1、2010年专业英语八级真题试卷及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture
2、. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 1 Paralinguistic Features of Language In face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tones of vo
3、ice or change their physical postures in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories. I. First category: vocal paralinguistic features A. 【 1】 _: to express attitude or intention B. examples 1. whispering: need for secrecy 2. b
4、reathiness: deep emotion 3. 【 2】 _: unimportance 4. nasality; anxiety 5. extra lip rounding: greater intimacy II. Second category: physical paralinguistic features A. facial expressions 1. 【 3】 _ smiling: signal of pleasure or welcome 2. less common expressions eyebrow raising; surprise or interest
5、lip biting: 【 4】 _ B. gesture Gestures are related to culture. 1. British culture shrugging shoulders; 【 5】 _ scratching head; puzzlement 2. other cultures placing hand upon heart; 【 6】 _ pointing at nose; secret C. proximity; physical distance between speakers 1. proximity: physical distance betwee
6、n speakers closeness: intimacy or threat 【 7】 _: formality or absence of interest Proximity is person-, culture-and 【 8】 _-specific. 2. posture hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate 【 9】 _ direct level eye contact; to express an open or challenging attitude 3. echoing definition: imitatio
7、n of similar posture 【 10】 _: aid in communication conscious imitation: mockery 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Ques
8、tions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to Dr. Johnson, diversity means_. （ A） merging of different culture identities （ B） more emphasis on homogeneity
9、（ C） embracing of more ethnic differences （ D） acceptance of more branches of Christianity 12 According to the interview, which of the following statements is CORRECT? （ A） Some places are more diverse than others. （ B） Towns are less diverse than large cities. （ C） Diversity can be seen everywhere.
10、 （ D） America is a truly diverse country. 13 According to Dr. Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racial makeup by 2025 ? （ A） Maine. （ B） Selinsgrove. （ C） Philadelphia. （ D） California. 14 During the interview Dr. Johnson indicates that_. （ A） greater racial diversity exists
11、among younger populations （ B） both older and younger populations are racially diverse （ C） age diversity could lead to pension problems （ D） older populations are more racially diverse 15 According to the interview, religious diversity_. （ A） was most evident between 1990 and 2000 （ B） exist among
12、Muslim immigrants （ C） is restricted to certain places in the US （ D） is spreading to more parts of the country SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will
13、be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 What is the main idea of the news item? （ A） Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones. （ B） Japan will market its wallet phone abroad. （ C） The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations. （ D） Reader devices are available at stores and stati
14、ons. 17 Which of the following is mentioned as the governments measure to control inflation? （ A） Foreign investment. （ B） Donor support. （ C） Price control. （ D） Bank prediction. 18 According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe? （ A） 20 million percent. （ B） 2. 2 million
15、 percent. （ C） 11.2 million percent. （ D） Over 11.2 million percent. 19 Which of the following is CORRECT? （ A） A big fire erupted on the Nile River. （ B） Helicopters were used to evacuate people. （ C） Five people were taken to hospital for burns. （ D） A big fire took place on two floors. 20 The lik
16、ely cause of the big fire is_. （ A） electrical short-circuit （ B） lack of fire-safety measures （ C） terrorism （ D） not known 21 Among the great cities of the world, Kolkata (formerly spelt as Calcutta) , the capital of Indias West Bengal, and the home of nearly 15 million people, is often mentioned
17、as the only one that still has a large fleet of hand-pulled rickshaws. Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. Its the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, throug
18、h lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older women with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rick
19、shaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafes or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are school children. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essenti
20、ally becomes a family retainer. From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains. During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldnt be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pull
21、ers waists. When its raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, “When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws. “ While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian
22、states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among Indias 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a few hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they s
23、leep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera a combination of garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees ( about $ 2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until youve visited a dera. They gro
24、ss between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kol
25、kata occupations in income, doing better than only the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar. There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the
26、 idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the editor
27、ial pages of Kolkatas Telegraph Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. “I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,“ he s
28、aid, “but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood. “ Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata. When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the governments plan to rid the city of rickshaws w
29、as based on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head a gesture I interpreted to mean, “ If you are so naive as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on. “ Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their
30、livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something in its place. As migrant workers, they dont have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkatas sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalk, selling absolutely
31、everything or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. “The government was the government of the poor people,“ one sardar told me. “ Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people. “ But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will s
32、imply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as theyre supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first hi
33、gh West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settle
34、ment ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. I may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, “has difficulty letting go. “ One day a city official handed me a report from the m
35、unicipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated. “Which option has been chosen?“ I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit. “That hasnt been decided,“ he said. “When will it be decided?“ “That hasnt been decided,“ he said.
36、21 According to the passage, rickshaws are used, in Kolkata mainly for the following purposes EXPECT _. （ A） taking foreign tourists around the city （ B） providing transport to school children （ C） carrying store supplied and purchases （ D） carrying people over short distances 22 Which of the follow
37、ing statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar? （ A） They come from a relatively poor area. （ B） They are provided with decent accommodation. （ C） Their living standards are very low in Kolkata. （ D） They are often caught by policemen in the streets. 23 That “For someone without land
38、or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar“ (4th paragraph) means that even so, _. （ A） the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar （ B） the poor from Bihar fare better than back home （ C） the poor never try to make a living in Bihar （ D） the poor never seem to resent their life i
39、n Kolkata 24 We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware people_. （ A） hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws （ B） strongly support the ban on rickshaws （ C） call for humanitarian actions for rickshaw pullers （ D） keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws 25 Which of the
40、 following statements conveys the authors sense of humour? （ A） . not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. (2nd paragraph) （ B） . , which sounds like a pretty good deal until youve visited a dera. (4th paragraph) （ C） Kolkata, a resident told me, “has difficulty letting go. “(7th
41、 paragraph) （ D） . or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. (6th paragraph) 26 The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggest （ A） the uncertainty of the courts decision （ B） the inefficiency of the municipal g
42、overnment （ C） the difficulty of finding a good solution （ D） the slowness in processing options 27 Depending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says national public radio) or five years ( according to some customer-loyalty experts). The cru
43、cial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers (people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly. Airports resemble France before the R
44、evolution: first-class passengers enjoy “elite“ security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jet-way. At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids us
45、e a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats. Flash Pass teaches children a valua
46、ble lesson in real-world economics; that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada get this “We have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else. “ Almost every lin
47、e can be breached for a price. In several U. S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay “waiters“ or “placeholders“ to wait in line for them outside Apple
48、stores. Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people. This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were
49、millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousands lights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girl and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldron of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were of a few men who went to work jugg
