CableE 177 P
7、ractice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms relating to aggregates used inthis test method, refer to Descriptive Nomenclature C 294.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Small rock cylinders are immersed in a solution ofNaOH except when remove
8、d for determination of lengthchange. The length change of each specimen is periodicallydetermined.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended to give a relatively rapidindication of the potential expansive reactivity of certaincarbonate rocks that may be used as concrete aggregates. Thet
9、est method has been successfully used in (1) research and (2)preliminary screening of aggregate sources to indicate thepresence of material with a potential for deleterious expansionwhen used in concrete.5.2 The test method is intended as a research and screeningmethod rather than as the basis of a
10、specification requirement.It is intended to supplement data from field service records,petrographic examinations according to Guide C 295, and testsof aggregate in concrete according to Test Method C 1105.5.3 Alkalies participating in the expansive reactions withaggregate constituents in concrete us
11、ually are derived from thehydraulic cement; under certain circumstances they may bederived from other constituents of concrete or from externalsources. Two types of alkali reactivity of aggregates arerecognized: (1) alkali-silica reaction involving certain siliceousrocks, minerals, and artificial gl
12、asses, and (2) alkali carbonatereaction involving dolomite in certain calcitic dolomites, do-lomitic limestones, and dolostones. This test method is notsuitable as a means to detect alkali-silica reaction.6. Apparatus and Reagents6.1 1 N Sodium Hydroxide SolutionDissolve 40 6 1gofreagent-grade sodiu
13、m hydroxide (NaOH) in distilled water,dilute to 1 L and store in a polyethylene bottle.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC 09.26 on Chemical Reactions.Current edition approved May 15, 2
14、005. Published June 2005. Originallyapproved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C 586 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standar
15、ds Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.2 Sawing, Drilling, and Grinding Equipment, suitable forpreparing test specimens of the dimensions given in Section 8.This will require one
16、 or more rock saws, depending upon thesize of the original sample, a drill press equipped with a smalldiamond core barrel for removing the cylindrical core, and alap, grinder, or suitable modified lathe for shaping the ends ofthe specimens.6.3 Storage Bottles, approximately 50 to 100-mL capacitywith
17、 caps and openings of sufficient size to facilitate removalof specimens. The polyethylene bottle shall be selected toensure that the solution will not be modified by reaction withthe material composing the container, including pigments orother additives or by transpiration of phases through the wall
18、sof the container. Bottles with wall thickness not less than 0.50mm (0.020 in.) and composed of high density polyethylenemeeting the requirements of Specification D 1248 for materialsof Type III, Class A, are suitable.6.4 Length Comparator, for convenient and rapid measure-ment of lengths of specime
19、ns, the comparator shall be of suchdesign as to provide, permit, or include the following charac-teristics. One type of comparator which has been foundsatisfactory is shown in Fig. 1.6.4.1 A positive means of contact with the conical ends ofthe specimen to ensure reproducible measurement of length.
20、AFIG. 1 A Typical Length ComparatorC586052variety of contact points have been used successfully. Careshould be exercised to ensure that when using specimens withconical ends as described in 8.3, contact is made on the endalong a circle which is concentric about the long axis of thespecimen. If the m
21、easuring device is a barrel micrometer, itshall have a ratchet stop to produce a constant pressure on thespecimen,6.4.2 A high-grade barrel or dial micrometer graduated toread in 0.001 or 0.002mm (0.0001in.) units, and accuratewithin 0.002 mm (0.0001 in.) in any 0.020mm (0.0010in.)range, and within
22、0.004 mm (0.0002 in.) in any 0.200mm(0.0100in.) range. The measuring device should be calibratedthroughout its range to determine both periodic and cumulativeerrors for proper correction of observed data.6.4.3 Asufficient range to allow for small differences amonggage lengths of various specimens. I
23、f care is taken in thefabrication of the specimens, a measuring device with a travelof not less than 7.5 mm (0.3 in.) provides ample range in theinstrument, and6.4.4 A standard or reference shall be used for checking themeasuring device at regular intervals. The bar that serves as areference for the
24、 length comparator shall have an over-alllength of 35 6 2 mm (1.38 6 0.08 in.) The length of the barshall be known to an accuracy of 0.002 mm (0.0001 in.). Thebar shall be fused silica or a steel alloy having a coefficient ofthermal expansion not greater than 1.0 3 106C. Each endshall be machined to
25、 the same shape as that of the rockspecimens. If a steel alloy is used, it shall be polished (SeeNote 1). The reference bar shall be placed in the instrument inthe same position each time a length measurement is made.Themicrometer setting of the measuring device shall be checked byuse of the referen
26、ce bar at least at the beginning and end of thereadings made within a half day when the apparatus is kept ina room maintained at constant temperature. It shall be checkedmore often when kept in a room where temperature is notconstant.NOTE 1Steel alloys with low thermal expansion coefficient should n
27、otbe heat treated because they lose their low coefficient of thermalexpansion when so treated.7. Sampling7.1 Sample the rock in accordance with the applicablerequirements of Practice D75, except that the sample mass ofeach discernable stratum shall be at least 1 kg, and individualpieces shall be not
28、 less than 75 3 75 3 75 mm in size.7.2 Sampling should be under the direction of an individualcapable of distinguishing differences in lithology, and thesample of rock should be taken to represent only the particularlithology under consideration bearing in mind the limitationsand significance of thi
29、s method as stated in Section 5. Eachsample of rock should be in one piece of sufficient size forpreparing the necessary test specimens.7.3 One test specimen will sufficiently represent the sampleof rock unless shale seams or other discontinuities are presentor the bedding is not discernible. In the
30、se cases, prepare andtest 3 mutually perpendicular specimens. Of such three speci-mens that one showing the greatest length change after 28 daysof immersion in alkali solution as determined in 9.7 shall beused. Discard the remaining two.8. Test Specimens8.1 Test specimens shall be in the form of rig
31、ht circularcylinders or square prisms with conical or plane parallel ends,unless otherwise specified.8.2 The specimen shall have an over-all length of 35 6 5mm (1.38 6 0.20 in.) and a diameter or sides of 9 6 1mm(0.35 6 0.04 in.) for cylinders and prisms respectively. Careshall be exercised in the p
32、reparation of the specimens to avoidalteration of the cylindrical surface by polishing or withmaterials which will affect the rate of entry of alkali solutioninto the rock.8.3 The included angle of the conical ends shall be approxi-mately 120.8.4 Fabricate specimens having flatend faces in such aman
33、ner as to ensure that the faces are parallel to each other andperpendicular to the major axis of the specimen (see Note 2).NOTE 2End faces parallel to each other and perpendicular to themajor axis of the specimen can be made by turning the specimen in a smalllathe and using tool steel to cut the end
34、s.9. Procedure9.1 Place a position mark on the specimen to permit placingthe specimen in the comparator in the same position duringsubsequent measurements.9.2 Measure the length of the test specimen.9.3 Immerse the specimen in distilled water at a roomtemperature in the range of 20 to 27.5 C (68 to
35、81.5 F).9.4 At intervals, remove the specimen, blot to removeexcess surface water and measure until the change in lengthduring a 24-h water immersion period does not exceed 0.02 %as calculated in 10.1. The length when in this condition is takenas the reference length. The reference length is usually
36、achieved after 1 to 4 days of immersion.9.5 Immerse the water-saturated specimens in a bottlecontaining a minimum of 35 mL of 1N NaOH solution perspecimen at room temperature and seal. Immerse no more thantwo specimens in a bottle.9.6 Measure the length of the specimens after 7, 14, 21, and28 days o
37、f immersion in NaOH solution and at 4-weekintervals thereafter. If the tests continue beyond 1 year, makemeasurements at 12-week intervals.9.7 When measurements are made, remove the specimenfrom the bottle, rinse with distilled water, blot to removeexcess surface water and determine its length in th
38、e sameposition as during the initial measurement.9.8 After measurement, immediately return the specimen tothe bottle and reseal.9.9 Replace the solution every 6 months during the testingperiod.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the length change to the nearest 0.01 % ofthe reference length as follows:Dl
39、5 l1 l0!/l0# 3 100 (1)where:Dl = % length change at test age,l1= length in mm (in.) at test age, andC586053l0= reference length after equilibrium in water, as outlinedin 9.4.11. Report11.1 Report the following:11.1.1 Identification number,11.1.2 Type and source of rock,11.1.3 Specimen shape and dime
40、nsions if other than rightcircular cylinder,11.1.4 Length change in percent to the nearest 0.01 % ateach time of measurement.Where no times of measurement arespecifically requested, data should be presented for at least thefollowing ages: 1, 4, 8, and 16 weeks and the age at the finalmeasurement.11.
41、1.5 Significant features revealed by examination ofspecimen during and after storage in alkali solution, such ascracking, warping, splitting, etc., and11.1.6 Other significant information as deemed necessary,such as petrographic and chemical analyses.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Precision:12.1.1 If th
42、e results of replicate specimens measured by thesame operator and which presumably represent the samematerial, differ by more than 0.10 percentage point for expan-sions less than 1.0 %, it is highly probable that the specimensrepresent rocks that are significantly different in chemicalcomposition, t
43、exture, or both.12.1.2 The single-operator, single-comparator, single-specimen precision has been found to be 60.02 percentagepoint (3S) as defined in Practice E 177.12.1.3 The multi-operator, single-comparator, single-specimen precision has been found to be 60.03 percentagepoint (3S) as defined in
44、Practice E 177.12.1.4 The multi-operator, multi-comparator, single-specimen precision has been found to be 60.05 percentagepoint (3S) as defined in Practice E 177.12.1.5 In a single laboratory, single operator study of therange of expansion of pairs of rock cylinders from 29 samplesof rock from a si
45、ngle quarry (each pair of cylinders cut from adifferent sample block approximately 75 3 75 3 50 mm insize), the following data were found:12.1.5.1 For pairs of specimens giving average expansion ofless than 0.50 %, the average standard deviation was found tobe 0.0255 %3; therefore, the difference in
46、 expansion betweenpairs of cylinders cut from a single block should only exceed0.072 %3one time in twenty when the average expansion isless than 0.50 %.12.1.5.2 For pairs of specimens giving average expansion ofmore than 0.50 %, the average standard deviation was found tobe 0.095 %3; therefore, the
47、difference in expansion betweenpairs of cylinders cut from a single block should only exceed0.269 %3one time in twenty when the average expansion ismore than 0.50 %.12.2 BiasThe procedure in this test method for measuringexpansion has no bias because the expansion can be definedonly in terms of this
48、 test method.13. Keywords13.1 aggregate; alkali reactivity; carbonate rocks; concrete;deleterious expansionAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. Interpretation of ResultsX1.1 Since the expansion caused by reactions betweencement alkalies and carbonate aggregates is sensitive to subtlechanges in aggr
49、egate lithology, the results of measurementsshould be interpreted with full recognition of the variableswhich would affect the results obtained. The acceptance orrejection of aggregate sources based solely on the results of thistest is not recommended since, in commercial production,expansive and nonexpansive materials may occur in closeproximity and the securing of samples adequately representa-tive of the variability of the production of the source is adifficult task and requires the efforts of an individual trained todistinguish differences in lithology.X1.2 The
