1、GRE（ VERBAL）综合模拟试卷 5及答案与解析 一、 SECTION 3 Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. 1 The pla
2、nt called the scarlet gilia can have either red or white flowers. It had long been thought that hummingbirds, which forage by day, pollinate its red flowers and that hawkmoths, which forage at night, pollinate its white flowers. To try to show that this pattern of pollination by colors exists, scien
3、tists recently covered some scarlet gilia flowers only at night and others only by day: plants with red flowers covered at night became pollinated; plants with white flowers covered by day became pollinated. Which of the following, if true, would be additional evidence to suggest that hummingbirds a
4、re attracted to the red flowers and hawkmoths to the white flowers of the scarlet gilia? （ A） Uncovered scarlet gilia flowers, whether red or white, became pollinated at approximately equal rates. （ B） Some red flowers of the scarlet gilia that remained uncovered at all times never became pollinated
5、. （ C） White flowers of the scarlet gilia that were covered at night became pollinated with greater frequency than white flowers of the scarlet gilia that were left uncovered. （ D） Scarlet gilia plants with red flowers covered by day and scarlet gilia plants with white flowers covered at night remai
6、ned unpollinated. （ E） In late August, when most of the hummingbirds had migrated but hawkmoths were still plentiful, red scarlet gilia plants produced fruit more frequently than they had earlier in the season. 1 While the best sixteenth-century Renaissance scholars mastered the classics of ancient
7、Roman literature in the original Latin and understood them in their original historical context, most of the scholars educated contemporaries knew the classics only from school lessons on selected Latin texts. These were chosen by Renaissance teachers after much deliberation, for works written by an
8、d for the sophisticated adults of pagan Rome were not always considered suitable for the Renaissance young: the central Roman classics refused(as classics often do)to teach appropriate morality and frequently suggested the opposite. Teachers accordingly made students needs, not textual and historica
9、l accuracy, their supreme interest, chopping dangerous texts into short phrases, and using these to impart lessons extemporaneously on a variety of subjects, from syntax to science. Thus, I believe that a modern reader cannot know the associations that a line of ancient Roman poetry or prose had for
10、 any particular educated sixteenth-century reader. 2 The passage is primarily concerned with discussing the （ A） unsuitability of the Roman classics for the teaching of morality （ B） approach that sixteenth-century scholars took to learning the Roman classics （ C） effect that the Roman classics had
11、on educated people in the Renaissance （ D） way in which the Roman classics were taught in the sixteenth century （ E） contrast between the teaching of the Roman classics in the Renaissance and the teaching of the Roman classics today 3 The information in the passage suggests that which of the followi
12、ng would most likely result from a student s having studied the Roman classics under a typical sixteenth-century teacher? （ A） The student recalls a line of Roman poetry in conjunction with a point learned about grammar. （ B） The student argues that a Roman poem about gluttony is not morally offensi
13、ve when it is understood in its historical context. （ C） The student is easily able to express thoughts in Latin. （ D） The student has mastered large portions of the Roman classics. （ E） The student has a sophisticated knowledge of Roman poetry but little knowledge of Roman prose. 4 Which of the fol
14、lowing, if true, would most seriously weaken the assertion made in the passage concerning what a modern reader cannot know? （ A） Some modern readers are thoroughly familiar with the classics of ancient Roman literature because they majored in classics in college or obtained doctoral degrees in class
15、ics. （ B） Some modern readers have learned which particular works of Roman literature were taught to students in the sixteenth century. （ C） Modern readers can, with some effort, discover that sixteenth-century teachers selected some seemingly dangerous classical texts while excluding other seemingl
16、y innocuous texts. （ D） Copies of many of the classical texts used by sixteenth-century teachers, including marginal notes describing the oral lessons that were based on the texts, can be found in museums today. （ E） Many of the writings of the best sixteenth-century Renaissance scholars have been t
17、ranslated from Latin and are available to modern readers. 4 In humans, the pilomotor reflex leads to the response commonly known as goose bumps, and this response is widely considered to be vestigial that is, something formerly having a greater physiological advantage than at present. It occurs when
18、 the tiny muscle at the base of a hair follicle contracts, pulling the hair upright. In animals with feathers, fur, or quills, this creates a layer of insulating warm air or a reason for predators to think twice before attacking. But human hair is too puny to serve these functions. Goose bumps in hu
19、mans may, however, have acquired a new role. Like flushinganother thermoregulatory(heat-regulating)mechanism goose bumps have become linked with emotional responses, notably fear, rage, or the pleasure of, say, listening to beautiful music. They may thus serve as a signal to others. 5 In explaining
20、the “new role“(line 7)that goose bumps in humans may have acquired, the author assumes which of the following? （ A） Emotional responses in humans can be triggered by thermoregulatory mechanisms. （ B） The perceptibility of emotional responses to other humans offers some kind of benefit. （ C） If human
21、 hair were more substantial, goose bumps would not have acquired a new role. （ D） Goose bumps in animals with feathers, fur, or quills may also be linked to emotional responses. （ E） In humans, goose bumps represent an older physiological response than flushing. 6 Which of the following best describ
22、es the primary function of the next-to-last sentence(“Like . music“)? （ A） It makes a distinction between two types of mechanisms. （ B） It corrects a common misconception about the role of goose bumps in humans. （ C） It suggests reasons for the connection between emotional responses and goose bumps
23、in humans. （ D） It suggests that flushing and goose bumps signal the same emotional state. （ E） It helps explain a possible role played by goose bumps in humans. 6 This passage is adapted from material published in 2001. Frederick Douglass was unquestionably the most famous African American of the n
24、ineteenth century; indeed when he died in 1895 he was among the most distinguished public figures in the United States. In his study of Douglass career as a major figure in the movement to abolish slavery and as a spokesman for Black rights, Waldo Martin has provoked controversy by contending that D
25、ouglass also deserves a prominent place in the intellectual history of the United States because he exemplified so many strands of nineteenth-century thought: romanticism, idealism, individualism, liberal humanism, and an unshakable belief in progress. But this very argument provides ammunition for
26、those who claim that most of Douglass ideas, being so representative of their time, are now obsolete. Douglass vision of the future as a melting pot in which all racial and ethnic differences would dissolve into “a composite American nationality“ appears from the pluralist perspective of many presen
27、t-day intellectuals to be not only Utopian but even wrongheaded. Yet there is a central aspect of Douglass thought that seems not in the least bit dated or irrelevant to current concerns. He has no rival in the history of the nineteenth-century United States as an insistent and effective critic of t
28、he doctrine of innate racial inequality. He not only attacked racist ideas in his speeches and writings, but he offered his entire career and all his achievements as living proof that racists were wrong in their belief that one race could be inherently superior to another. While Martin stresses Doug
29、lass antiracist egalitarianism, he does not adequately explain how this aspect of Douglass thought fits in with his espousal of the liberal Victorian attitudes that many present-day intellectuals consider to be naive and outdated. The fact is that Douglass was attracted to these democratic-capitalis
30、t ideals of his time because they could be used to attack slavery and the doctrine of White supremacy. His favorite rhetorical strategy was to expose the hypocrisy of those who, while professing adherence to the ideals of democracy and equality of opportunity, condoned slavery and racial discriminat
31、ion. It would have been strange indeed if he had not embraced liberal idealism, because it proved its worth for the cause of racial equality during the national crisis that eventually resulted in emancipation and citizenship for African Americans. These points may seem obvious, but had Martin given
32、them more attention, his analysis might have constituted a more convincing rebuttal to those critics who dismiss Douglass ideology as a relic of the past. If one accepts the proposition that Douglass deepest commitment was to Black equality and that he used the liberal ideals of his time as weapons
33、in the fight for that cause, then it is hard to fault him for seizing the best weapons at hand. 7 The passage as a whole can best be described as doing which of the following? （ A） Explaining Douglass emergence as a major figure in the movement to abolish slavery （ B） Tracing the origins of Douglass
34、 thought in nineteenth-century romanticism, idealism, and liberal humanism （ C） Analyzing Douglass speeches and writings from a modern, pluralist perspective （ D） Criticizing Martin for failing to stress the contradiction between Douglass principles and the liberal Victorian attitudes of his day （ E
35、） Formulating a response to those who consider Douglass political philosophy to be archaic and irrelevant 8 It can be inferred that the “present-day intellectuals“(line 12)believe that （ A） although Douglass used democratic-capitalist ideas to attack slavery and racial inequality, he did not sincere
36、ly believe in those ideas （ B） the view that Douglass was representative of the intellectual trends of his time is obsolete （ C） Douglass opposition to the doctrine of innate racial inequality is irrelevant to current concerns （ D） Douglass commitment to Black equality does not adequately account fo
37、r his naive attachment to quaint liberal Victorian political views （ E） Douglass goal of ultimately doing away with all racial and ethnic differences is neither achievable nor desirable 9 According to the passage, Douglass used which of the following as evidence against the doctrine of innate racial
38、 inequality? （ A） His own life story （ B） His vision of a composite American nationality （ C） The hypocrisy of self-professed liberal idealists （ D） The inevitability of the emancipation of African Americans （ E） The fact that most prominent intellectuals advocated the abolition of slavery 10 Each o
39、f the following is mentioned in the passage as an element of Douglass ideology EXCEPT （ A） idealism （ B） egalitarianism （ C） capitalism （ D） pluralism （ E） humanism 10 Supernovas in the Milky Way are the likeliest source for most of the cosmic rays reaching Earth. However, calculations show that sup
40、ernovas cannot produce ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays(UHECRs), which have energies exceeding 1018 electron volts. It would seem sensible to seek the source of these in the universes most conspicuous energy factories: quasars and gamma-ray bursts billions of light-years away from Earth. But UHECRs tend
41、 to collide with photons of the cosmic microwave backgroundpervasive radiation that is a relic of the early universe. The odds favor a collision every 20 million light-years, each collision costing 20 percent of the cosmic rays energy. Consequently, no cosmic ray traveling much beyond 100 million li
42、ght-years can retain the energy observed in UHECRs. 11 It can be inferred that the author of the passage would agree with which of the following about the origin of UHECRs that reach Earth? （ A） The origin is something other than supernovas in the Milky Way. （ B） The origin is most likely something
43、other than very distant quasars or gamma-ray bursts. （ C） The origin is most likely no more than a little over 100 million light-years away from Earth. 12 In the context of the author s argument, the last sentence performs which of the following functions? （ A） It explains a criterion that was emplo
44、yed earlier in the argument. （ B） It shows that an apparently plausible position is actually self-contradictory. （ C） It is a conclusion drawn in the course of refuting a potential explanation. （ D） It overturns an assumption on which an opposing position depends. （ E） It states the main conclusion
45、that the author is seeking to establish. 12 The massive influx of women cyclists making up at least a third of the total market was perhaps the most striking and profound social consequence of the mid-1890s cycling boom. Although the new, improved bicycle had appealed immediately to a few privileged
46、 women, its impact would have been modest had it not attracted a greater cross section of the female population. It soon became apparent that many of these pioneer women bicyclists had not taken up the sport as an idle pastime. Rather, they saw cycling as a noble cause to be promoted among all women
47、 as a means to improve the general female condition. Not only would cycling encourage healthy outdoor exercise, they reasoned, it would also hasten long-overdue dress reform. To feminists, the bicycle affirmed nothing less than the dignity and equality of women. 13 Which of the following statements
48、about women cyclists is supported by the passage? （ A） The newly improved bicycle of the mid-1890s appealed mostly to women in a privileged position. （ B） The great majority of women in the mid-1890s considered cycling an idle pastime. （ C） Women bicyclists promoted cycling as a healthy form of outd
49、oor exercise. 14 Which of the following does the passage suggest about pioneer women cyclists? （ A） They saw cycling as a means to promote the advancement of women. （ B） They argued that cycling would encourage women to get involved in a variety of noble causes. （ C） They provided several reasons for a cross section of the female population to use the bicycle. 15 Which of the following best describes the function of the second sentence(“Although . population“)? （ A） It corrects a common misconception regarding the use of the bicycle in the mid-1890s. （ B） It elaborat
