1、GRE（ VERBAL）模拟试卷 17及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a wh
2、ole. 1 Previous research has established the lupine wolf as the_of the modern canine, but when and where humans first domesticated the former into the latter remains unclear. （ A） competitor （ B） ally （ C） scion （ D） prey （ E） progenitor 2 An excellent philatelist can detect a forged_with a single g
3、lance, for a true specimen bears markings and characteristics, without exception, that the_invariably lacks. （ A） painting imitation （ B） insect approxi mation （ C） coin original （ D） stamp facsimile （ E） treatise falsehood 3 The result of this biochemical test has caused an uproar, and ever since i
4、ts publication, researchers have been full of responses of_quality: whereas some deal with the tests implications in a calm manner, others sound alarms. （ A） choleric （ B） admonitory （ C） whimsical （ D） homogenous （ E） variable 4 Thus, global-warming skeptics write off the_of climate research invest
5、igators, emphasizing the_of others reasoning, but not of their own. （ A） data accessibility （ B） infighting vagueness （ C） resources virtues （ D） experiments pragmatism （ E） consensus uncertainty 5 Except in times of_, we would scarcely allow public officials to declare states of emergency that repl
6、ace some normal rules with those more_to extraordinary circumstances. （ A） debate diffident （ B） serenity indifferent （ C） catastrophe germane （ D） obedience ill -suited （ E） disaster hostile 6 Of the various schemes that have been proposed to model how gene transcription might work in the living bo
7、dy, those involving actual physical contact between enhancers and genes remain_, owing to an absence of direct evidence. （ A） surreptitious （ B） decipherable （ C） vindicated （ D） suspicious （ E） speculative 7 Politicians and pollsters alike warn that the outcome of a presidential race remains _until
8、 Election Day itself, and many races depend on factors that run from bad weather_voter turnout to last-minute scandals. （ A） unknown abet ting （ B） unlikely decreasing （ C） fluid affecting （ D） predetermined consolidating （ E） fixed absorbing SECTION 2 Directions: In each of the following questions,
9、 a related pair of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair. 8 PROSCENIUM : STAGE : （ A） music : light （ B） armchair : cushion （ C） bulb: cap （ D） television: sc
10、reen （ E） window : room 9 REPRIMAND: IRE : （ A） cringe : threat （ B） disregard : affliction （ C） languish : surveillance （ D） blush : discomfiture （ E） fuss: restriction 10 TALK : LOQUACIOUS: （ A） speak : prating （ B） expend : extravagant （ C） behave : rude （ D） walk : ebullient （ E） cower : craven
11、11 EXAGGERATED : HYPERBOLIC : （ A） incredible : euphemistic （ B） elaborate : fluent （ C） expressed : ambiguous （ D） burnished : lustrous （ E） distinguished : cryptic 12 ENLIST : DRAFT : （ A） nominate: commit （ B） endow : reduce （ C） elect : frame （ D） emigrate : banish （ E） apprehend : arrest 13 BRA
12、VE: INTIMIDATED: （ A） vigilant : ambushed （ B） reticent : spurred （ C） audacious : confronted （ D） timid: contented （ E） ardent : persuaded 14 VACCINATION : INOCULATION: （ A） office : promotion （ B） ban : business （ C） quarantine : isolation （ D） hindrance : encouragement （ E） negotiation: satisfact
13、ion 15 EXPERIENCE : PRACTICING : （ A） fitness : developing （ B） lucidity : composing （ C） strength : exercising （ D） edification : acquiring （ E） wisdom : contemplating 16 ACCELERATE : SPEED : （ A） plummet : altitude （ B） invigorate : vitality （ C） declare : honesty （ D） spoil : perishable （ E） lanc
14、e: tumescence SECTION 3 Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. 16 Previously, the sack-l
15、ike rabbit appendix was thought to serve primarily as a reservoir for the bacteria involved in hindgut fermentation, an explanation that failed to account for the absence of an appendix in other animals with Line similar digestive systems or for its presence in humans. Microscopic research (5) revea
16、led that the appendix contains a significant amount of lymphoid tissue, similar aggregates of which tissue occur in other areas of the gastrointestinal tract. These are involved, possibly, in the bodys ability to recognize foreign antigens in ingested material, but the evidence is inconclusive, to t
17、he extent that scientists have long discounted the human appendix as a “vestigial“ organ. (10) However, a growing body of evidence suggests that the appendix, far from being a “vestigial organ“, has a significant function as a part of the body s immune system. The appendix achieves its greatest deve
18、lopment shortly after birth, when immune response is first developing, then regresses with age, when the immune response mediated by the appendix may relate to such (15) inflammatory conditions as ulcerative colitis, which in adults necessitates the organs surgical removal. 17 Which of the following
19、 hypothetical discoveries, if made, would cast MOST doubt on the most recent conclusions regarding the function of the human appendix? （ A） After laboratory experiments, scientists discover evidence to reject the notion that the human appendix is a “vestigial“ organ. （ B） Certain animal species whic
20、h had not previously been given attention are discovered to possess an appendix resembling that of humans. （ C） Lymphoid tissue is discovered, after careful study, not to play a role in the recognition of foreign antigens in ingested material. （ D） After re-examination of the evidence, ulcerative co
21、litis is discovered to be caused by factors wholly unrelated to the human appendix. （ E） It is discovered that in rabbits, hindgut fermentation does not require the presence of an organ acting as reservoir for bacteria. 18 Which of the following best describes the relationship of the second paragrap
22、h to the first? （ A） The second paragraph relies on different evidence in drawing a conclusion similar to that expressed in the first paragraph. （ B） The second paragraph provides further elaboration on why an assertion made at the end of the first paragraph proves true in most cases. （ C） The secon
23、d paragraph provides additional information in support of a hypothesis stated in the first paragraph. （ D） The second paragraph provides an example of a case in which the assumption described in the first paragraph is unwarranted. （ E） The second paragraph describes a phenomenon that has the same ca
24、use as the phenomenon described in the first paragraph. 19 It can be inferred from the passage that the author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following assertions about the appendix? （ A） Scientists have ruled out the possibility that the appendix is involved in hindg
25、ut fermentation in all species, including rabbits. （ B） As an organ, the appendix is more useful to the immune response of human beings in their first development than later in life. （ C） The human appendix contains greater amounts of lymphoid tissue than the aggregates of which that are found in ot
26、her areas of the gastrointestinal tract. （ D） The appendix in a human child is generally less well developed than the appendix in a human adult. （ E） The presence of the appendix in humans suggests that the human digestive process resembles the rabbit digestive process more than that of other animal
27、 species. 20 The passage provides information in support of which of the following assertions? （ A） Lymphoid tissue somehow involved in the bodys ability to recognize foreign antigens in ingested material is a primary cause of ulcerative colitis. （ B） The appendix is an anomaly among mammals, existi
28、ng in rabbits and humans largely as an evolutionary fluke. （ C） Microscopic research is insufficient to give even the vaguest suggestion of what the human appendixs function may be. （ D） The digestive process in human beings is less dependent on the hindgut fermentation process than is the digestive
29、 process in rabbits. （ E） Lymphoid tissue that recognize foreign antigens is absent in the digestive systems of animals that lack appendixes. 20 Given that 8 percent of food crops grows faster on farms using groundwater than the aquifers are replenished, and many large rivers are so heavily diverted
30、 that they do not reach the sea for much of the year, researchers believe Line freshwater sources-underground aquifers and rivers-are stressed. Better (5) management of soil and water and creative cropping patterns can boost production from rainfall-watered cropland, but the heaviest burden will fal
31、l on irrigated land. At present, most farmers irrigate their crops by channeling water down their fields in parallel furrows. One alternative, drip systems, enables farmers to deliver water directly to (10) the plants roots drop by drop, nearly eliminating waste by distributing water at low pressure
32、 through a network of perforated plastic tubing installed on or below the surface of the soil, where it then emerges through small holes at a slow but steady pace. Because the plants enjoy an ideal moisture environment, drip irrigation usually offers the added bonus of higher crop yields. Another (1
33、5) alternative, sprinklers, can perform almost as well as drip methods when designed properly, but traditional high-pressure irrigation sprinklers spray water high into the air to cover as large a land area as possible, and the more time the water spends in the air, the more of it evaporates before
34、use. Despite the payoffs, the higher costs of these technologies relative to (20) simple flooding methods have been a barrier to their spread, and so has the prevalence of national water policies that discourage rather than foster efficient water use. Many governments have set very low prices for pu
35、blicly supplied irrigation, leaving farmers with little motivation to invest in ways to conserve water or to improve efficiency and most authorities have also failed to regulate (25) groundwater pumping, even in regions where aquifers are over-tapped. Therefore, farmers might be inclined to conserve
36、 their own water supplies if they could profit from selling the surplus, but this practice is often discouraged. Efforts aside from irrigation technologies are also conducive to the reduction of agricultural demand for water; for instance, measurements of (30) climate factors such as temperature and
37、 precipitation can be fed into a computer that calculates how much water a typical plant is consuming, and farmers can use this figure to determine, quite accurately, when and how much to irrigate their particular crops throughout the growing season. But the most effective, if unlikely way, to do mo
38、re with less water is to reconfigure our diets, especially (35) the typical North American diet, which, with its large share of animal products, requires twice as much water as diets common in many Asian and some European countries. Eating lower on the food chain could allow the same volume of water
39、 to feed two Americans instead of one, and despite the resultant loss of nutrition, this may be the only recourse for countries serious about (40) reducing their aquifer strain. 21 The primary purpose of the passage is to （ A） expose the fragile ecological conditions which modern irrigation technolo
40、gies must ameliorate （ B） argue that new irrigation technologies would ultimately be less efficient than a reconfiguration of the North American diet （ C） argue that efficient water-use is dependent upon a mixture of various modern methods （ D） provide an overall view of possible methods for lesseni
41、ng the strain on sources of freshwater （ E） describe the cycle by which aquifers are depleted and then replenished through technology 22 The passage implies that the strain on freshwater aquifers caused by poor irrigation patterns may be reduced by all of the following methods EXCEPT （ A） Government
42、 compensation programs for surplus （ B） Climate study （ C） Soil management （ D） Drip irrigation （ E） Changes in patterns of food consumption 23 It can be inferred from the passage that low-pressure sprinklers would be more preferable to high-pressure models for which of the following reasons? （ A） T
43、he surplus generated by low-pressure systems can be sold, lessening overall water strain on a region. （ B） Low-pressure systems deliver water directly to root systems, resulting in higher crop yields. （ C） A lower cost is associated with low-pressure systems than with high-pressure systems, which ar
44、e generally more expensive. （ D） Lower-pressure systems deliver water in such a way that evaporation rates are diminished, resulting in greater efficiency. （ E） Crops watered by lower-pressure systems generally contain higher nutrients, reducing overall food consumption levels. 24 Which of the follo
45、wing can be inferred from the passage concerning the relationship between traditional irrigation methods and modern ones? （ A） Traditional irrigation methods tend to come at a lower expense than more modern ones, which are generally dependent on technology. （ B） Traditional methods may best be used
46、in areas where the technological knowledge necessary for using modern techniques is limited. （ C） Modern methods, unlike traditional ones, can only help land whose primary water source comes from irrigation, not rainfall. （ D） Modern methods rely more heavily upon groundwater tapping, which itself d
47、epletes the aquifer. （ E） Traditional methods can be performed without the tedious and difficult calculation of climate factors. 25 According to the passage, the main disadvantage with reconfiguring diet to lessen water usage is （ A） most North Americans would be unlikely to shift their diets simply
48、 in order to accommodate the exigencies of water conservation （ B） the gains provided by diets with less water-intensive production would likely be less useful in areas with greater aquifer resources （ C） people in Asia and certain European countries are dependent on meat-products and could not do w
49、ithout them （ D） diets with less water-intensive production tend to be less healthy than those with more water-intense production （ E） governments of certain countries would be unlikely to promote programs for diet change given their possible negative effect on those countries economies 26 The author regards the new means of water-use reduction under discussion as （ A） wholly effective, but typically ignored （ B） inexpensive, but insufficiently useful （ C） promisi
