1、BEC商务英语（高级）阅读模拟试卷 95及答案与解析 一、 PART ONE 0 Look at the statements below and at the five extracts from an article about broadening corporate responsibility.Which article(A, B, C, D or E)does each statement 1 8 refer to?For each statement 1 8, mark one letter(A, B, C, D or E)on your Answer Sheet.You wil
2、l need to use some of these letters more than once.There is an example at the beginning, (0).AExecutives are coming to understand that they cant meet their corporate responsibility simply by maximizing shareholder value. Last year Pricewaterhouse Coopers surveyed 1161 chief executive officers of com
3、panies from 33 countries. Some 68 percent of those polled said that global corporate responsibility was vital to profitability. Meanwhile citizens around the world have become more vocal in demanding that global business beheld accountable for conduct that could undermine social, environmental or ec
4、onomic progress.BAlthough markets have encouraged more firms to act in a responsible manner in the global economy, market forces have not been sufficient to ensure responsible behavior all of the time. Moreover, the responsible firms that work harder to ensure that workers or the environment are tre
5、ated well as they make goods and services could have higher costs, which may allow other competitors to gain market share. The right mix of public policies can ensure that responsible firms are not penalized.CWashington D. C is drowning in paper. Congress has voted on proposals to promote corporate
6、responsibility. Meanwhile, the President, executives and activists are all scurrying about in search of additional proposals to make executives more accountable for their companies financial reports. Given that capitalism today is global as well as local, the U. S must work with its allies to write
7、international corporate governance norms. But we need to use this opportunity to think more broadly about how to reassure global economic confidence long term. All of the reform efforts to date focus on a narrow definition of corporate responsibility. President Bush acknowledged in his July 9th spee
8、ch, “There is no capitalism without conscience.“ That is why the ultimate reform would encourage corporations to also act responsibility towards their workers and the environment.DThe codes, including ones promoted by the Department of State the Voluntary Principles for Security and Human Rights and
9、 the OECD Guidelines, are designed to help business protect human rights in nations with poor human rights records. Corporate social responsibility policies can also include EPA regulations that require corporations to report on their global environmental liabilities. After all, the costs of cleanin
10、g up can be a major drain on corporate profits. But these policies are not well coordinated or known as CSR policies. Were someone to compile an overview, we might gain a greater understanding of how such policies can be made more effective. But there are some policies including tax policies that en
11、courage firms to shift production or their headquarters to nations with weaker fiscal or regulatory systems. Other policies that may undermine global corporate responsibility include corporate welfare and agricultural protectionism.EThe French government recently overhauled French corporate law and
12、mandated the disclosure of companies social and environmental as well as profit performance. This is a good idea. The British require pension funds to report on the social, environmental, as well as profit performance of their investments. The Canadian government is also examining a wide range of pu
13、blic policies to promote CSR. Perhaps the most interesting development was that in 2001, with funding from the Atkinson Foundation, five private citizens organized a commission on democracy and accountability. Their final report issued 25 specific policy recommendations on promoting global and domes
14、tic CSR. 1 Many nations are developing a consensus that public policies can and should promote domestic and global CSR. 2 Stakeholders cant simply rely on market forces to ensure global corporate social responsibility. 3 Maximizing shareholder value alone is not a good enough long-term strategy. 4 T
15、he United States has a wide range of policies that are explicitly designed to promote global corporate responsibility. 5 President, executives and activists hope that new reporting requirements and auditing rules will reassure global investors. 6 The fundamental reform should promote corporations to
16、 answer for their workers and the environment. 7 The U. S has a wide range of public policies that undermine global corporate social responsibility. 8 The efforts of making proposals promote corporate responsibility are laudable, but they will prove insufficient. 二、 PART TWO 8 Read this text taken f
17、rom an article about Accounting.Choose the best sentence to fill each of the gaps.For each gap 9 14, mark one letter(A H)on your Answer Sheet.Do not use any letter more than once.There is an example at the beginning, (0).Accounting is the process of systematically collecting, analyzing, and reportin
18、g financial information.(0)_H . A private accountant is employed by a specific organization to operate its accounting system and to interpret accounting information. A public accountant performs these functions for various individuals, or firms, on a professional-fee basis.(9)_The accounting process
19、 is based on the accounting equation:Assets = liabilities + ownersequity.(10)_. There are five steps in the accounting process: 1)Source documents are analyzed to determine which accounts they affect. 2)Each transaction is recorded in a journal. 3)Each journal entry is posted in the appropriate gene
20、ral ledger accounts. 4)At the end of each accounting period, a trial balance is prepared to make sure that the accounting equation is in balance at the end of the period. 5)Financial Statements are prepared from the trial balance.(11)_. A new accounting cycle is then begun for the next accounting pe
21、riod.The balance sheet, or statement of financial position, is a summary of a firms assets, liabilities, and owners equity accounts at a particular time.(12)_. On the balance sheet, assets are categorized as current(convertible to cash in a year or less), fixed(to be used or held for more than one y
22、ear), or intangible(valuable solely because of the rights or advantages they confer).(13)_. For a sole proprietorship or partnership, owners equity is reported by the owners name in the last section of the balance sheet. For a corporation, the value of common stock, preferred stock, and retained ear
23、nings is reported in the owners equity section.An income statement is a summary of a firms financial operations during a specified accounting period.(14)_. Operating expenses are then deducted to compute net income from operations. Finally, non-operating expenses and income taxes are deducted to obt
24、ain the firms net income after taxes.The information contained in these two financial statements becomes more meaningful when it is compared with corresponding information for previous years, for competitors, and for the industry in which the firm operates. A On the income statement, the companys gl
25、oss profit on sales is computed by subtracting the cost of goods sold from net sales.B These ratios provide a picture of the firms profitability, its short-term financial position, its activity in the area of accounts receivable and inventory, and its long-term debt financing.C Similarly, current li
26、abilities are those that are to be repaid in one year or less, and long-term liabilities are debts that will not be repaid for at least one year.D Double-entry bookkeeping ensures that the balance shown by the equation is maintained.E This statement must demonstrate that the equation is in balance.F
27、 Accounting information is used primarily by management, but it is also demanded by creditors, suppliers, stockholders, and government agencies.G Once statements are prepared, the books are closed.H Bookkeeping is essentially record-keeping which is part of the overall accounting process. 三、 PART TH
28、REE 14 Read the following extract from an article about monopolistic competition, and the questions followed. For each question 15 20, mark one letter(A, B, C, or D)on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose. Is the outcome in a monopolistically competitive market desirable from the standpoint o
29、f society as a whole? Can policymakers improve on the market outcome? There are no simple answers to these questions. One source of inefficiency is the markup of price over marginal cost. Because of the markup, some consumers who value the good at more than the marginal cost of production(but less t
30、han the price)will be deterred from buying it. Thus, a monopolistically competitive market has the normal deadweight loss of monopoly pricing. Although this outcome is clearly undesirable compared to the first-best outcome of price equal to marginal cost, there is no easy way for policymakers to fix
31、 the problem. To enforce marginal-cost pricing, policymakers would need to regulate all firms that produce differentiated products. Because such products are so common in the economy, the administrative burden of such regulation would be overwhelming. Moreover, the regulating monopolistic competitor
32、s would entail all the problems of regulating natural monopolies. In particular, because monopolistic competitors are making zero profits already, requiring them to lower their prices to equal marginal cost would cause them to make losses. To keep these firms in business, the government would need t
33、o help them cover these losses. Rather than raising taxes to pay for these subsidies, policymakers may decide it is better to live with the inefficiency of monopolistic pricing. Another way in which monopolistic competition may be socially inefficient is that the number of firms in the market may no
34、t be the “ideal“ one. That is, there may be too much or too little entry. One way to think about this problem is in terms of the externalities associated with entry. Whenever a new firm considers entering the market with a new product, it considers only the profit it would make. Yet its entry would
35、also have two external effects: a)The product-variety externality: Because consumers get some consumer surplus from the introduction of a new product, there is a positive externality associated with entry; b)The business-stealing externality: Because other firms lose customers and profits from the e
36、ntry of a new competitor, there is a negative externality associated with entry. Thus in a monopolistically competitive market, there are both positive and negative externalities associated with the entry of new firms. Depending on which externality is larger, a monopolistically competitive market c
37、ould have either too few or too many products. Both of these externalities are closely related to the conditions for monopolistic competition. The former arises because a new firm would offer a product different from those of the existing firms. The latter arises because firms post a price above mar
38、ginal cost and, therefore, are always eager to sell additional units. Conversely, because perfectly competitive firms produce identical goods and charge a price equal to marginal cost, neither of these externalities exists under perfect competition. In the end, we can conclude only that monopolistic
39、ally competitive markets do not have all the desirable welfare properties of perfectly competitive markets. That is, the invisible hand does not ensure that total surplus is maximized under monopolistic competition. Yet because the inefficiencies are subtle, hard to measure, and hard to fix, there i
40、s no easy way for public policy to improve the market outcome. 15 Who will be prevented from buying the good? （ A） Some consumers who also estimate the value of the good at more than the marginal cost of production. （ B） Some consumers who estimate the price of the good at more than the marginal cos
41、t of the production. （ C） Some consumers who have a high opinion of the good at more than the marginal cost of the production. （ D） Some consumers who estimate the worth of the good at more than the marginal cost of the production. 16 Why would policy makers need to regulate all firms that produce d
42、ifferentiated products? （ A） Because such products are so common in the economy. （ B） Because there is no easy way for policymakers to fix the problem. （ C） Because they want to enforce marginal-cost pricing. （ D） Because monopolistic competitors are making zero profits. 17 _, policymakers may decid
43、e it is better to live with the inefficiency of monopolistic pricing. （ A） Without raising taxes to pay for these subsidies （ B） In order to raise taxes to pay for these subsidies （ C） To keep these firms in business （ D） Requiring them to lower their prices 18 What does a new firm think about when
44、it considers entering the market with a new product? （ A） Two external effects. （ B） The externalities associated with entry. （ C） The number of firms in the market. （ D） The profit it would make. 19 Why is it difficult for public policy to improve the market outcome? （ A） Because it is difficult to
45、 measure the inefficiencies. （ B） Because perfectly competitive firms produce identical goods. （ C） Because a new firm would offer a product different from those of the existing firms. （ D） Because surplus is maximized under monopolistic competition. 20 What will happen if a new company offers a pro
46、duct different from those of the existing firm? （ A） Monopolistically competitive market. （ B） Entry of more new firms. （ C） The product-variety externality. （ D） The business-stealing externality. 四、 PART FOUR 20 Read the article below about job enrichment, a kind of way to promote the work efficie
47、ncy of a company.Choose the correct word or phrase to fill each gap from A, B, C, or D.For each question 21 30, mark one letter(A, B, C, or D)on your Answer Sheet.There is an example at the beginning, (0). Job EnrichmentWhile pay is an attempt to(0)A zestful employees, job enrichment is an effort to
48、 motivate via the work itself. Job enrichment is the(21)_of changing the job so that the work will appeal to employees higher-level needs. Its aim is to make the work more meaningful.First, job enrichment is merely(22)_up, working harder at what you are doing. Second, it is not job(23)_, merely addi
49、ng another meaningless job. Some managers assume they are enriching subordinates work by adding their duties, but the duties must make the job more meaningful in order to be enriching. Third, rotating(24)_tasks does not help, at least not very much. Fourth, job enrichment does not mean(25)_away all the hard parts and making the task more routine.Then what is job enrichment? Job enrichment is based on Frederick Herzbergs two-factor theory of(26)_. Herzberg argued that because job rotation and job enlarg
