1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 155及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 How to Read Effectively Many students tend to read books without any purpose. They often read a book slow
3、ly and in great detail with the result that they frequently have no【 1】 _ 【 1】 _ view of what they are reading. . To read effectively, students are suggested to do the following: 1) To decide precisely on the【 2】 _ for reading a book. 【 2】_ 2) To decide what they are going to read: a. The【 3】 _ page
4、 should be read first. 【 3】 _ b. The chapter headings are useful in indicating what should be read. c. The Index can help to【 4】 _ the pages related to some information. 【 4】_ 3) To read the opening and final paragraphs so that they could know what a book is mainly about. 4) To ask themselves what i
5、s the main part of their reading and then try to answer the question by making notes, which can help them to concentrate on the reading and provide a(n)【 5】 _ which can be re-read later. 【 5】_ 5) To increase reading speed without loss of【 6】 _. 【 6】 _ . Three main kinds of silent reading speed: 1) t
6、he slowest: study speed for a higher level of understanding; 2) the average speed for easier textbooks, novels, etc.; 3) the fastest:【 7】 _ used to get a general idea of a book or an article. 【 7】_ . The results of a survey of students reading speed conducted by Edward Fry: A good reader achieves 【
7、8】 _ comprehension when he skims at over 800 words 【 8】_ a minute, 70% comprehension at 250-500 words a minute, and 80%-90% comprehension at 200300 words a minute. The average speed of a poor reader is【 9】 _ words a minute with a 【 9】_ comprehension【 10】 _ of 70%. 【 10】 _ 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】
8、 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer
9、each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 What strikes the woman most about the male robber is his_. （ A） clothes （ B） age （ C） physique （ D） appearance 12 The most detailed information about the woman robber is her_. （ A） manners （ B） talkativeness （ C） height （ D） jewel
10、ry 13 The interviewee is believed to be a bank_. （ A） receptionist （ B） manager （ C） customer （ D） cashier 14 Which of the following about the two robbers is NOT true? （ A） Both were wearing dark sweaters. （ B） Neither was wearing glasses. （ C） Both were about the same age. （ D） One of them was mark
11、ed by a scar. 15 After the incident the interviewee sounded_. （ A） calm and quiet （ B） nervous and numb （ C） timid and confused （ D） shocked and angry SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
12、At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 What do you know about the resort Cancun? （ A） There were 13,000 people needed to be moved. （ B） The hurricane came in 1988 killed 300 people. （ C） It is the largest resort in the world. （ D） It never experienced
13、a mass evacuation. 17 Emily will land on the Yucatan _ （ A） early Sunday （ B） early Monday （ C） late Sunday （ D） late Monday 18 How much did Moss lose? （ A） $350,000. （ B） $70,000. （ C） $420,000. （ D） $1.4 million. 19 Who is Johnny Depp? （ A） Mosss fiance. （ B） French actress-singer Vanessa Paradis
14、lover. （ C） Brit artist Jake Chapmans sweetheart. （ D） Paradis wife. 20 Where will Moss intend to stay? （ A） London. （ B） Paris. （ C） The United States. （ D） Japan. 20 Historical developments of the past half century and the invention of modern telecommunication and transportation technologies have
15、created a world economy. Effectively the American economy has died and been replaced by a world economy. In the future there is no such thing as being an American manager. Even someone who spends an entire management career in Kansas City is in international management. He or she will compete with f
16、oreign firms, buy from foreign firms, sell to foreign films, or acquire financing from foreign banks. The globalization of the worlds capital markets that has occurred in the past 10 years will be replicated right across the economy in the next decade. An international perspective has become central
17、 to management. Without it managers are operating in ignorance and cannot understand what is happening to them and their firms. Partly because of globalization and partly because of demography, the work forces of the next century are going to be very different from those of the last century. Most fi
18、rms will be employing more foreign nationals. More likely than not, you and your boss will not be of the same nationality. Demography and changing social mores mean that white males will become a smaller fraction of the work force as women and minorities grow in importance. All of these factors will
19、 require changes in the traditional methods of managing the work force. In addition, the need to produce goods and services at quality levels previously thought impossible to obtain in mass production and the spreading use of participatory management techniques will require a work force with much hi
20、gher levels of education and skills. Production workers must be able to do statistical quality control; production workers must be able to do just in-time inventories. Managers are increasingly shifting from a “dont think, do what you are told“ to a “think, I am not going to tell you what to do“ sty
21、le of management. This shift is occurring not because todays managers are more enlightened than yesterdays managers but because the evidence is rapidly mounting that the second style of management is more productive than the first style of management. But this means that problems of training and mot
22、ivating the work force both become more central and require different modes of behavior. In the world of tomorrow managers cannot be technologically illiterate regardless of their functional tasks within the firm. They dont have to be scientists or engineers inventing new technologies, but they have
23、 to be managers who understand when to bet and when not to bet on new technologies. If they don t understand what is going on and technology effectively becomes a black box, they will fail to make the changes that those who do understand what is going on inside the black box make. They will be loser
24、s, not winners. Todays CEOs are those who solved the central problems facing their companies 20 years ago. Tomorrows CEOs will be those who solve central problems facing their companies today. Sloan hopes to produce a generation of managers who will be solving todays and tomorrows problems and becau
25、se they are successful in doing so they will become tomorrows captains of business. 21 The author suggests that a manager should hold a (an) _ view on management. （ A） economical （ B） geographical （ C） international （ D） financial 22 Speaking of the problems of training and motivating laborers, the
26、author implies that _. （ A） laborers should keep up with the rapid development of modem technology （ B） laborers pay more attention to wages （ C） laborers want to advance themselves （ D） there is a radical change in management style 23 By the first sentence of paragraph 7, the author means that_. （
27、A） managers should master modem technology （ B） managers should have access to technological knowledge （ C） managers should focus on functional tasks （ D） managers should cooperate with technicians 24 The main topic of this passage is _. （ A） the new concept of management （ B） the great shift of man
28、agement style （ C） the qualities of managers for the 21st century （ D） the technique of managers modem management 24 One thing that distinguishes the online world from the real one is that it is very easy to find things. To find a copy of The Economist in print, one has to go to a news-stand, which
29、may or may not carry it. Finding it online, though, is a different proposition. Just go to Google, type in “economist“ and you will be instantly directed to . Though it is difficult to remember now, this was not always the case. Indeed, until Google, now the worlds most popular search engine, came o
30、n to the scene in September 1998, it was not the case at all. As in the physical world, searching online was a hit-or-miss affair. Google was vastly better than anything that had come before: so much better, in fact, that it changed the way many people use the web. Almost overnight, it made the web
31、far more useful, particularly for non- specialist users, many of whom now regard Google as the internet s front door. The recent fuss over Googles stock market flotation obscures its far wider social significance: few technologies, after all, are so influential that their names become used as verbs.
32、 Google began in 1998 as an academic research project by Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page, who were then graduate students at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. It was not the first search engine, of course. Existing search engines were able to scan or “crawl“ a large portion of the web, bui
33、ld an index, and then find pages that matched particular words. But they were less good at presenting those pages, which might number in the hundreds of thousands, in a useful way. Mr Brins and Mr Pages accomplishment was to devise a way to sort the results by determining which pages were likely to
34、be most relevant. They did so using a mathematical recipe, or algorithm, called PageRank. This algorithm is at the heart of Googles success, distinguishing it from all previous search engines and accounting for its apparently magical ability to find the most useful web pages. Untangllng the web Page
35、Rank works by analysing the structure of the web itself. Each of its billions of pages can link to other pages, and can also, in turn, be linked to. Mr Brin and Mr Page reasoned that if a page was linked to many other pages, it was likely to be important. Furthermore, if the pages that linked to a p
36、age were important, then that page was even more likely to be important. There is, of course, an inherent circularity to this formula-the importance of one page depends on the importance of pages that link to it, the importance of wb4ch depends in turn on the importance of pages that link to them. B
37、ut using some mathematical tricks, this circularity can be resolved, and each page can be given a score that reflects its importance. The simplest way to calculate the score for each page is to perform a repeating or “iterative“ calculation (see article). To start with, all pages are given the same
38、score. Then each link from one page to another is counted as a “vote“ for the destination page. Each pages score is recalculated by adding up the contribution from each incoming link, which is simply the score of the linking page divided by the number of outgoing links on that page. (Each pages scor
39、e is thus shared out among the pages it links to.) Once all the scores have been recalculated, the process is repeated using the new scores, until the scores settle down and stop changing (in mathematical jargon, the calculation “converges“). The final scores can then be used to rank search results:
40、 pages that match a particular set of search terms are displayed in order of descending score, so that the page deemed most important appears at the top of the list. 25 We can infer from the lst paragragh that by “hit-or-miss“ it is meant_. （ A） before Google, searching online was impossible （ B） be
41、fore Google, searching online lacked accuracy （ C） before Google, searching online was difficult （ D） Google is easy to use 26 “Though it is difficult to remember now, this was not always the case.“ In the 1st paragragh, this sentence suggests that_. （ A） today Google has become a commonplace way to
42、 find information online （ B） Google made a great contribution to searching online （ C） Google changed a lot （ D） Google is different from other search engines 27 The most important factor in Googles success is _. （ A） its unique mathematical recipe （ B） the popularity of its brand among users （ C）
43、that it was the first search engine in the world （ D） its stock market flotation 28 “But they were less good at presenting those pages, which might number in the hundreds of thousands, in a useful way.“ This sentence in the 3rd paragraph tells us that _. （ A） other search engines are less convenient
44、 in use （ B） Google is the best search engine （ C） there are too many search engine （ D） all the search engines are basically the same 29 Which of the following is NOT true? （ A） Each page can be given a score that reflects its importance. （ B） In the beginning of rating a pages relative importance,
45、 all pages are given the same score. （ C） The importance of one page depends on the importance of pages that link to it, the importance of which depends in turn on the importance of pages that link to them. （ D） One pages score is given totally to another page it links to. 29 The wet volcanic ash th
46、at covered a Maya village in Central America in about AD 595 coated and pre- served everyday objects beans, chilies, rope, gourds, even unwashed dishes - just as they had been left, giving archaeologists a rare chance to learn about the everyday lives of the people of this pre-Columbian village. Exp
47、loration of the site, which is located in El Salvador and has been given the name Joya de Ceren, is now in its eighth season, and archaeologists are continuing to make new finds. The volcanic eruption that entombed Ceren more than 1400 years ago began when lava pushed its way close enough to the sur
48、face to create a great explosion of steam and ash that was centered just north of the village. The archaeologists have not found the remains of any human beings killed by the eruption in Ceren, suggesting that they had enough warning to flee. The eruption buried Ceren in a layer of ash 4 to 6 m (13 to 20 ft) deep over a period of a few days. One of the most striking of the conclusions drawn from the Ceren site is that the people of this ancient village lived more comfortably than average Salvadorans do today. Cerens architecture, crafts, and agriculture were surprisingly sophis
