1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 136及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Norms: Types and Acceptance Sociologists find that to understand a culture, it is very important to under
3、stand its norms. . Definition of “Norms“ They are the 1 standards of behaviour maintained by a society. 【 1】 _. . Types of Norms Norms are distinguished in two ways: A. Formal and informal norms Formal norms are generally 2 and involve strict rules for punishment of violators.【 2】_. One example is l
4、aws. Informal norms are generally 3 but are not precisely recorded. 【 3】 _. Standards of proper dress are an example. B. Mores and folkways Mores embody the most valuable 4 of a people and are regarded highly necessary【 4】_. to the welfare of a society. Examples are mores against 5 and treason. 【 5】
5、 _. Folkways govern 6 and the violation cause relatively little concern. 【 6】 _. They are important in shaping peoples daily behaviour. . Acceptance of Norms People in a culture normally follow its norms, hut they are not followed in all situations. A. In some cases, people evade a weakly-enforced n
6、orm. 7 is an example 【 7】 _. B. In some instances norms are violated because one norm 8 with another. 【 8】_. For example, your intervening of your neighbours improper behaviour. C. Any norm has 9 . 【 9】 _. Eaves-dropping and self-defence are examples. D. Acceptance of norms is subjected to 10 . 【 10
7、】 _. Womens role is an example. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the e
8、nd of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 The interview is mainly about _. （ A） economic globalization （ B） legal profession in the context of globalization （ C） legal profession （ D） economic matters in the conte
9、xt of globalization 12 According to the interview, what is the major difference between China and Britain in terms of legal systems? （ A） Different cultural background （ B） Less legislation, more legislation. （ C） Different processes. （ D） Socialist society, capitalist society. 13 According to the i
10、nterview, a global lawyer should possess the following skills except _. （ A） advocacy skills （ B） persuasive skills （ C） facilitating skills （ D） supporting skills 14 According to the passage, which is the best way to cultivate cultural awareness? （ A） One should spend time as much as possible in th
11、e target culture. （ B） One should make more foreign friends. （ C） One should be confident in himself in dealing with cultural matters. （ D） One should communicate well with foreign clients. 15 Chinese law firms, compared with their western counterparts, lack _. （ A） individual talents （ B） teamwork
12、（ C） work related experience （ D） communicative skills SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 How do th
13、e scientists measure the pitch? （ A） According to the movement and vibrations of hot gasses. （ B） The trade winds blow on Earth. （ C） The rivers. （ D） The sound travel through the space. 17 We should _ when we want to glimpse inside the sun. （ A） answer questions about its temperature （ B） translate
14、 the sounds into images （ C） know how gases inside ebb and flow （ D） measure the pitch 18 What did they find out? （ A） An equatorial belt of faster moving material. （ B） The solar sound （ C） A sun orbiting satellite. （ D） An other planter. 19 Which one was not mentioned in the conclusion document is
15、sued by the summit? （ A） The EU would develop a strategic partnership with China （ B） The EU had decided to lift the arms ban later this year. （ C） The EU would try to resolve the trade dispute with China quickly. （ D） The EU promised to intensify dialogue in all areas. 20 According to Asselborn, wh
16、ich would lay down a solid road for the lifting? （ A） The strategic partnership between the EU and China （ B） The dialogue in all areas. （ C） The British effort to strike a deal on the EU code of conduct on arms exports. （ D） The US-EU relationship. 20 I cry easily. I once burst into tears when the
17、curtain came down on the Kirov Ballets “Swan Lake“. I still choke up every time I see a film of Roger Bannister breaking the “impossible“ four-minute mark for the mile. I figure I am moved by witnessing men and women at their best. But they need not be great men and women, doing great things. Take t
18、he night, some years ago, when my wife and I were going to dinner at a friends house in New York city. It was sleeting. As we hurried toward the house, with its welcoming light, I noticed a car pulling out from the curb. Just ahead, another car was waiting to back into the parking space a rare commo
19、dity in crowded Manhattan. But before he could do so another car came up from behind, and sneaked into the spot. “Thats dirty pool.“ I thought. While my wife went ahead into our friends house. I stepped into the street to give the guilty driver a piece of my mind. A man in work clothes rolled down t
20、he window. “Hey,“ I said, “this parking space belongs to that guy,“ I gestured toward the man ahead, who was looking back angrily. I thought I was being a good Samaritan, I guess and I remember that the moment I was feeling pretty manly in my new trench coat. “Mind your own business!“ the driver tol
21、d me. “No,“ I said. “You dont understand. That fellow was waiting to back into this space.“ Things quickly heated up, until finally he leaped out of the car. My God, he was colossal. He grabbed me and bent me back over the hood of his car as if I was a rag doll. The sleet stung my face. I glanced at
22、 the other driver, looking for help, but he gunned his engine and hightailed it out of there. The huge man shook his rock of a fist of me, brushing my lip and cutting the inside of my mouth against my teeth. I tasted blood. I was terrified. He snarled and threatened, and then told me to beat it. Alm
23、ost in a panic, I scrambled to my friends front door. As a former Marine, as a man, I felt utterly humiliated. Seeing that I was shaken, my wife and friends asked me what had happened. All I could bring myself to say was that I had had an argument about a parking space. They had the sensitivity to l
24、et it go at that. I sat stunned. Perhaps haft an hour later, the doorbell rang. My blood ran cold. For some reason I was sure that the bruiser had returned for me. My hostess got up to answer it, but I stopped her. I felt morally bound to answer it myself. I walked down the hallway with dread. Yet I
25、 knew I had to face up to my fear. I opened the door. There he stood, towering. Behind him, the sleet came down harder than ever. “I came back to apologize,“ he said in a low voice. “When I got home, I said to myself, what right I have to do that? Im ashamed of myself. All I can tell you is that the
26、 Brooklyn Navy Yard is closing. Ive worked there for years. And today I got laid off. Im not myself. I hope youll accept my apology.“ I often remember that big man. I think of the effort and courage it took for him to come back to apologize. He was man at last. And I remember that after I closed the
27、 door, my eyes blurred, as I stood in the hallway for a few moments alone. 21 From the passage, we can infer that the author is what kind of person? （ A） Poor. （ B） Sensitive. （ C） Exciting. （ D） Dull. 22 On what occasion is the author likely to be moved? （ A） A young person cheated of the best thin
28、gs in life. （ B） A genius athlete breaks a world record （ C） A little girl suffers from an incurable disease. （ D） When the curtain comes down on a touching play. 23 What does “dirty pool“ at the end of the second paragraph mean? （ A） Improper deeds. （ B） Bribery. （ C） Chicanery. （ D） Dirty transact
29、ion. 24 Why didnt the writers wife and friends ask him what had happened? （ A） They sensed that something terrible happened, they didnt dare to ask. （ B） They were afraid that the writer might lose face if they asked （ C） They d like to let it be for it was not their business. （ D） They tried to cal
30、m the writer in this way. 25 What touched the writer in the end? （ A） The big mans courage to admit his mistake. （ B） The big mans sincerity and confession. （ C） The big mans wretched experience. （ D） The mart at his best. 25 People are moving to cities in droves. In 1950, two-thirds of the worlds p
31、opulation lived in the country side. New York was then the only settlement with more than 10 million people. Today there are 20 such megacities, and more are on their way. Most of these megacities are in developing countries that are struggling to cope with both the speed and the scale of human migr
32、ation. Estimates of the future spread of urbanization are based on the observation that in Europe, and in North and South America, the urban share of the total population has stabilized at 75%- 85%. If the rest of the world follows this path it is expected that in the next decade an extra 100 millio
33、n people will join the cities of Africa, and 340 million the cities of Asia: the equivalent of a new Bangkok every two months. By 2030 nearly two-thirds of the worlds population will be urban. In the long run, that is good news. If countries now industrializing follow the pattern of those that have
34、already done so, their city-dwellers will be both more prosperous and healthier. Man is gregarious species, and the words“ urbane“ and“ civilized“ both derive from the advantages of living in large settlements. History also shows, though, that the transition can be uncomfortable. The slums of Manche
35、ster were, in their time, just as awful as those of Nairobi today. But people moved there for exactly the same reason: however nasty conditions seemed, the opportunities of urban life outstripped those of the countryside. The question is how best to handle the change. If there is one thing that ever
36、ybody agrees on, it is that urbanization is unstoppable. Migrants attempting to escape poverty, and refugees escaping conflict, are piling into cities in what the executive director of UN HABITAT, Anna, Tibailjuka, describes as“ premature urbanization.“ Dr Tibaijuka believes it might be possible to
37、slow the pace of migration from the countryside with policies that enhance security and rural livelihoods. There is room for debate, though, over whether better rural development in any form can seriously slow the pace of urbanization- or even whether such a slowdown would be a good thing. Michael M
38、utter, an urban planning adviser at the British governments Department for International Development (DFID), says that the relevant indicators suggest that in many countries the effective“ carrying capacity“ of rural areas has been reached. As happened in Europe in the 18th century, population growt
39、h and technological improvements to agriculture are creating a surplus population. That surplus has to go some where to earn its living. Indeed, some people go so far so to argue that governments, international donors and aid agencies spend too much on rural development and neglect the cities. Most
40、countries have a rural development policy, but only a few have urban ones. DFID, for example, spends only 5% of its budget directly on urban develop ment. Moreover, these critics point out that, although rural areas often have worse sanitation, illiteracy and homelessness than cities, such figures a
41、re deceptive. Being illiterate, homeless or without access to a flush toilet are far more serious problems in a crowded city than in the countryside. Of the many lessons being learnt from past urban-development failures, one of the most important is that improvements must involve local people in a m
42、eaningful way. Even when it comes to the poorest slum dwellers, some governments and city authorities are realizing that people are their own greatest assets. Slumdwellers International is a collection of “grassroots“ federations of people living in slums. Its idea is simple. Slum-dwellers in a part
43、icular place get together and form a federation to strengthen local savings and credit schemes, and to lobby for greater co-operation with the authorities. Such federations are having a big impact on slum-upgrading schemes around the world. By surveying local needs and acting as voices for slum-dwel
44、lers, these federations have been able to show the authorities that slum-dwellers are not simply a homogenous and anonymous mass of urban poor, but are real people in need of real services. They have also been able to apply pressure for improvements in security of tenure either through temporary gua
45、rantees of residency or, better still, formal ownership. Such secure tenure gives people an incentive to improve their dwellings and is thus the crucial first step to upgrading a slum into a suburb. Over the past six years, South Africas government has been pursuing an active programme of housing im
46、provement. The government quickly realized that, with the poor in the majority, providing social housing for all would be impossible. The minister for housing, Sakie Mthembi-Mahanyele, says the approach that has worked so far has been a combination of government, the private sector and the poor them
47、selves. The poor, says Mrs. Mthembi-Mahanyele, have responsibilities, and the government meets them halfway. Those with an income are expected to contribute some of it to the building of their houses. Those without are asked to contribute“ sweat equity“ by helping to build with their own hands. Sout
48、h Africa has also transferred ownership of more than 380,000 council houses, worth more than 28 billion rand ($2.7 billion) to private individuals. With these houses as collateral for loans, owners have already started to upgrade and improve their properties. There is still a long way to go. An esti
49、mated 2-3 million more houses are needed. She adds that the government is still wrestling with financial institutions to get a better deal for the poor. 26 The passage is mainly concerned with _. （ A） the side effects of urbanization （ B） megacities in developing countries （ C） the causes behind immigration to cities （ D） ways to slow down the pac
