1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 106及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Values, Characteristics, Personal Habits and Courtesies of Americans Although Americans hate generalizati
3、ons and hold an ethnocentric point of view, they can be summarized or categorized by some evident values they prefer: Individualism 2) books and movies may be judged on the【 10】 _ that are sold or on the【 10】_ sum of money as profit that is realized. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】
4、8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following
5、five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to Wolfensohn, they are going to make a needs assessment with their colleagues from _. （ A） the Asian Development Bank, the EU, Japan, and the United States （ B） the Asian Development Bank, the U.S, Japan, and the United Nations （ C） the Asia
6、n Development Bank, the UN, Japan and the United States （ D） the Asian Development Bank, the UN, Japan, and the United Kingdoms 12 What is the specific role of the World Bank right now? （ A） To call the community to donate more money after emergency takes place. （ B） To provide financial help after
7、the emergency takes place. （ C） To be ready with emergent financial crisis. （ D） To be ready for the financial needs of the community. 13 Why wasnt there a better early-warning system for the natural disaster, like the tsunamis? （ A） Because people were not afraid of that. （ B） Because tsunamis neve
8、r happens in Indian Ocean. （ C） It would cost too much money. （ D） It was difficult for the people in Indian Ocean region to expect such an experience. 14 Stephanopoulos pointed out that the number of todays natural disasters is about _ times more than that of the 1960s. （ A） 2 （ B） 3 （ C） 4 （ D） 5
9、15 What can you learn from the interview? （ A） Kofi Annan said this was going to be a five-to-ten year effort costing 250 million dollars. （ B） Human is spending nine hundred billion dollars a year on military expenditure. （ C） Wolfensohn called people to stop spend money on military expenditure. （
10、D） Wolfensohn believed that the poverty would never be relieved. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16
11、 The holiday began as a way to honor soldiers killed during _. （ A） Revolutionary War （ B） the First World War （ C） wars involved America （ D） the Civil War 17 More than _ are buried in Arlington National Cemetery today. （ A） 216,000 （ B） 206,000 （ C） 260,000 （ D） 266,000 18 According to Mr. Verlege
12、r, what is the most important change in the global energy economy in 30 years? （ A） the rapid growth in world oil consumption （ B） the rise of China and India （ C） the construction of new pipelines is becoming more difficult （ D） the rise of oil price 19 Pakistans prime ministers proposal involved _
13、. （ A） Persian Gulf, Pakistan and China （ B） Persian Gulf, Pakistan and India （ C） Pakistan, India and China. （ D） Persian Gulf and Pakistan 19 In place of the king, two chief executives were chosen annually by the whole body of citizens. These were known as praetors, or leaders, but later received
14、the title of consuls. The participation of a colleague in the exercise of supreme power and the limitation of the tenure to one year prevented the chief magistrate from becoming autocratic. The character of the Senate was altered by the enrollment of plebeian members, known as conscripti, and hence
15、the official designation of the senators thereafter was patres conscripti (conscript fathers). As yet, only patricians were eligible for the magistracies, and the discontent of the plebs led to a violent struggle between the two orders and the gradual removal of the social and political disabilities
16、 under which the plebs had labored. In 494 BC a secession of plebeian soldiers led to the institution of the tribuni plebis, who were elected annually as protectors of the plebs; they had the power to veto the acts of patrician magistrates, and thus served as the leaders of the plebs in the struggle
17、s with the patricians. The appointment of the decemvirate, a commission of ten men, in 451 BC resulted in the drawing up of a famous code of laws. In 445 BC, under the Canuleian law, marriages between patricians and members of the plebs were declared legally valid. By the Licinian-Sextian laws, pass
18、ed in 367 BC, it was provided that one of the two consuls should thenceforth be plebeian. The other magistracies were gradually opened to the plebs: in 356 BC the dictatorship, an extraordinary magistracy, the incumbent of which was appointed in times of great danger; in 350 BC, the censorship; in 3
19、37 BC, the praetorship; and in 300 BC, the pontifical and augural colleges. These political changes gave rise to a new aristocracy, composed of patrician and wealthy plebeian families, and admission to the Senate became almost the hereditary privilege of these families. The Senate, which had origina
20、lly possessed little administrative power, became a powerful governing body, dealing with matters of war and peace, foreign alliances, the founding of colonies, and the handling of the state finances. The rise of this new nobilitas brought to an end the struggles between the two orders, but the posi
21、tion of the poorer plebeian families was not improved, and the marked contrast between the conditions of the rich and the poor led to struggles in the later Republic between the aristocratic party and the popular party. The external history of Rome during this period was chiefly military. Rome had a
22、cquired the leadership of Latium before the close of the regal period. Assisted by their allies, the Romans fought wars against the Etruscans, the Volscians, and the Aequians. The military policy of Rome became more aggressive in the 60 years between 449 and 390 BC. The defeat of the Romans at Allia
23、 and the capture and burning of Rome by the Gauls under the leadership of the chieftain Brennus in 390 BC were great disasters, but their effect was temporary. The capture of the Etruscan city of Veil in 396 BC by the soldier and statesman Marcus Furius Camillus spelled the beginning of the end for
24、Etruscan independence. Other Etruscan cities hastened to make peace, and by the middle of the 4th century BC all southern Etruria was kept in check by Roman garrisons and denationalized by an influx of Roman colonists. Victories over the Volscians, the Latins, and the Hernicans gave the Romans contr
25、ol of central Italy and brought them into conflict with the Samnites of southern Italy, who were defeated in a series of three wars, extending from 343 to 290 BC. A revolt of the Latins and Volscians was put down, and in 338 BC the Latin League, a long-established confederation of the cities of Lati
26、um, was dissolved. A powerful coalition was at this time formed against Rome, consisting of Etruscans, Umbrians, and Gauls in the north, and of Lucanians, Bruttians, and Sanmites in the south; this coalition endangered the power of Rome, but the northern confederacy was defeated in 283 BC and the so
27、uthern states soon after 20 Which one is not true about the magistrate? （ A） It was difficult for the chief magistrate to become a dictator （ B） Any Roman had the chance to become the magistrate （ C） The plebs couldnt hold the post of magistrate （ D） Magistrates power was limited 21 In 450 BC, the p
28、lebs _. （ A） had their own magistrate （ B） were allowed to marry the patricians （ C） must obey the famous Licinian-Sextian law （ D） had their own leaders who could veto the acts of the nobles 22 The political changes led to _. （ A） new governing components （ B） a more powerful senate （ C） the appear
29、ance of two different parties （ D） all of the above 23 According to the last paragraph, we know that _. （ A） the history of Rome in this period was marked with internal conflicts （ B） Rome was invincible in this period （ C） Gauls ended the prosperity of Rome （ D） some Etruscan cities were frightened
30、 by Romes victory 24 Which one is in the central Italy? （ A） Volscians （ B） Sanmites （ C） Umbrians （ D） Bruttians, 24 Paris: Thanks to a French insurance company, brides and bridegrooms with cold feet no longer face financial disaster from a canceled wedding. For a small premium, they can take out a
31、 policy protecting them from love gone away or anything else that threatens to rain on their big day. Despite Frances economic woes, the amount of money spent on weddings is rising 5-10 per cent a year. And people in the Paris region now dish out an average of 60,000 francs on tying the knot. But li
32、fe is unpredictable and non-refundable, so French insurers have stepped in to ease the risk, finding their own little niche in the business of love. They join colleagues in Britain, where insurers say wedding cancellation policies have been around for about a decade. About 5 per cent of insured wedd
33、ings there never make it to the altar. Indeed, better safe than sorry. “Obviously there are some who are superstitious, but in general people like the idea,“ said Jacqueline Loeb, head of a Parisian insurance company. In the past six weeks, she has sold 15 policies at a premium of about 3 per cent o
34、f the amount a client wants to be insured for. These careful customers, she said, have included a man who was worried his fiancee would have an allergic attack on her wedding day and a woman whose future mother-in-law was gravely ill. The policy covers those and other nuptial impediments: an acciden
35、t that forces a cancellation of a wedding, an unexpected change of venue for the reception, damage caused at it, and even honeymoons that dont happen. As for the ultimate deal-breaker, cold feet, they are also insured-but only until eight clays before the ceremony. British insurers, however, said th
36、ey wouldnt touch that clause with a stick. Steve Warner, sales director of Insure Expo-Sure in London, says the six policies he sells each week in the wedding season protect against things like damaged wedding dresses, illness and death, but not changes 0f heart.“ Disinclination to marry is not cove
37、red,“ he said. Ms Loed, who says hers is the only French agency offering wedding policies, said she started the service last December. A chateau outside Paris that hosts receptions was taking a beating from last-minute cancellations, and approached Ms Loed to see if there washt some way of protectin
38、g itself. She obliged, then started advertising with caterers and wedding departments in large department stores, and the idea has taken off nicely.“ We respond to a need,“ she said. 25 Whats the main purpose of the passage? （ A） To thank a French insurance company for what has been done. （ B） To ex
39、plain how a French insurance company works. （ C） To tell brides and bridegrooms what to do before getting married. （ D） To ask husband and wife-to-be to take out an insurance policy. 26 The cost for people in the Paris region on weddings last year was probably _. （ A） 50,000 francs （ B） 57,000 franc
40、s （ C） 60,000 francs （ D） 63,000 francs 27 The policy covers the following EXCEPT _ . （ A） unwillingness of marriage （ B） suspension of honeymoon （ C） changes of place for wedding （ D） sudden death 28 “ About 5 per cent of insured weddings there never make it to the altar.“ The sentence implies 5 pe
41、r cent of insured couples _ . （ A） failed to go to the church （ B） didnt change the place for wedding （ C） didnt get married at all （ D） didnt hold the wedding ceremony in a church 28 There is a great concern in Europe and North America about declining standards of literacy in schools. In Britain, t
42、he fact that 30 percent of 16 year olds have a reading age of 14 or less has helped to prompt massive educational changes. The development of literacy has far-reaching effects on general intellectual development and thus anything that impedes the development of literacy is a serious matter for us al
43、l. So the hunt is on for the cause of the decline in literacy. The search so far has forced on socioeconomic factors, or the effectiveness of“ traditional“ versus“ modern“ teaching techniques: The fruitless search for the cause of the increase in illiteracy is a tragic example of the saying“ They ca
44、nt see the wood for the trees“. When teachers use picture books, they are simply continuing a long-established tradition that is accepted without question. And for the past two decades, illustrations in reading primers have become increasingly detailed and obtrusive, while language has become impove
45、rished-sometimes to the point of extinction. Amazingly, there is virtually no empirical evidence to support the use of illustrations in teaching reading. On the contrary, a great deal of empirical evidence shows that pictures interfere in a damaging way with all aspects of learning to read. Despite
46、this, from North America to the Antipodes, the first books that many school children receive are totally without text. A teachers main concern is to help young beginner readers to develop not only the ability to recognize words, but the skills necessary to understand what these words mean. Even if a
47、 child is able to read aloud fluently, he or she may not be able to understand much of it: this is called“ barking at text“. The teachers takes of improving comprehension is made harder by influences outside the classroom. But the adverse effects of such things as television, video games, or limited
48、 language experiences at home, can be offset by experiencing “rich“ language at school. Instead, it is not unusual for a book of 30 or more pages to have only one sentence full of repetitive phrases. The artwork is often marvelous, but the pictures make the language redundant, and the children have
49、no need to imagine anything when they read such books. Looking at a picture actively prevents children younger than nine from creating a mental image, and can make it difficult for older children. In order to learn how to comprehend, they need to practice making their own meaning in response to text. They need to have their innate powers of imagination trained. As they grow older, many children turn aside from books without pictures, and it is a situation made more serious as out culture beco
