1、2015年职称英语（卫生类） B级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Jack was dismissed. （ A） fired （ B） fined （ C） exhausted （ D） criticized 2 His claims seem credible to many people. （ A） workable （ B） convincing （ C） practical （ D） eligible 3 Im afraid tha
2、t your daughter has failed to get through her mid-term exams. （ A） pass off （ B） pass away （ C） pass （ D） pass out 4 She is a highly successful teacher. （ A） fairly （ B） rather （ C） very （ D） moderately 5 Relief workers were shocked by what they saw. （ A） moved （ B） touched （ C） surprised （ D） worri
3、ed 6 Mary has made up her mind not to go to the meeting. （ A） tried （ B） promised （ C） decided （ D） attempted 7 Her behaviour is extremely childish. （ A） simple （ B） immature （ C） extraordinary （ D） rare 8 The curious looks from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy. （ A） difficult （ B） worr
4、ied （ C） anxious （ D） unhappy 9 The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle. （ A） fact （ B） mystery （ C） statement （ D） game 10 We were all there when the accident occurred. （ A） happened （ B） broke （ C） spread （ D） appeared 11 The story was very touching. （ A） inspiring （ B） boring （ C）
5、moving （ D） absorbing 12 He is but a child. （ A） probably （ B） not （ C） only （ D） hardly 13 The government is debating the education laws. （ A） discussing （ B） defeating （ C） delaying （ D） declining 14 I hope that I didnt do anything absurd last night. （ A） awkward （ B） strange （ C） stupid （ D） awfu
6、l 15 He achieved success through hard work. （ A） reached （ B） reaped （ C） attained （ D） took 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 One-third of Parents Lack Facts about Child Development One-third of parents of b
7、abies have a surprisingly low knowledge of child development, including basic concepts about what their children should know or how they should act, a new study finds. For instance, the study found that many parents dont know that 1-year-olds cant tell the difference between right and wrong, and oft
8、en dont cooperate or share when playing with other children. The results are surprising because the parents who took part in the survey had young children , said lead author Dr. Heather Paradis, a pediatric fellow at the University of Rochester Medical Center in New York. “They were watching or had
9、just watched their kids go through this development , and they were probably the most knowledgeable of anybody. “ Paradis and her colleagues examined the results of a survey of parents 98. 6 percent of whom were mothers of more than 10,000 9-month-old babies. As part of the survey, the parents were
10、asked 11 questions designed to test their knowledge of a babys development. The researchers also examined what the parents said about their interactions with their children, and watched videotapes of how the parents taught new things to their kids. One-third of those surveyed incorrectly answered fo
11、ur or more of the questions. Even when the researchers adjusted the statistics to account for such factors as education levels and income, those parents were still less likely to enjoy “healthy interactions“ with their children. A lack of proper understanding of a childs development can cause assort
12、ed problems, Paradis said. For example, she said, a mother might expect an 18-month-old child to sit still for a doctors appointment, even though children that age are normally curious and like to wander around. “A mom could misinterpret a childs normal curiosity as intentionally being defiant, and
13、could respond with harsh discipline, withdrawal of affection and repetition of that pattern over time,“ Paradis said. “That could hinder the childs potential for full growth and development. “ The findings were to be presented Sunday at the Pediatric Academic Societies meeting in Honolulu. One solut
14、ion, Paradis said, is for pediatricians to take a more active role in educating new parents. “By improving knowledge of child development among all parents, not just those who are at highest risk, theres an opportunity to enhance parent-child interaction,“ she said. “ It can ultimately lead to bette
15、r parenting. “ 16 A majority of parents of babies know little about child development. （ A） Right （ B） wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Babies of one year old have no sense of right or wrong. （ A） Right （ B） wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The parents surveyed were asked 11 questions on child development. （
16、A） Right （ B） wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Most American families are nuclear rather than extended ones. （ A） Right （ B） wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Most mothers with young children prefer to stay at home. （ A） Right （ B） wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Children of one and a half years old like to sit st
17、ill. （ A） Right （ B） wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Parent-child interaction can in no way be improved. （ A） Right （ B） wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 The Drink Your Body Nee
18、ds Most 1 Our bodies are estimated to be about 60% to 70% water. Blood is mostly water, and our muscles , lungs and brain all contain a lot of water. Water is needed to regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients(滋养物 )to travel to all our organs. Water also transports oxygen to
19、our cells,removes waste, and protects our joints and organs. 2 We lose water through urination(排尿 ), respiration(呼吸 ),and by sweating. If you are very active, you lose more water than if you do not take much exercise. Symptoms of mild dehydration(脱水 )include chronic pains in joints and muscles, lowe
20、r back pain, headaches, and constipation (便秘 ). A strong smell to your urine, along with a yellow color indicates that you are not getting enough water. Thirst is an obvious sign of dehydration and in fact, you need water long before you feel thirsty. 3 A good rule of thumb(好的做法 )is to take your bod
21、y weight in pounds and divide that number in half. That gives you the number of ounces(盎司 )of water per day that you need. For example, if you weigh 160 pounds, you should drink at least 80 ounces of water per day. If you exercise you should drink another 8-ounce glass of water for every 20 minutes
22、you are active. If you drink coffee or alcohol, you should add at least an equal amount of water. When you are traveling on an airplane,it is good to have 8 ounces of water for every hour you are on board the plane. 4 It may be difficult to drink enough water on a busy day. Be sure you have water ha
23、ndy at all times by keeping a bottle for water with you when you are working, traveling, or exercising. If you get bored with plain water, add a bit of lemon for a touch of flavor. There are some brands of flavored water available, but some of them have sugar or artificial sweeteners that you dont n
24、eed. A Ounces of water needed per day B Importance of water C Composition of water D Signs of dehydration E Supply of water F Necessity for bringing a bottle for water 23 Paragraph 1 _ 24 Paragraph 2_ 25 Paragraph 3_ 26 Paragraph 4_ 26 A in your body B without water C before long D for a change E on
25、 a busy day F to your weight 27 One cannot live_. 28 Dehydration may occur if there is a shortage of water_. 29 The amount of water your body needs per day is related_. 30 Dont forget to drink enough water even_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 New U. S. Plan f
26、or Disease Prevention Urging Americans to take responsibility for their health, Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $ 15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer and diabetes(糖尿病 ). The init
27、iative highlights the costs of chronic diseases the leading causes of death in the United States and outlines ways that people can prevent them, including better diet and increased exercise. “In the United States today,7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness, disability and health ca
28、re costs are caused by chronic diseases,“ the Health and Human Services Department said in a statement. The causes are often behavioral smoking, poor eating habits and a lack of exercise. “I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future,“ Tho
29、mpson told a conference held to launch the initiative. “ Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the rising costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices. “ Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more tha
30、n $351 billion in 2003. “ These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable, yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for us to lead healthier, longer lives,“ he said. The $ 15 million is designed to go to communities to promote prevention, pushing for changes as s
31、imple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more. Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes,and prevent cancer and strokes. The money will also go to community organizations, clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together
32、to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening. The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening, including Pap tests(巴氏试验 )for cervical cancer(宫颈癌 ), mammograms for breast cancer, colonoscopies(
33、结肠镜检查 ),and prostate(前列腺的 )checks. If such cancers were all caught by early screening, the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent. 31 Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the U. S. ？ （ A） They account for 70% of all deaths. （ B） They are respo
34、nsible for most of the health care costs. （ C） They often result in unhealthy lifestyles. （ D） They are largely preventable. 32 The author mentions all the following ways of disease prevention EXCEPT_. （ A） better diet （ B） increased exercise （ C） less smoking （ D） more frequent hand washing 33 The
35、passage indicates that spending more money on disease prevention will mean_. （ A） greater responsibility of the government （ B） less need for input into treatment （ C） higher costs of health care （ D） more lifestyle choices for people 34 The purpose of the $ 15 million program is to_. （ A） promote d
36、isease prevention （ B） build more highways （ C） help poor communities （ D） wipe out chronic diseases 35 Early cancer screening can help reduce significantly_. （ A） the death rates for all chronic diseases （ B） the kinds of cancer attacking people （ C） the incidence rate for cancer （ D） the death rat
37、e for cancer 35 Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital. The results were recently published in the Procee
38、dings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS)The study involved 1. 2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyzed the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army. The study shows
39、a clear link between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for logical thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test,and not strength. “Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung capa
40、city and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen,“ says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. “ This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular strength . We are also seeing that
41、there are growth factors that are important. “ By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been able to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and higher IQ. “We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical f
42、itness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,“ says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahl-grenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre. “This being the case, physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to
43、 do well in maths and other theoretical subjects. “ The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life. Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education, and many secured more qualifie
44、d jobs. 36 The researchers in this study come from_. （ A） Aby health centre （ B） the Swedish army （ C） the National Academy of Sciences （ D） a Swedish university and its affiliated hospital 37 Which of the following is an implication of physical fitness ? （ A） Brain size. （ B） Good logical capacity.
45、 （ C） Clear logical thinking. （ D） Muscular strength. 38 By enhancing physical fitness, one could improves the following EXCEPT_. （ A） cognitive performance （ B） heart capacity （ C） verbal comprehension （ D） emotional behavior 39 The study findings include the following EXCEPT that_. （ A） growth fac
46、tors are significant for a persons IQ （ B） young adults who are fit get higher scores in IQ tests （ C） youngsters who are fit will more likely get college education （ D） young people who are muscular and strong have a higher IQ 40 The word “ secured “ in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to_.
47、 （ A） insured （ B） assured （ C） obtained （ D） studied 40 Dangers Await Babies with Altitude Women who live in the worlds highest communities tend to give birth to underweight babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes. Research has h
48、inted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasnt clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down. To fin
49、d out more,Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998. The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities:La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the world, at 3. 65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers. Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significant
