1、2012年职称英语（综合类） A级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Nothing would induce me to vote for him again. （ A） teach （ B） help （ C） attract （ D） discourage 2 He shifted his position a little in order to alleviate the pain in his leg. （ A） easy （ B）
2、control （ C） experience （ D） suffer 3 Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous completely. （ A） completely （ B） slightly （ C） partly （ D） faintly 4 Our aim was to update the health service, and we succeeded. （ A） offer （ B） provide （ C） modernize （ D） fund 5 The photographs evoked strong memori
3、es of our holiday in France. （ A） refreshed （ B） stored （ C） blocked （ D） erased 6 He was weary of the constant battle between them. （ A） fond （ B） tired （ C） proud （ D） afraid 7 She moves from one exotic location to another. （ A） unusual （ B） familiar （ C） similar （ D） proper 8 He has been granted
4、asylum in France. （ A） power （ B） relief （ C） protection （ D） license 9 The weather was crisp and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away. （ A） hot （ B） heavy （ C） fresh （ D） windy 10 The walls are made of hollow concrete blocks. （ A） big （ B） empty （ C） long （ D） now 11 When I heard
5、the noise in the next room, I couldnt resist having a peep （ A） chance （ B） visit （ C） look （ D） try 12 Every week the magazine presents the profile of a well-known sports personality. （ A） success （ B） description （ C） evidence （ D） plan 13 Newborn babies can discriminate between a mans and a woman
6、s voice. （ A） treat （ B） distinguish （ C） express （ D） analyzes 14 We almost ran into a Rolls-Royce that pulled out in front of us without signaling. （ A） overtook （ B） hit （ C） passed （ D） found 15 All the flats in the building had the same layout. （ A） color （ B） size （ C） function （ D） arrangemen
7、t 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 In Sports, Red is the Winning Color When opponents of a game are equally matched, the team dressed in red is more likely to win, according to a new study. British anthropol
8、ogists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham reached that conclusion by studying the outcomes of one-on-one boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman-wresting, and freestyle-wrestling matches at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. In each event Olympic staff randomly assigned red
9、 or blue clothing or body protection to competitors. When otherwise equally matched with their opponent in fitness and skill, athletes wearing red were more likely to win the bout. “Where there was a large point differencepresumably because one contestant was far superior to the othercolor had no ef
10、fect on the outcome,“ Barton said. “Where there was a small point difference, the effect of color was sufficient to tip the balance.“ In equally matched bouts, the preponderance of red wins was great enough that it could not be attributed to chance, the anthropologists say. Hill and Barton found sim
11、ilar results in a review of the colors worn at the Euro 2004 international soccer tournament. Their report will be published in tomorrows issue of the journal Nature. Joanna Setchell, a primate researcher at the University of Cambridge in England, has found similar results in nature. Her work with t
12、he large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating. The finding that red also has an advantage in human sporting events does not surprise her, adding that “the idea of the study is very clever.“ Hill and Barton got the idea for thei
13、r study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in primates“red seems to be the color, across species, that signals male dominance and testosterone levels,“ Barton said. For example, studies by Setchell, the Cambridge primate researcher, show that dominant male mandrills have inc
14、reased red coloration in their faces and rumps. Another study by other scientists shows that red plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds dominance. Barton said he and Hill speculated some speculated that “there might be a similar effect in humans. And
15、 if so, it could be apparent in sporting contests.“ The pair say their results indicate that sexual selection may have influenced the evolution of humans response to color. Setchell, the primatologist, agrees. “As Hill and Barton say, humans redden when we are angry and pale when were scared. These
16、are very important signals to other individuals,“ she said. The advantage of red may be intuitively known, judging from the prevalence of red uniforms in sports“though it is clearly not very widely appreciated, on a conscious level at least,“ Barton said. He adds that the finding of reds advantage m
17、ight have implications for regulations that govern sporting attire. In the Olympic matches he surveyed for the new study, for example, it is possible some medal winners may have reached the pedestal with an unintended advantage. “That is the implication, though we cannot say that it made the differe
18、nce in any one specific case,“ Barton said. Meanwhile, Setchell notedtongue-in-cheekthat a red advantage may not be limited to sports. “Going by the recent U.S. election results, red is indeed quite successful,“ she said. 16 Both Hill and Barton wanted to find out if color affects the outcome of spo
19、rts matched. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Hill and Barton are both interested in primates. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Male mandrills use yellow coloration to attract a mate. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Red is not an advantage for zebra finches. （ A） Ri
20、ght （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The red plastic rings were left on the finches permanently. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Hill and Barton believe athletes in red are more likely to win. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Many athletes oppose the new regulations on sports
21、uniforms. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 How technology pushes down price 1. Prices have fallen in the food business because of advances in food production
22、 and distribution technology. Consumers have benefited greatly from those advances. People who predicted that the world would run out of food were wrong. We are producing more and more food with less and less capital. Good is therefore more plentiful and cheaper than it has ever been. Spending on fo
23、od compared with other goods has fallen for many years, and continues to drop. 2. Supermarkets have helped push down prices mainly because of their scale. Like any big business, they can invest in IT systems that make them efficient. And their size allows them to buy in bulk. As supermarkets get big
24、ger, the prices get lower. 3. Huge retail companies such as Wal-Mart have tremendous power and they can put pressure on producers to cut their margins. As a result, some producers have had to make cuts. In recent years, Unilever has cut its workforce by 33,000 to 245,000 and dropped lots of its mino
25、r brands as part of its “path to growth” strategy. Cadbury has shut nearly 20 per cent of its 133 factories and cut 10 per cent of its 55,000 global workforce. These cuts help keep costs down, and the price of food stays low. 4. Does cheap food make people unhealthy? Cheap food may encourage people
26、to eat more. Good companies certainly think that giving people more food for their money makes them buy more. Giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better deal. That is why portions have got larger and larger. In America, soft drinks came in 8oz (225g) cans
27、 in the past, then 12oz (350g), and now come in 20oz (550g) cans. If a company can sell you an 8oz portion for $7, they can sell you a 12oz portion for $8. The only extra cost to the company is the food, which probably costs 25 cents. 5. Now companies are under pressure to stop selling bigger portio
28、ns for less money. But it is hard to change the trend. Glossary Buy in bulk: buy goods in large quantities Put pressure on: use your power to encourage Get a better deal: get more value for your money A. Huge retailers force producers to cunt costs B. Consumers like supermarkets C. Technology helps
29、reduce food prices D. Food comes cheaper in larger portions E. Chain stores provide better service F. Bigger supermarkets offer lower prices 23 Paragraph 1 _. 24 Paragraph 2 _. 25 Paragraph 3 _. 26 Paragraph 4 _. 26 A. their workforce B. huge portions C. large quantities D. their money E. a good bar
30、ging F. minor brands 27 Big supermarkets can offer food at lower prices because they can buy in _. 28 Some food producers have reduced _. 29 Besides cutting its workforce, unilever also abandoned its _. 30 Buyers like bigger portion because they think they have got _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 )
31、 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Going Her Own Way When she was twelve, Maria made her first important decision about the course of her life. She decided that she wanted to continue her education, Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school,though some attend
32、ed private Catholic “finishing“ schools. There they learned a little about music,art,needlework,and how to make polite conversation. This was not the sort of education that interested Mariaor her mother. By this time,she had begun to take her studies more seriously. She read constantly and brought h
33、er books everywhere. One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study in the dark. Maria knew that she wanted to go on learning in a serious way. That meant attending the public high school,something that very few girls did. In Italy at the time,there were two types of high
34、schools: the “classical“ schools and the “technical“ schools. In the classical schools,the students followed a very traditional program of studies,with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature,and Italian literature and history1. The few girls who continued studying after primary school us
35、ually chose these schools. Maria,however,wanted to attend a technical school. The technical schools were more modem than the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages,mathematics,science,and accounting2.Most peopleincluding Marias fatherbelieved that girls would never be able to
36、 understand these subjects. Furthermore,they did not think it was proper for girls to study them. Maria did not care if it was proper or not. Math and science were the subjects that interested her most. But before she could sign up for the technical school,she had to win her father sapproval. She fi
37、nally did,with her mothers help,though for many years after,there was tension in the family. Marias father continued to oppose her plans,while her mother helped her. In 1883,at age thirteen,Maria entered the “Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti“ in Rome. Her experience at this school is dif
38、ficult for us to imagine. Though the courses included modern subjects,the teaching methods were very traditional. Learning consisted of memorizing long lists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher. Students were not supposed to ask questions or think for themselves in any way. Teachers were
39、 very demanding,discipline in the classroom was strict,and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient. 31 Maria wanted to attend _. （ A） private “finishing” school （ B） school with Latin and Greek （ C） technical high school （ D） school for art and music 32 In those day
40、s, most Italian girls _. （ A） went to classical schools （ B） went to “finishing” schools （ C） did not go to high school （ D） went to technical schools 33 Marias father probably _. （ A） had very modern views about women （ B） had very traditional views about women （ C） had no opinion about women （ D）
41、thought women could not learn Latin 34 High school teachers in Italy In those days were _. （ A） very modern （ B） very intelligent （ C） quite scientific （ D） quite strict 35 We can infer from this passage that _. （ A） girls usually attended private primary schools （ B） only girls attended classical s
42、chools （ C） girls did not like going to school （ D） Maria was a girl of strong will 35 Gross National Happiness In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom o
43、f Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist(佛教 )culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named
44、King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions. King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product(GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of
45、products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his countrys progress by peoples happiness. If the peoples happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happie
46、r, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH). GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their tra
47、ditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government. Now these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and
48、 the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic electi
49、ons that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet. Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutans GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land. Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH.
