1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 172及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Environmental scientists observe that it is of great significance to protect wildlife and wild places ff
3、human beings want to survive. We must under- stand the important links between ourselves and the wild plants and animals in our environmental 【 1】 _ system. 【 1】 _ Diseases and insects can develop to destroy some kinds of plants and animals. So a supply of different kinds of plants is needed. The ne
4、w species can be found in the wild or be obtained by Scientists who mix【 2】 _material from different species.【 2】 _ For example, 100 years ago, scientists grew the European vine on【 3】 _from the American 【 3】 _ vine. In this way the European【 4】 _ 【 4】 _ industry was saved. In recent years, scientis
5、ts have expressed concern that coffee trees in Brazil and soybean plants in America come from limited wild species. They are easily attacked by insects, diseases, or severe weather conditions. Scientists are also concerned about the loss of traditional farm animals. For example, almost 115 out of th
6、e original【 5】 _kinds of cattle in 【 5】 _ Europe and the Mediterranean area are endangered. Traditional farm animals can be very valuable, e.g. a rare European sheep, Cornish hen etc. Some scientists say this kind of hen can be mated with other species of chickens to introduce a 【 6】 _ bird for food
7、. 【 6】 _ Wild plants and animals are important to medicine, too. A study shows that about 40 percent of the medicines in U.S. contain drugs from plants, animals, etc. For example, cancer scientists are using a plant to fight a cancer of【 7】 _ 【 7】 _ Wild plants and animals are disappearing at an inc
8、reasing speed, yet there are still success stories. For example, the number of elephants killed 【 8】 _in Africa has decreased dramatically. 【 8】 _ In another case, 400 gorillas survive in a 【 9】 _area in Africa because Rwanda developed【 9】 _ an important business that relies on protecting the gorill
9、as. Another successful program takes the endangered animals from their natural homes to protected zones where they can【 10】 _safely. 【 10】 _ 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Lis
10、ten carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Howard is probably_. （ A） an orchestra conductor （ B） a music
11、fan （ C） a sales manager in a music company （ D） a background music composer 12 Who in the passage hold different opinions about background music? （ A） Howard and Lisa. （ B） Howard and some others. （ C） Bill and Lisa. （ D） Bill and some others. 13 According to Howard, background music_. （ A） can pos
12、sibly give people better feelings and influence their attitudes （ B） increases production by 4.5 percent in factories （ C） is sometimes very boring to the workers （ D） is always faster than any other music 14 Hamburger places usually play fast background music because_. （ A） they think that will mak
13、e the attendants work faster （ B） they believe fast music can make people eat more （ C） time spent on eating is less than before and more customers will be coming in and out to buy hamburgers （ D） hamburgers will become more popular 15 The background music as mentioned in the dialogue is_. （ A） such
14、 music as is played by orchestras in concerts （ B） the music that is played only in restaurants and stores （ C） the music that is comparable with modern pop music （ D） music played in the background to put you in a particular mood SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear ev
15、erything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 According to the statement made by the Yugoslav army press bureau, Yugoslavia will pull out its troops immediately on condition that_
16、. （ A） the degree of the Yugoslav armys involvement in Kosovo is in line with the degree of danger there （ B） the NATO armys activities pose no threat to Yugoslavias neighboring countries and local residents （ C） the “terrorists“ in Kosovo cease their provocative activities and NATO gives up its mil
17、itary threats （ D） NATO deploys troops in neighboring Macedonia 17 The ambassadors of the 19 NATO countries voted yesterday to_. （ A） grant General Wesley Clark the power to authorize NATO military action in January （ B） extend alliance Secretary-General Javier Selanas authority to order air strikes
18、 on Yugoslav targets （ C） extend Richard Holbrookes authority to send a “start message“ to Yugoslav president （ D） grant U.S. and British authority to launch a long and protracted bombing campaign against Yugoslav troops 18 How many people were wounded in the violence erupted in Yabna refugee camp a
19、fter Raed al-Attar was condemned to death? （ A） 17. （ B） 6. （ C） 20. （ D） 25. 19 Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the news? （ A） Jabali told a press conference that Israeli army were responsible for the death of the two teenagers. （ B） An Israeli army spokesman told reporters t
20、hat the two teenagers were sentenced to death by the Palestinian Authority. （ C） Jabali told reporters that the two teenagers were killed by Israeli soldiers when they were protesting at a death sentence handed down by the Israeli government against a local man for slaying an Israeli policeman. （ D）
21、 An Israeli police chief Jabali denied his men were responsible for the death of the two teenagers and instead blamed the Palestinian army. 20 Mohammed Abu Shamallah was sentenced to life in prison for_. （ A） his involvement in the protesting at a death sentence handed down against Attar （ B） his sl
22、aying a Palestinian policeman and being a double agent （ C） his opening fire on rioters protesting at a death sentence handed down against Attar （ D） his involvement in the shooting of a Palestinian policeman 20 How men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language
23、is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be written down. These sounds
24、, whether spoken or written in letters, we call words. The power of words, then, lies in their associations-the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our pas
25、t; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases. Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we
26、call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our spee
27、ch silly and vulgar. 21 The real power of words consists in their_. （ A） properties （ B） characteristics （ C） peculiarity （ D） representative function 22 In expressing their thoughts, great writers are able to_. （ A） confound the readers （ B） move men to tears （ C） move our actions （ D） puzzle our f
28、eelings 22 The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: “store in the refrigerator. “ In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cr
29、eam man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the c
30、ountry. The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed-natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling. What refrigeration did promote was marketing-marketing hardware and electricity, ma
31、rketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price. Consequently, most of the worlds fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unneces
32、sary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house-while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. The fridges effect upon the environment has been evident, whi
33、le its contribution to hu- man happiness has been insignificant. If you dont believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least you will get rid of that terrible hum. 23 Why does the author say that nothing was wasted
34、 before the invention of fridges? （ A） People would not buy more food than was necessary. （ B） Food was delivered to people two or three times a week. （ C） Food was sold fresh and did net get rotten easily. （ D） People had effective ways to preserve their food. 24 Who benefited the least from fridge
35、s according to the author? （ A） Inventors. （ B） Consumers. （ C） Manufacturers. （ D） Travelling salesmen. 24 Why are so many people so afraid of failure? Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure becomes an experience that will lead to growth. We forget that failure is part of
36、the human condition and that, as the family therapist Virginia Satire observes, “every person has the right to fail.“ Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed. One way is to lower standards. A mother describes her child
37、s hastily made table as “Perfect!“ even though it moves unsteadily on uneven legs. An- other way is to shift blame. If John fails science, his teacher is unfair or stupid. When one of my daughters was ten, she decided to raise money for charity by holding a carnival. Proud of her, we hastily allowed
38、 her to put posters all over town. We realized too late that she couldnt possibly handle all the refreshments, shows, and games promised in the posters. The whole family pitched in to prevent embarrassing failure-and the next year she advertised an even more ambitious event. Why not? We had kept her
39、 from discovering her limitations. The trouble with failure-prevention devices is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world. The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything, no one can win all the time-and that its possible to enjoy a game even when you dont win. A
40、child whos not invited to a birthday party, who doesnt make the honor roll of the baseball team, feels terrible, of course. But parents should not offer a quick consolation prize or say, “It doesnt matter, “because it does. The youngster should be allowed to experience disappointment-and then be hel
41、ped to master it. Failure is never pleasurable. It hurts adults and children alike. But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it. Step one is to ask“ Why did I fail? “Resist the natural impulse to blame someone else. Ask yourself what you did wrong, how you can impro
42、ve. If someone else can help, dont be shy about inquiring. When I was a teenager I failed to get a job, Id counted on, I telephoned the interviewer to ask why, “Because you came ten minutes late,“ I was told, “We cant afford employees who waste other peoples time.“ The explanation was reassuring (I
43、hadnt been rejected as a person) and helpful, too, I dont think Ive been late for anything since. Success, which encourages repetition of old behavior, is not nearly as good a teacher as failure. You can learn from a disastrous party how to give a good one, from an ill-chosen first house what to loo
44、k for in a second. Even a failure that seems definitive can prompt fresh thinking, a change of direction. After twelve years of studying ballet (a dance in which a story is told without speech or singing, a friend of mine came to a professional company (for a job). She was turned down, “Would furthe
45、r training help? “ she asked. The ballet master shook his head. “You will never be a dancer,“ he said. “You havent the body for it. In such cases, the way to use failure is to take stock courageously, asking, “What have I left? What else can I do? My friend put away her toe shoes and moved into danc
46、e therapy, a field where shes both competent and useful. Failure frees one to take risks because theres less to lose. Often theres a renewal of energy-an awareness of new possibilities. 25 Which of the following would be the best title for this selection? （ A） Teaching Your Child to Succeed. （ B） Le
47、arning from Failure. （ C） How to Be Successful? （ D） Why We Are So Afraid of Failure. 26 The author implies that failure_. （ A） almost always leads to more failure （ B） provides an opportunity to new experiences （ C） makes us afraid to take risks （ D） hurts children more than adults 26 Water is the
48、oldest form of transport. The original sailing vessels were replaced by steamboats in the early 1800s and by diesel power in the 1920s. A distinction is generally made between deep-water and navigable inland water transport. Domestic commerce centers on the Great Lakes, canals, and navigable rivers. In 1975 water transport accounted for 22.6 per
