1、GRE（ VERBAL）模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a who
2、le. 1 His undoubtedly aggressive behavior only served to further endear him to all who had dealings with him, for they recognized that behind the_ facade, there beat a compassionate heart. （ A） restrictive （ B） self-pitying （ C） hospitable （ D） retiring （ E） bellicose 2 Scientists have acknowledged
3、that to interpret an animals thought processes in a sound manner requires a heavy dose of_ from our own mental patterns, which we access_ . （ A） estimation.vicariously （ B） calculation.egotistically （ C） guesswork.methodically （ D） inference.introspectively （ E） skepticism.analogously 3 Childhood me
4、moirs often gain their poignancy through a sense of displacement: each lesson in experience is accompanied by a loss of_ . （ A） perspective （ B） innocence （ C） veracity （ D） pessimism （ E） probity 4 The_ employed in this book is overly flamboyant,_ the scientific proof intended to corroborate it. （
5、A） structure.exaggerating （ B） organization . simplifying （ C） rhetoric. inflating （ D） hypothesis. outdistancing （ E） explanation . galvanizing 5 The medias depiction of America as a drug-ridden society is not only _ , but leads to bad policy, for the tendency of some leaders to conflate both innoc
6、uous and serious drug abuse into _ and dreadful statistic is often motivated by nothing more than paranoia. （ A） contemptuous . an accurate （ B） dishonest . a secret （ C） resilient . a realistic （ D） inaccurate . a single （ E） remorseful . a unified 6 As a genre the musical has a great deal to _ it:
7、 its dramatic rhythmic beats of alternating failure and success are _ to the musical form, and the singing and dancing emerge naturally from the story. （ A） occupy. inimical （ B） recommend. apposite （ C） distract. unknown （ D） encumber . endemic （ E） abet. exogamic 7 It is the mark of an educated mi
8、nd to rest _ with the degree of precision which the nature of the subject _ and not to seek exactness where only an approximation is possible. （ A） satisfiedly . admits （ B） convivially. assumes （ C） fitfully. allows （ D） contentedly. rejects （ E） sporadically, entails SECTION 2 Directions: In each
9、of the following questions, a related pair of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair. 8 PROTEAN: IMMUTABLE ： （ A） incipient： inchoate （ B） slovenly： dapper （ C
10、） articulate： eloquent （ D） vitiated： passive （ E） pious： agnostic 9 SCORNFUL: SNEER ： （ A） saturnine： groan （ B） distressed： rejoice （ C） provoked： wink （ D） embarrassed： blush （ E） bewildered： wail 10 PERORATION: SPEECH ： （ A） epic： strophe （ B） luminance： umbrage （ C） epilogue： novel （ D） rhythm：
11、 poem （ E） image： picture 11 COMMENCEMENT: ADJOURNMEN ： （ A） sapphire： fissure （ B） signal： frequency （ C） lasso： splice （ D） activity： dormancy （ E） rule： rebellion 12 SOLDIER: COUNTRY ： （ A） provost： student （ B） president： university （ C） bodyguard： individual （ D） lawyer： court （ E） sheriff： cri
12、me 13 AGENDA: MEETING ： （ A） chart： destination （ B） choreography： dance （ C） verdict： jury （ D） entremets： course （ E） prescription： component 14 FILIBUSTER: POSTPONE ： （ A） spend： gamble （ B） hoax： dupe （ C） wheel： vaunt （ D） entice： attract （ E） malign： criticize 15 BUMPER: DAMAGING ： （ A） ballas
13、t： foundering （ B） scale： comparing （ C） buoy： navigating （ D） drill： extracting （ E） hoist： cantilevering 16 SCRIBBLE: DRAW ： （ A） imply： suggest （ B） quibble： evade （ C） harmonize： play （ D） chisel： engrave （ E） babble： speak SECTION 3 Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by question
14、s based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. 17 Are responses to odors acquired as a function of the emotional context in which they are initially perceived
15、? Researchers recently conducted a study in which a novel odor was paired with either a positive or negative emotional experience. Ratings associated with the test odor varied in accordance with the (5) paired emotion, such that the odor was perceived as either congenial or noisome, depending upon t
16、he quality of paired experience the participant had. Olfactory sensory attributes may produce an unlearned impact when odors are irritating; in these cases discomfort is experienced simultaneously to odor sensation, an event occurring when stimulation of the trigeminal nerve occurs (10) coterminous
17、with olfactory sensation. Many odors elicit trigeminal stimulation to varying degrees, so that the subjective distinction between pure odor and trigeminal irritation is not possible to make, though scientists have precipitously ventured to suggest methods. While these cases may help explain why one
18、may be immediately repelled by a certain scent, they unfortunately do not allow most (15) scientists to establish which smells trigger innate reactions. 17 According to the passage, which of the following can be inferred about the role of the trigeminal nerve in the experience of odors? （ A） The tri
19、geminal nerve plays a much more significant role in the experience of an irritating odor than does actual olfactory sensation itself. （ B） The trigeminal nerve produces a negative experience of an irritating odor independently of the emotional context in which the odor was initially perceived. （ C）
20、The trigeminal nerve tends to cause an experience of discomfort in the cases of odors that are initially paired with negative emotional experiences. （ D） The functioning of the trigeminal nerve tends to be largely conditioned according to the pairing process simulated in the experiment. （ E） The tri
21、geminal nerve generally does not play a role in the experiencing of odors that create innate reactions. 18 The primary purpose of the passage is to （ A） point out that theories about the functioning of olfactory sensation have failed to change despite experimental inquiry （ B） suggest means by which
22、 the impact of odors that irritate human subjects may eventually be lessened （ C） describe the attempt of scientists to understand the degree to which odor perception is learned or innate （ D） demonstrate that efforts to understand the psychobiological basis for human perception is too difficult for
23、 modern laboratory techniques （ E） describe how the emotional pairing process in odor sensation can lead to the experience of irritation 19 It can be inferred from the passage that “most scientists“ assume which of the following concerning “innate reactions“ ( line 15) ? （ A） Innate reactions to sme
24、lls do not include the stimulation of the trigeminal nerve per say. （ B） Only smells which have not previously been paired with emotional experiences trigger innate reaction. （ C） Irritating smells are the only ones which are considered likely to produce innate, or unlearned, reactions. （ D） Most su
25、bjects can distinguish between pure odor sensation and trigeminal nerve sensation enough to determine which reactions are innate. （ E） Innate reactions are produced when the trigeminal nerve catalyzes an emotional experience. 20 The authors reaction to the attempts to create experimental means to di
26、stinguish trigeminal response and pure odor response can best be described as one of （ A） enthusiasm （ B） expectation （ C） dismay （ D） skepticism （ E） antipathy 21 Most words are “lexical words“, i.e. nouns signifying “things“, the majority of which are abstract concepts rather than physical objects
27、 in the world; only “proper nouns“ have specific and unique referents in the everyday world. The communicative function of a fully-functioning language requires the (5) scope of reference beyond the particularity of the individual instance. While each leaf, cloud or smile is different from all other
28、s, effective communication requires general categories or “universals“. Anyone who has attempted to communicate with people who do not share their language will be familiar with the limitations of simply pointing to things, given that the vast majority of (10) lexical words in a language exist on a
29、high level of abstraction and refer to classes of things such as “buildings“ or to concepts like “construction“. We lose any one-to-one correspondence of word and thing the moment we group instances into classes. Other than lexical words, language consists of “function words“ or grammatical words, s
30、uch as “only“ and “under“ which do (15) not refer to objects in the world at all, and many more kinds of signs other that simple nouns. The notion of words as labels for concepts assumes that ideas exist independently of words and that ideas are established in advance before the introduction of ling
31、uistic structure. Clearly, language is not limited to naming things existing in the physical world, but includes non-existent objects and ideas (20) well. The nomenclaturist stance, in viewing words as labels forpre-existing ideas and objects, attempts unsuccessfully to reduce language to the purely
32、 referential function of naming things. Things do not exist independently of the sign systems which we use; “reality“ is created by the media which seem simply (25) to represent it. Language does not simply name pre-existing categories; categories do not exist in “the world“ . e. g. “where are the b
33、oundaries of a cloud; when does a smile begin“. Such an emphasis on reality as invariably perceptually seamless may be an exaggeration; our referential categories do seem to bear some relationship to certain features which seem to be inherently (30) salient. Within a language, many words may refer t
34、o “the same thing“ but reflect different evaluations of it. For example, one persons hovel is another persons home“ Meanwhile, the signified of a word is subject to historical change. In this sense, “reality“ or “the world“ is created by the language we use: this (35) argument insists on the primacy
35、 of the signifier. Even if we do not adopt the radical stance that “the real world“ is a product of our sign systems, we must still acknowledge the lack of signifiers for many things in the empirical world and that there is no parallel correlation between most words and objects in the known world at
36、 all. Thus, all words are “abstractions“, and there is no direct (40) correspondence between words and “things“ in the world. 21 The author of the passage is primarily concerned with （ A） refuting a belief held by one school of linguistics （ B） reviewing an interesting feature of language （ C） illus
37、trating the confusion that can result from the improper use of language （ D） suggesting a way in which languages can be made more nearly perfect （ E） surveying new interesting areas of research in the field of linguistics 22 The author offers all of the following ideas as proof that there is no dire
38、ct correspondence between words and things EXCEPT （ A） Language has other functions than that of reference. （ B） Once a word is grouped into a class, no one-to-one correspondence existsbetween it and what it signifies. （ C） Many words refer to objects that do not exist in the world. （ D） Function wo
39、rds do not refer to objects. （ E） Proper nouns usually refer to unique entities. 23 According to the passage, which of the following assumptions would the “nomenclaturist“ most likely agree with? （ A） The seamlessness of reality complicates the notion of linguistic categories, such that those catego
40、ries must be questioned. （ B） The experience of reality largely varies from that of the experience of language, weakening the reliability of both experiences. （ C） Ideas invariably precede, in their existence and meaning, the language that subsequently articulates them. （ D） Language, although capab
41、le of developing categories, can never articulate more than particular instances. （ E） The meaning of a word is not fixed historically, and may evolve over time due to a variety of factors. 24 It can be inferred from the passage that the author is LEAST likely to agree with wihich of the following?
42、（ A） Words can be categorized into different grammatical functions. （ B） Some relationship between signifier and signified can be articulated. （ C） Every signifier points to a single pre-existing signified. （ D） Words may name imaginary, non-physical things. （ E） The use of categories is essential t
43、o the operation of language. 25 It can be inferred from the passage that the term “reductionist“ would most likely apply to which of the following views concerning language? （ A） A number of words exist with identical meanings. （ B） Several words with different connotations may refer to the same obj
44、ect. （ C） A word used two centuries ago might refer to the same object today. （ D） Reality is constructed, not discovered, by the medium of language. （ E） A word may refer to non-existent objects, categories, and carry multiple connotations. 26 According to the passage, the word “violation“ would be
45、st be classified as a （ A） Function word （ B） Lexical word （ C） Concept word （ D） Category word （ E） Grammatical word 27 Which of the following best describes the authors statement that “an emphasis on reality as invariably perceptually seamless may be an exaggeration“ (lines 27-28)? （ A） An assumpt
46、ion based on evidence already presented （ B） A concession to the view opposing that of the authors （ C） A hypothesis concerning a possible problem with the nomenclaturist view （ D） An allusion to an argument presented earlier in the passage （ E） An example of the application of the authors view of l
47、anguage SECTION 4 Directions: Each question below consists of a word printed in capital letters followed by five lettered words or phrases. Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters. Since some of the questions require you to distinguis
48、h fine shades of meaning, be sure to consider all the choices before deciding which one is best. 28 PARSIMONY: （ A） authority （ B） taciturnity （ C） maneuver （ D） generosity （ E） dissipation 29 PROBITY: （ A） prudence （ B） tension （ C） unscrupulousness （ D） security （ E） insolence 30 GAUCHENESS: （ A）
49、vivacity （ B） laboriousness （ C） decency （ D） sophistication （ E） crudeness 31 INCHOATE: （ A） expeditious （ B） completely formed （ C） contemporary （ D） unrehearsed （ E） squalid 32 CRAVEN: （ A） valorous （ B） conceited （ C） meticulous （ D） unresponsive （ E） irritable 33 JABBER: （ A） quarrel （ B） talk leisurely （ C） prickle （ D） caress （ E） tease unsuitably 34 FLUENT: （ A） stuttering （ B） unsuitable （ C） duplicitous （ D） callous （ E） insulting 35 DISSONANCE: （ A） association （ B） sanction （ C） pact （ D
