1、2013年 3月上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题试卷及答案与解析 Part A Spot Dictation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER B
2、OOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. 0 Listening is one of the first things we learn to do and one of the things we do most. The average person spends【 C1】 _of their daily communication time writing, 16 percent reading, 30 percent speaking, and a whopping【 C2】 _. Students spend most
3、 of their school time listeningup to 60 percent, according to some studies. Yet【 C3】 _, we usually take our ability to listen for granted. As we have already said, though, 【 C4】 _. The fact is, we have different listening styles v【 C5】 _. How successful we are as listeners may depend in part on【 C6】
4、 _for the situation. Perhaps the most basic listening style is【 C7】 _. We listen appreciatively when we enjoy music, a birds song, or the murmur of a brook. We【 C8】 _, one called discriminative listening, when we want to【 C9】 _from a noisy environment. You discriminate, for example, when you listen
5、for a friends voice【 C10】 _. We use a third style of listening, comprehensive listening, when we want to understand. When we listen to 【 C11】 _, we are using this style. The fourth learning style is more complex. 【 C12】 _, the style practiced by counselors, psychiatrists, and good friends, encourage
6、s people to【 C13】 _. Friends act as our sounding boards when we just want someone to listen. The therapeutic listener【 C14】 _accepts what is said, tries hard to understand, and above all,【 C15】 _. The fifth style, 【 C16】 _, is the one we will examine most closely. Critical listeners are the most act
7、ive of all listeners because they are working hard to decide whether【 C17】 _makes sense. Critical listeners evaluate what they hear and decide if【 C18】 _is logical, worthwhile or has value. We need to be critical listeners when someone wants us to buy some things, 【 C19】 _, or support a particular i
8、dea. We also need to be critical listeners in school, where【 C20】 _. 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 11 【 C11】 12 【 C12】 13 【 C13】 14 【 C14】 15 【 C15】 16 【 C16】 17 【 C17】 18 【 C18】 19 【 C19】 20 【 C20】 Part B Listening Comprehension Directions: In thi
9、s part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer
10、you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. （ A） Old Glory. （ B） The Stars and Stripes. （ C） The Star Spangled Banner. （ D） Union Jack. （ A） Old Glory. （ B） The Stars and Stripes. （ C） The Star Spangled Banner. （ D） Union Jack. （ A） 13 stripes and 13 stars. （ B） 13 stripes and
11、 15 stars. （ C） 15 stripes and 15 stars. （ D） 13 stripes and 50 stars. （ A） The US Congress. （ B） President Abraham Lincoln. （ C） Betsy Ross, a seamstress. （ D） Samuel Chester Reid, a Navy captain. （ A） A new stripe is added to the flag on the July 4 after a state enters the union. （ B） All 13 strip
12、es on the American flag are red in color. （ C） The American flag had a British flag in the upper left corner until 1777. （ D） The American national anthem was once called Old Glory, like the flag. （ A） Improvement of food access to Africans and others. （ B） Continuing concerns about the euro zone de
13、bt crisis. （ C） Promised $ 20 billion aid to 16 Spanish banks. （ D） High prices and unrest in many import-dependent countries. （ A） A military option is ready if all other measures fail to work. （ B） Diplomacy and sanctions might stop its nuclear plan. （ C） Talks between Iran and six world powers ar
14、e due to close soon. （ D） Use of force can be ruled out in view of the breakthroughs in the talks. （ A） 2 billion. （ B） 2. 1 billion. （ C） 4. 9 billion. （ D） 5 billion. （ A） Taxes. （ B） High interest rates. （ C） Electricity costs. （ D） Infrastructure bottlenecks. （ A） Twenty-one. （ B） Four. （ C） Six
15、. （ D） An unspecified number. （ A） The employer of a company. （ B） The Governor of Illinois. （ C） The telemarketing researcher. （ D） The President of Illinois Retail Merchant Association. （ A） The employee monitoring. （ B） The citizenship in Illinois. （ C） Mass media permits. （ D） Education or train
16、ing of employees. （ A） Some mass media companies. （ B） An educational institution. （ C） The computer industry. （ D） The telemarketing industry. （ A） Raising the overall sales of computers. （ B） Monitoring indecent phone conversations. （ C） Ensuring the quality of customer service. （ D） Helping train
17、ing or researches in sales. （ A） The law does not specify clearly on some key issues. （ B） The law is in conflict with the relevant federal laws. （ C） Listening to office phone conversations is indecent. （ D） Monitoring employees is completely unacceptable. （ A） As long as there has been crime. （ B）
18、 In the 18th century. （ C） In the late 19th century. （ D） In the first quarter of 20th century. （ A） The time a crime was committed. （ B） The way a crime was committed. （ C） The criminals personality. （ D） The criminals motivation. （ A） Fingerprinting. （ B） Psychological profiling. （ C） Crime hotlin
19、es. （ D） Interrogation. （ A） They are used in public places. （ B） Their use involves the issue of privacy. （ C） Their users have little knowledge of electronics. （ D） They were first used to prove some nannies guilt. （ A） Each person has a unique DNA coding system with no exception. （ B） It was used
20、 to solve a crime for the first time in England in 1967. （ C） It is 100 percent accurate and so it has become widely used. （ D） It has been used to prove that many prisoners were innocent. 一、 SECTION 2 READING TEST Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by s
21、everal questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, A, B, C or D, to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write tile letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLE
22、T. 40 John Gurdons school report on his abilities in science left little doubt. “It has been,“ his teacher at Eton wrote, “a disastrous half. “ Moreover, Gurdons hopes of a career in the field were “quite ridiculous“. Sixty years on, Sir John Gurdon, fellow of the Royal Society, has received an equa
23、lly unambiguous but wholly different report. The 79-year-old has, it was explained, “revolutionised our understanding of how cells and organisms develop“. The authors of the latest report were even more distinguished than an Etonian master: they were the Nobel Prize Committee. In 1962, having ignore
24、d his teachers advice, John Gurdon was a graduate student in zoology at Oxford. There, he performed an experiment transferring the nucleus of a mature frog s intestinal cell into a frogs egg. The resulting frogspawn shocked the biological community by becoming a fully functioning frog, overturning c
25、onventional dogma about cell development. Yesterday, more than half a century after the schoolmaster told him that he would never be a successful scientist, this research was recognised when the Cambridge biologist won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Sir Johns work showed that although th
26、e bodys cells can specialise in remarkably diverse ways, producing skin, lungs, muscles and intestines, they all retain the full genetic information to produce all other cells. So important was this discovery that the scientific community describe him as the godfather of both cloning and stem-cell t
27、herapy. But he nearly did not become a scientist at all. After only a term, he came “bottom of the bottom form“. “Gurdon has ideas about becoming a scientist. On present showing, this is quite ridiculous,“ wrote Mr Gaddum, the teacher whose name Sir John still remembers. He then went on to describe
28、the future Nobel laureate as being unable to “learn simple biological facts“, arguing that continuing to teach him “would be a sheer waste of time both on his part and of those who have to teach him“. Yesterday the Nobel committee begged to differ. Sir John, who was knighted in 1995, shares the awar
29、d with Professor Shinya Yamanaka from Japan. The pair were praised for their discovery in separate work, “that mature, specialised cells can be reprogrammed to become immature cells capable of developing into all tissues of the body“. Professor Yamanaka built on Sir Johns work by showing in 2006 tha
30、t by introducing only a few genes intact mature cells in mice could be reprogrammed to become stem cells. Sir John, who now has a Cambridge research institute named after him and is a fellow of Churchill College, could have taken a different path. So disheartened was he by his school science experie
31、nces that when he applied to the University of Oxford it was to become a classicist. “The admissions tutor got in touch with me and said, Im delighted to tell you that we can accept you on two conditions. One is that you start immediately. The second is that you do not study the subject in which you
32、 took the entrance exam. “ Later, his work on the South African frog Xenopus showed that mature cells did not lose their irrelevant genetic information after specialising. “It was controversial,“ said Sir John. “There was some preceding work that had come out with the opposite conclusion. I was in t
33、he position of taking a view as a graduate student that was not held by people much more senior to myself. “ The consequences of his work have been the application of similar techniques in the cloning of mammals such as Dolly the sheep. However, when the call came from the Nobel committee in Stockho
34、lm, Sir John was not sure whether to believe it. “ It could be someone trying to trick you and put on a Swedish accent,“ he said. Now he has confirmed that the call was indeed genuine, one might think it time to forget the school report. But he disagrees. In fact, he has it framed in his office at t
35、he Gurdon Institute at Cambridge. “When you have problems like an experiment doesnt work, its nice to remind yourself that perhaps after all you are not so good at this job. The schoolmaster may have been right,“ he said. 41 Why does the passage compare John Gurdons school report 60 years ago and th
36、e latest report by the Nobel Prize Committee today? （ A） Because both reports are equally unambiguous. （ B） Because the authors of both reports are quite distinguished. （ C） Because they provide a sharp contrast in the description of John Gurden. （ D） Because the Etonian masters advice reveals his r
37、idiculousness and subjectivity. 42 What is the most significant contribution John Gurdon made in his work? （ A） He found mature cells can be reprogrammed to produce all other cells. （ B） He found that the bodys cells can produce skin, lungs, muscles and intestines. （ C） He created both cloning and s
38、tem-cell therapy and saved numerous lives. （ D） He made the discovery of mammal cloning, which led to the birth of Dolly the sheep. 43 When the author writes that “Yesterday the Nobel committee begged to differ, “(para. 5), he means that the Nobel committee_. （ A） made a different conclusion about J
39、ohn Gurdons work （ B） negated Mr Gaddums report （ C） acknowledged John Gurdons great contribution （ D） begged to express a different opinion of John Gurdon 44 Which of the following is TRUE about John Gurdon according to the passage? （ A） He went to the University of Oxford and took a different subj
40、ect. （ B） He was discouraged by his school science experiences and dropped biology. （ C） He hated Mr Gaddum and never forgave him for much of his life. （ D） He was not affected by the school report and continued his pursuit in science. 45 John Gurdon framed the school report in his office at Cambrid
41、ge_. （ A） to show his respect for the schoolmaster and thanked for his advice （ B） to tell himself that in scientific exploration one must always remain humble （ C） to display what achievement a man can make despite temporary failures （ D） to use it as an example to motivate his research colleagues
42、45 When my predecessors at Time reviewed ecologist Rachel Carsons book Silent Spring 50 years ago this month, they were less than impressed. While the piece praised her graceful writing style, it argued that Carsons “emotional and inaccurate outburst“ was “hysterically overemphatic,“ which I believe
43、 is a fancy way of saying that the lady writer let her feelings get the best of her. Times take was gentle compared with the reactions of some of her other contemporary critics. As William Souder writes in his new biography of Carson, On a Farther Shore, chemical companies threatened her with lawsui
44、ts after she argued that pesticide overuse was ruining the environment and threatening human health. Others insinuated that she was in league with communists who wanted to cripple American agriculture. As a former chemical-industry spokesman put it bluntly, “If man were to follow the teachings of Mi
45、ss Carson, we would return to the Dark Ages, and the insects and diseases and vermin would once again inherit the earth. “ Today Silent Spring is regarded as a masterpiece, one of the most influential books of the 20th century. The criticism of Carsonand the sexism implicit in much of itis a relic f
46、rom an age devoted to better living through chemistry. Yet 50 years after its publication and 48 years after Carsons untimely death from breast cancer, theres still a small but vibrant industry in attacking Silent Spring and its author. The claim now is that her polemic against pesticides led the wo
47、rld to phase out the insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, or DDT. That might seem like a good thing. In Silent Spring Carson describes the toxic effects of DDT use on animals, particularly birds, and in 1972 the Environmental Protection Agency banned it partly on the grounds that it was a pr
48、obable human carcinogen. So long-lived and potent is DDT that even now, 40 years after the ban, most Americans still carry traces of the chemical in their bodies. But DDT was also effective in killing the mosquitoes that carry malaria. Conservative critics have argued that by turning the world again
49、st DDT, Carson crippled efforts to fight the deadly disease in Africa, where it kills hundreds of thousands of people a year. The right-wing Conservative Enterprise Institute maintains a website called RachelWasWrong. org, arguing that Carsons “extreme rhetoric generated a culture of fear, resulting in policies that have deprived many people access to life-saving chemicals,“ namely DDT. In 2005, British politician Dick Taverne wrote that “the ant
