1、2012 年职称英语（理工类） B 级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1 个意义最为接近选项。 1 It is difficult to assess the importance of the decision. （ A） evaluate （ B） comment （ C） discuss （ D） report 2 You must try to wipe out the memory of these horrible events. （ A） stra
2、nge （ B） terrible （ C） unusual （ D） unfair 3 He spoke in such a pleasant manner that I felt at ease with him at once. （ A） confident （ B） relaxing （ C） formal （ D） comfortable 4 He worked so hard that eventually he fell ill. （ A） then （ B） surely （ C） finally （ D） recently 5 He thought it better to
3、begin working immediately . （ A） at once （ B） recently （ C） early （ D） rapidly 6 As the headmaster made a long speech, the ceremony was prolonged by ten minutes. （ A） quickened （ B） enlarged （ C） enriched （ D） lengthened 7 The animals in Australia are vastly different from those in Europe （ A） chief
4、ly （ B） greatly （ C） mainly （ D） totally 8 Poor people cant always live in decent conditions （ A） popular （ B） famous （ C） favorite （ D） acceptable 9 Many people have the illusion that wealth is the chief source of happiness. （ A） firm belief （ B） outlook （ C） false idea （ D） vision 10 When she was
5、invited to dinner, she readily accepted. （ A） suddenly （ B） firmly （ C） really （ D） willingly 11 The manager gave us the identical cottage each summer. （ A） temporary （ B） similar （ C） same （ D） attractive 12 Mary has derived a good deal of benefit from her job. （ A） obtained （ B） accepted （ C） brib
6、ed （ D） produced 13 He is charming; nevertheless, I dont quite trust him. （ A） however （ B） therefore （ C） despite （ D） afterwards 14 Her behaviour is extremely childish. （ A） simple （ B） immature （ C） beautiful （ D） pretty 15 Even in a modernized country, manual work is still needed. （ A） hard （ B）
7、 mental （ C） simple （ D） physical 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Black Holes Most scientists agree that black holes exist but are nearly impossible to locate. A black hole in the universe is not a soli
8、d object, like a planet, but it is shaped like a sphere (球体 ).Astronomers(天文学家 )think that at the center of a black hole there is a single point in space with infinite(无限的 )density(稠密 ).This single point is called a singularity (奇点 ).If the singularity theory is correct, it means that when a massive
9、 star collapses, all the material in it disappears into the singularity. The center of a black hole would not really be a hole at all, but an infinitely dense point. Anything that crosses the black hole is pulled in by its great gravity. Although black holes do exist, they are difficult to observe.
10、These are the reasons. No light or anything else comes out of black holes. As a result, they are invisible to a telescope. In astronomical terms, black holes are truly. For example, a black hole formed by the collapse of a giant star would have an event horizon(视界 )only 18 miles across. The nearest
11、black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth. One light year is about 6 trillion(万亿 )miles. Even the most powerful telescopes could not pick out an object so small at such a great distance. In 1994 the Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist. There are still ans
12、wers to be found, however, so black holes remain one of the mysteries of the universe. 16 Black holes are part of space. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Black holes exist but are difficult to observe. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The center of a black hole is empty. （ A） R
13、ight （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The attraction of two large stars leads to gravity. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The sun is the heaviest star in the universe. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The nearest black holes are hundreds of light years away from us. （ A） Right
14、 （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The Hubble Space Telescope helps scientists to understand the nature of the universe. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分 ) 下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务： (1)第 23-26 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 2-5 段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项
15、。 22 Memory Test 1. “I am going to give you five techniques that will enable you to remember anything you need to know at school,“promised lecturer lan Robinson to a hundred schoolchildren.He slapped his hand down on the table.“When Ive finished in two hours time,your work will be far more effective
16、 and productive.Anyone not interested,leave now.“The entire room sat still. 2. Robinson calls himself the Mind Magician (魔术师 ).He specializes in doing magic tricks that look totally impossible,and then he reveals that they involve nothing more mysterious than good old-fashioned trickery (骗术 ).“I hav
17、e always been interested in tricks involving memory-being able to reel off (一口气说出 ) the order of cards in a pack,that sort of thing,“he explains. 3. Robinson was already lecturing to schools on his magic techniques when it struck him that students might find memory techniques even more valuable.“It
18、wasnt difficult area to move inot,as the stuffs all there in books.“So he summarized everything to make a two-hour lecture about five techniques. 4. “You want to learn a list of a hundred things?A thousand?No problem,“says Robinson.The scandal is that every child is not taught the techniques from th
19、e beginning of their school life.The schoolchildren who were watching him thought it was brilliant.“I wish Id been told this earlier,“commented Mark,after Robinson had shown them how to construct“mental journeys“. 5. Essentially,you visualize (想象 ) a walk down a street,or a trip round a room,and pic
20、k the points where you will put the things you want to remember-the lamppost,the fruit bowl.Then in each location you put a visual representation of your list-phrasal verbs,historical dates,whatever-making them as strange as possible.It is that simple,and it works. 6. The reaction of schools has bee
21、n uniformly enthusiastic.“The pupils benefited enormously from lans presentation,“says Dr Johnston,head of the school where Robinson was speaking.“ldeally we should run a regular class in memory techniques so pupils can pick it up gradually.“ A. Good results B. An ancient skill C. Gaining attention
22、D. Memory tricks E. A lecture on memory techniques F. Ways to improve memory 23 Paragraph 2 _. 24 Paragraph 3 _. 25 Paragraph 4 _. 26 Paragraph 5 _. 26 A. books B. lecture C. tricks D. facts E. memory 27 The memory techniques used are no more complex than the old. 28 Robinson taught children to use“
23、mental journeys“to improve. 29 Robinson told the pupils that all the memory techniques could be found in. 30 The schoolchildren got a lot from the magicians. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分 ) 下面有 3 篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1 个最佳选项。 30 Renewable Energy Sources Today petroleum provides around 40% of t
24、he worlds energy needs, mostly fuelling automobiles. Coal is still used, mostly in pover stations, to cover one-quarter of our energy needs, but it is the least efficient, unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel. Natural gas reserves could plug some of the gap from oil, but reserv
25、es of that will not last into the 22nd century either. Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years. We could fast reach an energy crisis. We need to rapidly develop sustainable solutions to fuel our future. Less-polluting renewable energy sources offer a more prac
26、tical long-term energy solution. They may benefit the worlds poor too. “Renewable” refers to the fact that these resources are not used faster than they can be replaced. Hydroelectric power is now the most common form of renewable energy, supplying around 20% of world electricity. Chinas three gorge
27、s Dam, which has just been completed, is the largest ever. At five times the size of the USs Hoover Dam, its 26 turbines will generate the equivalent energy of 18 coal-fired power stations. It will satisfy 3% of Chinas entire electricity demand. In 2003, the first commercial power station to harness
28、 tidal currents in the open sea opened in Norway. It is designed like windmill, but others take the form of turbines. As prices fall, wind power has become the fastest growing type of electricity generation quadrupling worldwide between 1999 and 2005. Modern wind farms consist of turbines that gener
29、ate electricity. Though it will be more expensive, there is more than enough wind to provide the worlds entire energy needs. Wind farms come in onshore and offshore forms. They can often end up at spots of natural beauty, and are often unpopular with residents. And turbines are not totally benign th
30、ey can interfere with radar and leave a significant ecological footprint, altering climate and lilling sea birds. Migrating birds may have more luck avoiding them. Scotland is building europes largest wind farm, which wil power 200,000 homes. The UKs goal is to generate onefifth of power from renewa
31、ble sources, mainly wind, by 2020. But this may cause problems, because wind is unreliable. 31 According to the passage,which of the following is the most polluting energy resource? （ A） Petroleum. （ B） Coal （ C） Natural gas （ D） Water. 32 Chinas Three Gorges Dam （ A） is the first hydroelectric dam
32、in the world. （ B） is of the same size as the USs Hoover Dam. （ C） can generate around 3% of world electricity. （ D） is the largest hydroelectric dam in the worl 33 Which country took the lead in making use of tidal currents to produce power in 2003? （ A） The UK. （ B） China. （ C） Norway. （ D） The US
33、. 34 One of the problems with wind farms is that （ A） there is not enough wind. （ B） wind is not reliable. （ C） they can only be built on the sea. （ D） they might influence the world economy. 35 According to the passage,resources like wind are （ A） renewable. （ B） recyclable. （ C） damaging. （ D） sca
34、rce. 五、 补全短文 (第 46-50，每题 2 分，共 10 分 ) 下面的短文有 5 处空白，短文后有 6 个句子，其中 5 个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 35 A Heroic Woman The whole of the United States cheered its latest hero,Ashley Smith,with the Federal Bureau of lnvestigation saying it was planning to give a big reward to her for having a brave hea
35、rt and wise mind. (36) She was moving into her apartment in Atlanta,Georgia early on the morning of March 12,when a man followed her to her door and put a gun to her side.“I started walking to my door,and I felt really,really afraid,“she said in a TV interview last week.The man was Brian Nichols,33.
36、He was suspected of killing three people at an Atlanta courthouse(法院 )on March 11 and later of killing a federal agent. (37) Nichols tied Smith up with tape,but released her after she repeatedly begged him not to take her life.“I told him if he hurt me,my little girl wouldnt have a mummy,“she said.I
37、n order to calm the man down,she read to him from“The Purpose-Driven Life“,a best-selling religious book.He asked her to repeat a paragraph“about what you thought your purpose in life was-what talents were you given.“ (38) “I basically just talked to him and tried to gain his trust,“Smith said. Smit
38、h said she asked Nichols why he chose her.“He said he thought I was an angel sent from God,and we were Christian sister and brogher,“she said.“And that he was lost,and that God led him to me to tell him that he had hurt a lot of peopole.“ (39) She said Nichols was surprised when she made him breakfa
39、st and that the two of them watched television coverage(报道 )of the police hunt for him.“I cannot believe thats me,“Nichols told the woman.Then,Nichols asked Smith what she thought he should do.She said,“I think you should turn yourself in.If you dont,lots more people are going to get hurt.“ Eventual
40、ly,he let her go. (40) A US$60,000 reward had been posted for Nichols capture.Authorities said they did not yet know if Smith would be eligible(有资格的 )for that money. A. The local police were searching for him. B. Smith is a 26-year-old single mother with a daughter. C. Smith tried very hard to kill
41、Nichols. D. She even cooked breakfast for the man before he allowed her to leave. E. And the two of them discussed this topic. F. Then she called the polic 六、 完形填空 (第 51-65 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分 ) 下面的短文有 15 处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定 1 个最佳选项。 40 Walk a Quarter-Mile or Die If you can walk a quarter-mile,odds(可能性 )
42、are you have at least six years of life left in you,scientists say.And the faster you can (41) it,the longer you might live. While walking is no guarantee of (42) or longevity(长寿 ),a new study found that the ability of elderly people to do the quarter-mile was an“important determinant(决定因素 )“in whet
43、her or not theyd be (43) six years later and how much illness and disability they would endure. “The (44) to complete this walk was a powerful predictor of health outcomes,“said study leader Anne Newman of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.“In fact,we (45) that the people who could not
44、 complete the walk were (46) an extremely high risk of later disability and death.“ Newman and colleagues recruited nearly 2,700 white and African-American men and women aged 70 to 79 to (47) the walk.All the participants were screened and determined to be in relatively (48) health,and they had all
45、said they had previously walked that far with no (49) .Only 86 percent of them finished, (50) . The scientists then monitored the health and mortality of all (51) for the next six years.“There was a big gap in health outcomes (52) people who could complete the longer walk and people who could not,wi
46、th the latter being at an extremely high (53) of becoming disabled or dying,“Newman said.“What was really surprising is that these people were not (54) of how weak they actually were.“ Finishing times were found to be crucial,too.Those who completed the walk but were among the slowest 25 percent (55
47、) three times greater risk of death than the speedier folks. （ A） take （ B） do （ C） jump （ D） run （ A） health （ B） safety （ C） peace （ D） fun （ A） old （ B） effective （ C） alike （ D） alive （ A） task （ B） standard （ C） ability （ D） subject （ A） found （ B） doubted （ C） suspected （ D） studied （ A） in （
48、B） at （ C） of （ D） with （ A） compete （ B） lose （ C） complete （ D） win （ A） good （ B） mental （ C） physical （ D） psychological （ A） question （ B） problem （ C） answer （ D） solution （ A） hence （ B） moreover （ C） however （ D） so （ A） participants （ B） activists （ C） colleagues （ D） athletes （ A） for （ B）
49、 on （ C） among （ D） between （ A） number （ B） grade （ C） risk （ D） standard （ A） sure （ B） free （ C） stupid （ D） aware （ A） increased （ B） faced （ C） carried （ D） avoided 2012 年职称英语（理工类） B 级真题试卷答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1 个意义最为接近选项。 1 【正确答案】 A 2 【正确答案】 B 3 【正确答案】 D 4 【正确答案】 C 5 【正确答案】 A 6 【正确答案】 D 7 【正确答案】 B 8 【正确答案】 D 9 【正确答案】 C 10 【正确答案】 D 11 【正确答案】 C 12 【正确答案】 A 13 【正确答案】 A 14 【正确答案】 B 15 【正确答案】 D 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请
