1、2016年 9月上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题试卷及答案与解析 Part A Spot Dictation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER B
2、OOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. 0 How is urbanization negatively affecting our society? The answer to this question is not a simple one. Urbanism【 C1】 _, political instability, crime and aggressive behavior. Rapid population growth in urban areas【 C2】 _. In the United States, t
3、he breaking of 【 C3】 _is an issue that has become increasingly noticeable in recent years, particularly in urbanized areas. The【 C4】_ and children are rarely seen in the inner cities any more. There is 【 C5】 _, and declining social family significance as America has transferred industrial, education
4、al and recreational activities to 【 C6】 _outside the home. It is depriving families of their most characteristic, 【 C7】 _. The variations of people give rise to【 C8】 _by race, religious practices, ethnic heritage, as well as economic and social status. Segregation often【 C9】 _between social groups.
5、This can cause【 C10】 _to individuals or society. People will choose their【 C11】 _according to many different ideals and needs, for example, what fits their budget. The government 【 C12】 _for development attempting to meet rapidly increasing demands for education, housing, agriculture and industrial
6、development, transportation and employment. The government budget is 【 C13】 _ mainly due to differentiation in areas. Areas with higher income will obviously have【 C14】 _to work with. Urban areas are usually lacking【 C15】_. Therefore they are not able to repair all the problems in these areas, such
7、as【 C16】 _. Due to the overpopulation, the rising divorce rate and the lack of employment opportunity, 【 C17】 _will continue to increase in urban areas. These children grow up in poverty and usually look at crime as 【 C18】 _. The problems in urban areas are far more serious than can be handled 【 C19
8、】 _. We can only hope to contain them, and attempt to make sure that no more problems【 C20】 _. 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 11 【 C11】 12 【 C12】 13 【 C13】 14 【 C14】 15 【 C15】 16 【 C16】 17 【 C17】 18 【 C18】 19 【 C19】 20 【 C20】 Part B Listening Compre
9、hension Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write
10、 the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. （ A） To enquire about the room service. （ B） To file a formal complaint. （ C） To arrange a conference at the hotel. （ D） To recommend some new customer. （ A） There were not enough rooms for twenty people. （
11、B） They were kept waiting outside while the rooms were being cleaned. （ C） One of them was assigned to a room in the smoking area. （ D） Two of the rooms were not ready when they arrived. （ A） There wasnt a non-smoking sign. （ B） There werent any clean towels. （ C） The bed hadnt been made up. （ D） A
12、full ashtray had been left in the room. （ A） The dinner had started at 7:00. （ B） The dinner was served as expected. （ C） They didnt finish it until 9:30. （ D） They didnt have enough food. （ A） A new invoice with a thank-you note. （ B） A letter promising to improve the poor service. （ C） A return co
13、upon with a deduction of 10%. （ D） A full investigation and some deduction. （ A） To help monitor the Zika disease more effectively. （ B） To provide more opportunities for the disabled athletes. （ C） To avoid the spread of Zika and the births of malformed babies. （ D） To display the generosity of hea
14、rt by the World Health Organisation. （ A） 17. （ B） 19. （ C） 23. （ D） 46. （ A） They were stabbed to death while struggling with the attacker. （ B） They fought against the attacker and snatched the knife from him. （ C） They helped subdue the attacker and saved other peoples life. （ D） They prevented a
15、 stabbing rampage from getting worse. （ A） 45 . （ B） 50 . （ C） 50.6 . （ D） 51 . （ A） Electrostatic charges that can be switched on and off. （ B） Flying microrobots that can be used in natural disasters. （ C） Swarms of cheap robots to fight against forest fires or other natural disasters. （ D） Hoveri
16、ng programmed drones, all around the size of 10 centimeters. （ A） Sixth and Hobart. （ B） Urban L. A. （ C） Chinatown. （ D） Korea town. （ A） Actor. （ B） Producer. （ C） Script writer. （ D） Director. （ A） There is an urgent need of budgeting. （ B） There is more opportunity for Asian American actors. （ C
17、） The first principal role goes to an Asian American. （ D） Its success relies on a large audience. （ A） A Korean American boy. （ B） A 16-year old girl in New York. （ C） A Vietnamese young man. （ D） A Japanese college student. （ A） More younger movie goers prefer independent films to Hollywood ones.
18、（ B） More younger Asian Americans identify with their American idols. （ C） More teenage girls and boys reject popcorn movies or summer action flicks. （ D） More college students become fans for Hollywood movies. （ A） How to interact with colleagues and clients face to face. （ B） How to make effective
19、 telephone conversations. （ C） What skills are needed to get and hold down a job. （ D） What makes for an excellent ability to express yourself. （ A） Managerial. （ B） Social. （ C） Financial. （ D） Technological. （ A） Basic-to-advanced knowledge of computer application. （ B） Ability to calculate all tr
20、ansactions, profits and costs. （ C） Creativity in making presentations to clients. （ D） Proficiency in at least one foreign language. （ A） To create your own databases on the computer. （ B） To enhance your social skills by holding parties with your friends. （ C） To use the computer and become famili
21、ar with its operation. （ D） To store as many telephone numbers and addresses as you can. （ A） Graduating students. （ B） Trainee managers. （ C） Professional secretaries. （ D） Low-level administrative staff. 一、 SECTION 2 READING TEST Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one
22、 is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, A, B, C or D, to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write tile letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in y
23、our ANSWER BOOKLET. 40 The Archbishop of Canterburys story seemed rather extraordinary. Here was a deeply moral, responsible, successful family man whose whisky salesman father had been an alcoholic with few scruples and little sense of discipline. He forced his presumed son into midnight flits from
24、 creditors and couldnt even be honest about his real name: Weiler. Justin Welby, it seemed, was saved by a loving grandmother, caring mother and a great education at Eton. Nurture had won. The Most Rev Justin Welby had obviously inherited few of his fathers predispositions. Only now we learn that hi
25、s real father was Sir Anthony Browne, a member of the establishment and private secretary to Winston Churchill. So maybe it was all in the genes after all. The nature v nurture discussion is becoming increasingly heated. On the one hand there is the clinical psychologist Oliver James who recently pu
26、blished his book Not in Your Genes. He is convinced that when it comes to conditions such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, genes play little or no part, “there is just a mass of evidence that something has gone horribly wrong in the family“. James is adamant that children are a product of the
27、state of their parents marriage, their birth order and gender, the amount of love they receive and the hopes and fears their parents project on them. No one is made bright or dim by their genes, he insists: parenting is everything. So if you have a schizophrenic child its all your fault. This is a d
28、epressing point of view to say the least. On the other hand there is the opinion of some geneticists. They are so determined that it is only our genes that shape our lives that they believe parents will one day have to choose their babies attributes: not just eye colour but mental disposition. Throu
29、gh IVF parents can already screen for inherited diseases. Hank Greely, a Stanford professor in law and biosciences, writes in his new book The End of Sex that there will soon be a brave new world where mothers can choose an embryo based on certain genetic characteristics. That would help us to engin
30、eer genes we pass down to our descendants. This is equally worrying. It is a form of eugenics. The Francis Crick Institute says its gene-editing research has nothing to do with eugenics: and British law prohibits pregnancies from gene-edited embryos. Others, though, may not be as scrupulous. Neurobi
31、ology lecturer Adam Perkins has pondered whether there is a group of people more likely to live on welfare as a result of genetic predispositions. Perhaps as parents we will soon feel an obligation only to produce children who will be naturally thin, clever, hard-working and mentally stable. From th
32、e point of view of a mother, both the “nurture“ view and the “nature“ one are deeply demoralising. The assumption is that unless you give your child the right genes and bring them up perfectly, you will have failed. From a childs viewpoint these two arguments are also devastating. Both assume that c
33、hildren have no control over their own fate and destroy a child s hope that ultimately what matters is not their genetic make-up or their upbringing but what they decide to do with their life. If parents cannot help, schools must show children how to take responsibility for shaping their own future
34、rather than allowing them to feel victimised by their history and family circumstances. Most successful people have overcome a series of genetic or environmental obstacles. David Blunkett showed you can beat both. Born blind, he was sent by the council to a boarding school at four and his father die
35、d when he was 12. He still regularly gets his face smashed when people in front of him go too fast through revolving doors but he never complains. He has been an impressive politician and a wonderful father. Oliver James will keep writing books suggesting that it is your parents who bring you up: an
36、d gene research will keep edging towards designer babies. Yet as the archbishop says, it doesnt actually matter what he inherited from his father and there is no point in blaming his childhood. As adults we can and must choose how to shape our lives 41 Why does the author tell us the Archbishop of C
37、anterburys story at the beginning of the passage? （ A） To show the hardships he had gone through in his lifetime. （ B） To expound the relationship between him and his two fathers. （ C） To discuss the differences between the “nurture“ view and the “nature“ view. （ D） To serve as an introduction to th
38、e nature v nurture argument. 42 Which of the following is NOT true about the clinical psychologist Oliver James? （ A） He insists that the combination of right genes and upbringing is most important. （ B） He thinks that genetic factors play little or no part in ones childhood. （ C） He holds that fami
39、ly circumstances shape childrens future. （ D） He believes that parenting plays a major role in the growth of a child. 43 Hank Greely predicted in his book The End of Sex “a brave new world“(para. 3)where mothers can_. （ A） have their babies with IVF technologies （ B） determine the sex of their babie
40、s （ C） choose an embryo with desirable genetic features （ D） decide their babies biological and mental attributes 44 Why does the author say that both the “nurture“ view and the “nature“ view are demoralising from the viewpoint of a mother? （ A） Because no one can surely be guaranteed to have the ri
41、ght genes for their babies. （ B） Because in either case mothers will not bring up their children perfectly. （ C） Because both views place the mother in a passive position in bringing up children. （ D） Because either view is pessimistic with almost least bright future for mothers. 45 Which of the fol
42、lowing statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? （ A） Children will remain helpless victims of our environment or biological make-up. （ B） Schools should play a major role in helping children shape their own future. （ C） People will be successful after overcoming genetic or environment
43、al obstacles. （ D） People can choose how to achieve success despite genetic or family circumstances. 45 The ancient Chinese board game Go was invented long before there was any writing to record its rules. A game from the impossibly distant past has now brought us closer to a moment that once seemed
44、 part of an impossibly distant future: a time when machines are cleverer than we are. For years, Go was considered the last redoubt against the march of computers. Machines might win at chess, draughts, Othello, Monopoly, bridge and poker. Go, though, was different. The game requires intuition, stra
45、tegising, character reading, along with vast numbers of moves and permutations. It was invented to teach people balance and patience, qualities unique to human intelligence. This week a computer called AlphaGo defeated the worlds best player of Go. It did so by “learning“ the game, crunching through
46、 30 million positions from recorded matches, reacting and anticipating. It evolved as a player and taught itself. That single game of Go marks a milestone on the road to “technological singularity“, the moment when artificial intelligence becomes capable of self-improvement and learns faster than hu
47、mans can control or understand. Fear of the super-intelligent, over-mighty machine is embedded in our psyche. Technological advance brings with it the anxiety that the machines will eventually threaten humanity, a dread underpinned by the attribution to machines of our own evolutionary instinct to s
48、urvive at the expense of lesser species. Artificial intelligence is advancing in ways that were once the preserve of science fiction. Scientists are competing to build robot footballers, with a prediction that would once have sounded barmy: “By the middle of the 21st century, a team of fully autonom
49、ous humanoid robot soccer players shall win a soccer game, against the winner of the most recent World Cup. “ Pepper, an affectionate humanoid robot, was unveiled last year. It is designed to “make people happy“ by reading human emotions using a 3D depth sensor and lasers which analyse the facial expressions and voice tones of the people around it. Robot comes from the Czech robota meaning forced labour. Machines are increasingly working with humans. They even
