1、GRE（ VERBAL）阅读模拟试卷 6及答案与解析 SECTION 3 Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. 0 Biologist
2、know that some marine algae can create clouds by producing the gas dimethyl sulphide (DMS), which reacts with oxygen in air above the sea to form solid particles. These particles provide a surface on which water vapor can condense to form clouds. Lovelock contends that this process is part of global
3、 climatic-control system. According to Lovelock, Earth acts like a super organism, with all its biological and physical systems cooperating to keep it healthy. He hypothesized that warmer conditions increase algal activity and DMS output, seeding more clouds, which cool the planet by blocking out th
4、e Sun. Then, as the climate cools, algal activity and DMS level decrease and the cycle continues. In response to biologists who question how organisms presumably working for their own selfish ends could have evolved to behave in a way that benefits not only the planet but the organisms as well, cool
5、ing benefits the algae, which remain at the ocean surface, because it allows the cooled upper layers of the ocean to sink, and then the circulating water carries nutrients upward from the depths below. Algae may also benefit from nitrogen raining down from clouds they have helped to form. 1 Accordin
6、g to the passage, which of the following occurs as a result of cooling in the upper layers of the ocean? （ A） The concentration of oxygen in the air above the oceans surface decreases. （ B） The concentration of DMS in the air above the oceans surface increases. （ C） The nutrient supply at the surfac
7、e of the ocean is replenished. （ D） Cloud formation increases over the ocean. （ E） Marine algae make more efficient use of nutrients. 2 Which of the following is most similar to the role played by marine algae in the global climate control system proposed by Lovelock? （ A） A fan that continually rep
8、laces stale air in a room with fresh air from outside. （ B） A thermostat that automatically controls an air-conditioning system. （ C） An insulating blanket that retains heat. （ D） A filter used to purify water. （ E） A dehumidifier that constantly removes moisture from the air in a room. 3 The passag
9、e mentions the possible benefit to algae of nitrogen falling down in the rain most likely in order to （ A） Provide support for Lovelocks response to an objection mentioned in the passage. （ B） Suggest that the climatic effects of DMS production have been underestimated. （ C） Acknowledge that Loveloc
10、ks hypothesis is based in part on speculation. （ D） Demonstrate that DMS production alters the planet in more than one way. （ E） Assert that algae are the sole beneficiaries of DMS production. 4 Last year, Mayor Stephens established a special law-enforcement task force with the avowed mission of era
11、dicating corruption in city government. The mayors handpicked task force has now begun prosecuting a dozen city officials. Since all of these officials were appointed by Mayor Bixby, Mayor Stephens predecessor and longtime political foe, it is clear that those being prosecuted have been targeted bec
12、ause of their political affiliations. Which of the following, if true, most weakens the editorials argument? （ A） Complaints of official corruption in city government have decreased since the anticorruption task force began operating. （ B） Former mayor Bixby did not publicly oppose Mayor Stephens es
13、tablishment of the anticorruption task force. （ C） Almost all of the officials who have served in city government for any length of time are appointees of Mayor Bixby. （ D） All of the members of the anticorruption task force had other jobs in city government before the task force was formed. （ E） Du
14、ring the last mayoral election campaign, thenMayor Bixby hotly disputed the current mayors claim that there was widespread corruption in city government. 5 The Great Sphinx is a huge statue in Egypt that has a lions body with a mans head. The face of the Sphinx has long been claimed to be that of ph
15、araoh Khafre, who lived around 2600 B.C., but it cannot be: erosion patterns recently discovered on the lions legs can only have been caused by heavy rains, and the Sahara has not had heavy rains in over 10,000 years. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument? （ A） The fac
16、e of the Sphinx bears a resemblance to the faces on certain stylized statues dating from both before and after the reign of Khafre. （ B） Other erosion patterns that appear on the body of the Sphinx are of a sort that could be caused by wind and sand alone （ C） Other than the Sphinx, there are no sur
17、viving sculptures that have been claimed to portray the face of Khafre. （ D） In the last 10,000 years the climate of Egypt has been so dry that even rains that are not heavy have been extremely infrequent. （ E） The face of the Sphinx is small relative to the rest of the head, indicating that the fac
18、e may have been recarved long after the Sphinx was built. 6 Recently an unusually high number of dolphins have been found dead of infectious diseases, and most of these had abnormally high tissue concentrations of certain compounds that, even in low concentrations, reduce dolphins resistance to infe
19、ction. The only source of these compounds in the dolphins environment is boat paint. Therefore, since dolphins rid their bodies of the compounds rapidly once exposure ceases, their mortality rate should decline rapidly if such boat paints are banned. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens
20、 the argument? （ A） The levels of the compounds typically used in boat paints today are lower than they were in boat paints manufactured a decade ago. （ B） In high concentrations, the compounds are toxic to many types of marine animals. （ C） The compounds break down into harmless substances after a
21、few months of exposure to water or air. （ D） High tissue levels of the compounds have recently been found in some marine animals, but there is no record of any of those animals dying in unusually large numbers recently. （ E） The compounds do not leach out of the boat paint if the paint is applied ex
22、actly in accordance with the manufacturers directions. 7 Extensive housing construction is underway in Pataska Forest, the habitat of a large population of deer. Because deer feed at the edges of forests, these deer will be attracted to the spaces alongside the new roads being cut through Pataska Fo
23、rest to serve the new residential areas. Consequently, once the housing is occupied, the annual number of the forests deer hit by cars will be much higher than before construction started. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends? （ A） The number of deer hit by commercia
24、l vehicles will not increase significantly when the housing is occupied. （ B） Deer will be as attracted to the forest edge around new houses as to the forest edge alongside roads. （ C） In years past, the annual number of deer that have been hit by cars on existing roads through Pataska Forest has be
25、en very low. （ D） The development will leave sufficient forest to sustain a significant population of deer. （ E） No deer hunting will be allowed in Pataska Forest when the housing is occupied. 8 Sportfishers introduced the Zander, a type of perch, to Britains rivers and canals in the 1970s. Because
26、zander eat large numbers of smaller fish, they have had a devastating effect on native fish populations. To protect the native fish, a government program removed a significant proportion of the zander from Britains waterways last year. Surprisingly, this year the loss of native fish to zander has be
27、en greater than before. Which of the following, if true, would most help to explain the greater effect of zander on the native fish population? （ A） The climate in Britain is very similar to the climate in regions to which zander are native. （ B） Most of the zander removed were fully grown, and full
28、y grown zander eat large numbers of smaller zander. （ C） Every year a large number of zander are caught by sportfisher in Britains waterway. （ D） Previous government program designed to remove nonnative species from Britains waterways have failed. （ E） Zander are just one of several nonnative fish t
29、hat prey on the other fish found in Britains waterway. 9 People widely believed that the controlled use of fire originated 200,000 years ago with the human species Homo sapiens. However, a site containing a deposit, estimated to be nearly 500,000 years old, consisting of charcoal, burned animal bone
30、s, and charred rocks, has recently been found. Although homo sapiens did not exist at that time, this discovery provides no basis to the claim that the controlled use of fire preceded the Homo sapiens, since _. Which of the following most logically completes the passage? （ A） the use of fire might h
31、ave originated independently in several different parts of the world （ B） it is possible that fire was used much earlier than 500,000 years ago （ C） the charred rocks found in the deposit included several different kinds of stone, all of which are common in the immediate vicinity of the site （ D） an
32、imal bones could have been discarded in a fire used for purposes such as protection or heat rather than for cooking （ E） it is impossible to determine whether a charred deposit dating from so long ago resulted from a fire caused by lightening or from the purposeful use of fire 10 Before 1970, childr
33、en in the United States were commonly vaccinated against smallpox. In the early 1970s, large-scale vaccinations of children against smallpox were discontinued because smallpox had virtually disappeared from the world. Recently, some scientists have cautioned that the Unite States could be exposed to
34、 smallpox again. Contrary to what many people believe, this exposure would probably find all age-groups within the United States population at comparable levels of risk of contracting smallpox, since_. Which of the following most logically completes the passage? （ A） smallpox is a highly communicabl
35、e disease among people who are not immune to it （ B） smallpox vaccine is not now widely available in the United States （ C） the population of the United States has been growing more slowly since 1970 than it was before then （ D） smallpox vaccinations lose their efficacy after about 20 years （ E） peo
36、ple in the United States travel more than they did in 1970, thereby increasing the chances that an epidemic could spread 11 New methods developed in genetic research have led taxonomists to revise their views on the evolutionary relationships between many species. Traditionally the relatedness of sp
37、ecies has been ascertained by a close comparison of their anatomy. The new methods infer the closeness of any two species relationship to each other directly from similarities between the species genetic codes. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the information? （ A） The apparen
38、t degree of relatedness of some species, as determined by anatomical criteria, is not borne out by their degree of genetic similarity. （ B） When they know the differences between two species genetic codes, taxonomists can infer what the observable anatomical differences between those species must be
39、. （ C） The degree to which individuals of the same species are anatomically similar is determined more by their genetic codes than by such environmental factors as food supply. （ D） The traditional anatomical methods by which taxonomists investigated the relatedness of species are incapable of any f
40、urther refinement. （ E） Without the use of genetic methods, taxonomists would never be able to obtain any accurate information about species degrees of relatedness to one another. 12 Stylistic evidence and laboratory evidence strongly support the claim that the magnificent painting Garden of Eden is
41、 a work of the Flemish master van Eyck. Nevertheless, the painting must have been the work of someone else, as any one with a little historical and zoological knowledge can tell merely by looking at the painting. The animals in the painting are all vivid representations of actual animals, including
42、armadillos. Yet armadillos are native only to the Americas, and van Eyck died decades before Europeans reached the Americas. In the argument given, the two highlighted portions play which of the following roles? （ A） The first is a position that the argument seeks to reject; the second is evidence t
43、hat the argument uses against that position. （ B） The first and the second are each pieces of evidence that have been used to support the position that the argument opposes. （ C） The first presents the main conclusion of the argument; the second provides evidence in support of that conclusion. （ D）
44、The first is a judgment that serves as the basis for the main conclusion of the argument; the second states that main conclusion. （ E） The first is an intermediate conclusion drawn in order to support a further conclusion stated in the argument; the second provides evidence in support of that interm
45、ediate conclusion. 13 Columnist: Until very recently, Presorbin and Veltrex, two medications used to block excess stomach acid, were both available only with a prescription written by a doctor. In an advertisement for Presorbin, its makers argue that Presorbin is superior on the grounds that doctors
46、 have written 200 million prescriptions for Presorbin, as compared to 100 million for Veltrex. It can be argued that the number of prescriptions written is never a worthwhile criterion for comparing the merits of medicines, but that the advertisements argument is absurd is quite adequately revealed
47、by observing that Presorbin was available as a prescription medicine years before Veltrex was. In the columnists argument, the two highlighted portions play which of the following roles? （ A） The first is a claim that the columnists argument seeks to clarify; the second states a conclusion drawn abo
48、ut one possible interpretation of that claim. （ B） The first identifies the conclusion of an argument that the columnists argument is directed against; the second states the main conclusion of the columnists argument. （ C） The first states the main conclusion of the columnists argument; the second s
49、tates a conclusion that the columnist draws in defending that conclusion against an objection. （ D） The first identifies an assumption made in an argument that the columnists argument is directed against; the second states the main conclusion of the columnists argument. （ E） The first is a claim that has been offered as evidence to support a position that the columnist opposes; the second states the main conclusion of the columnists argument GRE（ VERBAL）阅读模拟试卷 6答案与解析 SECTION 3 Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on
