1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 122及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Clocks through Time It took human being a long time to invent diverse ways for telling time. About 3000 y
3、ears ago people first made a circle with a stick in tile center of it to【 1】 【 1】_ _ the passage of time by noticing various marks on the circle the shadow of the stick fell across. Since these kinds of circles that are called【 2】 _ did not work without 【 2】_ the sun, men had to find other ways to k
4、eep track of time, including a【 3】 _ 【 3】 _ candle on which each stripe took about one hour to melt, a water clock which had a line with a number beside it for every hour and an【 4】 _ which followed tile 【 4】 _ invention of glass blowing. The first clock with a face and an hour hand was invented abo
5、ut 600 years ago for few people. With the gradually【 5】 _ use of clocks, they were beautiful- 【 5】 _ ly【 6】 _, though they could not keep correct time. Scarcely had clocks been 【 6】 _ made small enough to be carried when watches came into use. As the beginning of the style of “grandfather clocks, wh
6、ich were enclosed in tall wooden boxes, the【 7】 _ clock was made in 165【 7】 In 1700, there were 【 7】 _ clocks with minute and second hands. About 200 years later, a clock is commonly used in every house and a watch is almost used by every【 8】 _ gentleman. 【 8】 _ A newly created clock that shows the
7、time exactly is so- called【 9】 _ 【 9】_ clock. Nowadays such a clock has more and more complicated functions. 【 10】 _ as clocks and watches are, time means different things to differ- 【 10】 _ ent nations. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Dire
8、ctions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11
9、 Linda learned about square -foot gardening _. （ A） by attending a class （ B） from her parents （ C） through a gardening magazine （ D） by learning form her friend 12 What is the main benefit of developing a square - foot garden? （ A） You can grow vegetables vertically. （ B） You can raise plants in a
10、confined area （ C） You can plant a wide variety of plants together. （ D） You can make a lot of profit. 13 Which point was NOT mentioned in starting this type of garden? （ A） Sunlight. （ B） Location. （ C） Soil. （ D） Good drainage. 14 Which list of plants does Linda mention in her garden? （ A） Tomatoe
11、s, beets, egg plant, and squash. （ B） Strawberries, green peppers, okra, and tomatillos. （ C） Basil, onions, cantaloupe, and banana peppers. （ D） Carrots, cucumbers, pumpkins, potatoes. 15 What will happen at the end of the show? （ A） Linda will give tips on how to prepare the soil. （ B） Linda will
12、discuss building a green house. （ C） Linda will give a tour of her garden. （ D） Linda will invite her friends to her house. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news ite
13、m, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 When did the remnants of Russias Mir space station plunged into the Pacific Ocean? （ A） On Thursday. （ B） On Friday. （ C） On Saturday. （ D） On Sunday. 17 Which of the following statements about Mir space station is NOT true according to the
14、 news? （ A） It ended its 15 -year mission after it was pitched into the Pacific Ocean. （ B） It ended up in an unpopulated part of the Pacific some 1,800 miles southwest of Britains Pitcairn Islands. （ C） It occurred in the exact area that the Russian space agency had predicted, between Australia and
15、 Chile. （ D） Its fragments hit a fleet of 27 tuna boats fishing in the South Pacific Ocean. 18 Why is the International Museum of Cartoon Art auctioning its first drawings of Mickey Mouse? （ A） To help the construction of the country. （ B） To pay for the salary of the staff. （ C） To help pay debts.
16、（ D） To redecorate the museum. 19 What is the value of the storyboard of the 1928 Walt Disney cartoon “Plane Crazy“ according to Mort Walker, founder of the museum? （ A） Near 2 million. （ B） 3.2 million and 3.7 million. （ C） About 18,000. （ D） 20,000 and 24,000. 20 Which of the following is NOT true
17、 according to the news? （ A） More than 200,400 drawings will be put on the block Saturday at the New York Historical Society. （ B） Plane Crazy was the first drawing ever made of Mickey Mouse. （ C） The museum will offer the drawings and hundreds of other items for sale to defray nearly 2 million in d
18、ebt. （ D） Comic strips of such characters as Bugs Bunny, Charlie Brown, Beetle Bailey, Dennis the Menace and Prince Valiant were also auctioned 20 As well as the problems concerned with obtaining good quality audio recordings, recording also raises important theoretical problems. The main problem is
19、 usually referred to as the observers paradox. Ideally we want to know how people use language when they are not being observed. When speakers know they are being observed, their language shifts towards more formal styles, probably rather erratically, as not everything in language is under equal con
20、scious control, and as speakers probably go through cycles of half forgetting they are being recorded. So the most casual language is the most difficult to record. The language that linguists would most like to be able to record is the language which is most susceptible to contamination by observati
21、on. With modem audio-recording equipment, there is, of course, no difficulty in recording speakers in many face-to-face situations or on the telephone. Some researchers have ethical objections to such recordings; others adopt a compromise solution of recording without their knowledge and then tellin
22、g them afterwards. How- ever, suppose one decides to record people with their knowledge, what solutions are there, if any, to the effect of the recording on the speakers? In many cases, the recording may have to be with the speakersconsent in any case, for example, if recording teachers, doctors, ma
23、gistrates, or official meetings of different kinds. One argument, put forward by Wolfson(1976) ,is that there is no such thing as natural speech in any absolute sense. All language changes to be appropriate to the situation. All there is to study, then, is what people regard as appropriate in differ
24、ent situations. In any case, in all social situations, we ale. aware of being monitoned to some extent by others present: being monitored by a tape-recorder and researcher is therefore just a particular example of this. This type of argument usefully points out that the hunt for pure, natural or aut
25、hentic data is a chimera. On the other hand, we may be investigating how people speak when they are un- comfortable. Being permanently recorded and studied is not a normal situation foxmost people, and those for whom it is an everyday occurance ( including celebrities, radio personalities, courtroom
26、 lawyers ) develop special strategies to deal with it. There is always the suspicion that in extraordinary situations people produce extraordinary language. One research strategy is proposed by J. Wilson. lie argues that since speakers will inevitably be affect- ed by the recording, one should delib
27、erately study such effects: what he called tape-affected speech. Exam- pies would include direct references to the recording equipment or uncharacteristically polite usages, or the opposite-deliberately obscene references, for example, where speakers are showing that they do not care what is recorde
28、d. This suggestion is useful, insofar as it warns researchers what to be aware of in recordings. On the other hand, we ought to know about normal language, not about such artificially produced ones. It is regularly proposed that speakers grow used to being recorded, and that tape-affected speeches d
29、e- crease with time. One can, therefore, record speakers over some hours or days, and either edit out tape affect- ed sections, or simply discard earlier data. Although this principle seems very plausible, there appears to be no studies which have tested its validity. A similarly plausible but not w
30、ell-tested claim is that if people are recorded in self-selected groups, then the pressures of interacting in a group will overrid the iuflueuce of the tape-recorder. Labor (1972b) claimes that recording Negro youths in their peer groups deceased the attention they paid to their speech. On the other
31、 hand, he was recording gangs of boys who might have gone out of their way to display their group solidarity to the observer. A different version of this argument is to record natural social groups. I did so in working class areas of Belfast. I became a natural member of the groups, with a socially
32、recognized role. Despite the fact that I was known by some members to be making tape-recordings, I was not seen as a researcher, but as a friend of a friend! Having been initiated into the group by someone who knew my interests, these interests were not always seen as relevant, and not necessarily m
33、entioned in introducing me to other members. I could, therefore, observe the group while not being defined as an observer. In other ways, I found a way of being present myself without breaking the interactional equipment, and that the effect of recording could not last for long periods during which
34、I recorded. 21 The author is mainly _ （ A） talking about file practical problems concerning obtaining good quality audio - recordings （ B） talking about the theoretical problems concerning obtaining good quality audio - recordings （ C） talking about the observers paradox （ D） talking about the speak
35、ers styles and conscious control 22 With modem audio -recording equipment, there is (are) _. （ A） no difficulty in recording speakers in many face -to- face situations or on the telephone （ B） still some difficulties in recording speakers in many face -to -face situations or on the telephone （ C） no
36、 difficulty in recording speakers in many face - to - face situatious but some on the telephone （ D） some difficulties in recording speakers in many face - to - face situations but not an the telephone 23 Wolfson maintains that there is no such thing as natural speech in any absolute sense, because
37、_. （ A） all language changes to be appropriate to the situation （ B） in any case, in all social situations, we are aware of being mentioned to some extent by others present （ C） being mentioned by a tape - recorder and researcher is just one particular example of this （ D） all of the above 24 J. Wil
38、son argues that _. （ A） since speakers will inevitably be affected by the recording one should not study such effects （ B） since speakers will inevitably be affected by the recording one should deliberately study such effects （ C） since speakers will not be affacted by the recording one should not s
39、tudy such effects （ D） since speakers will not be affected by the recording one should deloberately study such effects 25 It is generally proposed that speakers _. （ A） grow used to being recorded, and that tape - affected speeches increase with time （ B） do not grow used to being recorded, and that
40、 tape-affected speeches increase with time （ C） grow used to being recorded, and that tape - affected speeches decrease with time （ D） do not grow used to being recorded, and that tape - affected speeches decrease with time 25 Drivers on me Basmg stoke by-pass used to have their attention diverted b
41、y a sign that read A MOMENTS INATTENTION CAUSES ACCIDENTS. This self-defeating warning has now been removed but its message is still very much to the point. Almost anything can cause an accident. Apart front momentary inattention, it might be a minor miscalculation. Although human error plays its pa
42、rt, it is by no means the only cause of accidents. There must be some causes other titan simple human error. Road construction also plays its part. It is on those roads where there are subtle visual traps. Wherever there is a “black spot“, it means that something is seriously wrong with the toad. If
43、 you have been involved in an accident and have stopped, you must give your name, address , arid registration number to anyone who has a good reason for requesting it; this means anyone affected by the accident, If somebody is injured ,the driver must produce his insurance certificate on request, if
44、 these formalities are complied with it is not necessary to wait for the arrival of the police. It is, however, often wise to do so. The police are expert at drawing plans, taking measurements and photographs and gathering other evidence. In your absence the police could be given a biased story agai
45、nst you; and yourself might want to point out certain features of the accident to the police. 26 “A MOMENTS INATFENTION CAUSES ACCIDENT“ is a self-defeating warning because _. （ A） it is not true （ B） it will distract the drivers attention （ C） it is too difficult to understand （ D） it is too long t
46、o be read while driving a car 27 “By no means“ in line 4 means _. （ A） without doubt （ B） hardly not （ C） probably not （ D） in no way 28 “Subtle visual traps“ are _. （ A） place where the police hide in order to trap motorists （ B） parts of the road which are deceptive to the drivers eyes （ C） danger
47、 spots such as sharp comers and cross-roads （ D） places where there are too many road-signs 29 Alter an accident you wait for the police because _. （ A） it is against the law to drive off （ B） they have to examine your papers （ C） somebody may give them a false account of the car （ D） they have to n
48、ote the position of your car 30 Which of the following statements is better when a driver makes an accident? （ A） Hed better stay until the police come. （ B） It is no need for him to wait for the arrival of the police. （ C） He has to finish the formalities. （ D） It is wise to go away without noting
49、anything. 30 Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV. There are similarities, of course, but the cops dont think much of them. The first difference is that a policemans real life revolves round the law. Most of his training is in criminal law, and what is more, he has to apply it oh his feet, in the dark and rain, running down an alley a
