1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 227及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Are Families Necessary? As human children are unusually【 1】 for an unusually long time, it s obvious that
3、 every society must provide a domestic context fur the children. The problem is that we assume that the family ought to be the same as the family considered as parents and children. In present day English, “family“ has two meanings: 1. the【 2】 group of parents and children; 2. a【 3】 of relations, fo
4、r example, the set of people who might be expected to turn up at a wedding or a funeral. Despite some modifications over the last century, the wife is still presumed to be very much the【 4】 in a marriage, his normally the wifes career that has to be reshaped to fit the husbands, not the other way ro
5、und. The dependence of children on their mother is exploited in a wholly unreasonable way to make the wife-mother the slave of the household. This is all tied up with the fact that, in our industrial system, job- changing and commuting tends to【 5】 the members of a family, and the harassed wife-moth
6、er finds it more and more difficult to rely on her relations for practical assistance. As【 6】 become more isolated, families of relations become more dispersed. Ideas about the status of women have been【 7】 . But perhaps they are more thoroughly enslaved to their children than before. The point is t
7、hat there doesnt seem to be any solution. There is a genuine【 8】between the fight of the woman to be treated as a free and self-respecting individual, and the fight of the child to demand care and attention. We have created for ourselves three ideals: 1. social equality of men and women; 2.【 9】 of t
8、he marriage; 3. lifelong love and cooperation between parents and children. However, we have created a social system in which its quite impossible for these factors to【 10】 . 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you w
9、ill hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 A suffragette is a person wh
10、o_. （ A） fights against racial discrimination （ B） fights for womens right of voting （ C） participates in a demonstration against government （ D） is against women entering into politics 12 What was the interviewees opinion about suffragettes at that time? （ A） She did not approve of them. （ B） She t
11、hought highly of their action. （ C） She thought their action should be more militant. （ D） She thought their efforts were useless. 13 What does the interviewee think of the fact that women achieve the vote? （ A） She thinks that it is very important for women entering into politics. （ B） She doesnt t
12、hink that it is that important. （ C） She thinks that it happened too easily. （ D） She thinks that it is what they deserve for their efforts. 14 What does the interviewee think of women entering into politics? （ A） She is happy to see that at long last women have achieved their political rights. （ B）
13、 She thinks women should fight for more political rights. （ C） She thinks women could do much better than men in politics. （ D） She doesnt care about women entering into politics. 15 What kind of attitude does the interviewee hold towards men? （ A） She doesnt want to work with them at all. （ B） She
14、doesnt mind joining them in their work. （ C） They can do nothing in helping women in their jobs. （ D） They all have prejudice against women. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end
15、 of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 When did another bomb explode? （ A） On Friday. （ B） A few hours later. （ C） During the meeting. （ D） When the first bomb was found. 17 Former Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi has called on current Prime Minister to_
16、. （ A） debate a non-confidence motion in his government （ B） resign （ C） introduce the no confidence measure （ D） clear the political air 18 He said Mr. Dinis nine-month long government of technocrats_. （ A） had failed to bring economic stability to Italy （ B） called again for early general election
17、s （ C） ruled out resigning before the motion comes to the vote （ D） introduced the no confidence measure 19 The Russian Military says it will_. （ A） derail the shaky peace process （ B） kill 18 government soldiers （ C） retaliate for Chechen rebel ambush （ D） leave the southern area of Vidinor 20 The
18、incident began when Russian armored car collided with _. （ A） a Chechen rebel ambush （ B） Russian soldiers （ C） Russian service men （ D） a civilian vehicle 20 Angered by an excise tax imposed on whiskey in 1791 by the federal government, farmers in the western counties of Pennsylvania engaged in a s
19、eries of attacks on excise agents. The tariff effectively eliminated any profit by the farmers from the sale or barter of an important cash crop. It became the lightning rod for a wide variety of grievances by the settlers of the region against the federal government. While citizens in the east did
20、not find it difficult to abide by the concept that individual states were “subservient to the country,“ people west of the mountains were less accepting of decisions made by the central government. The rebel farmers continued their attacks, rioting in river towns and roughing up tax collectors until
21、 the so-called “insurrection“ flared into the open in July of 1794, when a federal marshal was attacked in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. Almost at the same time several hundred men attacked the residence of the regional inspector, burning his home, barn and several outbuildings. Pittsburgh was als
22、o a scene of disorder by enraged mobs. On August 7, 1794 President Washington issued a proclamation, calling out the militia and ordering the disaffected westerners to return to their homes. Washingtons order mobilized an army of approximately 13,000 (as large as the one that had defeated the Britis
23、h), under the command of General Harry Lee, the then-Governor of Virginia and father of Robert E. Lee. Washington himself, in a show of presidential authority, set out at the head of the troops to suppress the uprising. This was the first use of the Militia Law of 1792, setting a precedent for the u
24、se of the militia to “execute the laws of the union, (and) suppress insurrections,“ asserting the right of the national government to enforce order in one state with troops raised in other states. Even more importantly, it was the first test of power of the new federal government, establishing its p
25、rimacy in disputes with individual states. In the end, a dozen or so men were arrested, sent to Philadelphia to trial and released after pardons by Washington. 21 What does the passage mainly discuss? （ A） Federal versus state powers. （ B） The effects of tariffs. （ C） The whiskey rebellion. （ D） The
26、 Militia Law of 1792. 22 According to the passage, farmers were angry about the tariff because _. （ A） they could no longer barter （ B） excise agents were enforcing it too strongly （ C） they didnt like a lot of things the government did （ D） it prevented any income from an important crop 23 The auth
27、or develops discussion in paragraph 1 by means of_. （ A） describing a process （ B） an historical account （ C） stating an issue and giving examples （ D） explaining a problem 24 How did Washington demonstrate his presidential leadership when an army was organized? （ A） By making it as large as the one
28、 that had defeated the British. （ B） By putting General Lee in charge. （ C） By using the Militia Law. （ D） By being at the front of the troops. 24 In early Colonial America settlers used makeshift shelters, the most primitive of which was the dugout, like a cave dug into the side of a hill, sometime
29、s built up with sod and covered over with poles and bark. Somewhat more ambitious was the palisade hut, or cabin, built of upright poles driven into the ground, woven with wattles, chinked with clay, and roofed with turf or thatch. The “wigwam“ may be derived from the building traditions of local In
30、dians. These were constructed by bending and tying stripped saplings into a vault, interweaving them with twigs, and covering them with bark. The interior might also be insulated with straw. Only the iron cooking pots they had brought with them gave any indication of the advanced technology out of w
31、hich these people had come. Most of the New England settlers came from the rural areas of East Anglia, and the Gothic building forms of that region were transplanted, though modified by local conditions and materials. The framed half-timbered house in America continued a long medieval European tradi
32、tion of carpentry construction. Tile heavy timbers were intricately joined and pegged into a rigid timber interlocking frame. In the beginning, most houses consisted of one room and an attic, with a fireplace on a short wall. Roofs were shingled or thatched and chimneys were made of logs daubed with
33、 clay. This type was long continued in use by poorer inhabitants, new arrivals, and those who pushed on into the wilderness. For the more affluent, the earlier form was soon supplanted by the socalled “classic“ type. It had two stories and an attic, two rooms to a floor, one on either side of a cent
34、ral chimney built of brick. Brick and stone buildings were rare at first in the colonies because of the shortage of lime for mortar. Even when masonry houses began to symbolize status, New England retained throughout the colonial period a preference for its earlier wood tradition. The major English
35、variant from the New England cottage was the plantation house of the southern colonies. The same Gothic traditions prevailed there, but because of the differences in economic and social life and background of these colonists, their architecture tended to imitate the English manor house rather than t
36、he yeomans cottage. Also, these settlers crone from different areas of England, bringing with them a greater variety and preference for brick. 25 The “wigwam“ is mentioned in line 5 as an example of a building form_. （ A） made into a hillside （ B） more ambitious than a dugout （ C） without inside wal
37、ls that might help to insulate （ D） possibly developed from those of the earlier inhabitants 26 It can be inferred from the passage that southern colonists _. （ A） developed their housing style to meet basic needs rather than develop a new community with its own traditions （ B） were more influenced
38、by the English system of social classes than the New England Colonists （ C） had a preference for timber because it helped to clear the land for large plantations （ D） came from the poorer areas of England 27 Which of the following statements about early colonial housing is NOT mentioned in the passa
39、ge? （ A） The plantation house of the southern colonies was based on the wealthier houses in England. （ B） New England continued to prefer timber rather than brick, even when masonry house began to symbolize status. （ C） The English Gothic building traditions influenced the way houses were built in b
40、oth New England and the South. （ D） Brick and stone buildings were most common where the influence of English traditions was the strongest. 27 It is 1 a.m. and the last competitor in the last round of the Santander Piano Competition is still only halfway through Tchaikovskys B flat minor concerto, t
41、he third account we have heard in two days. Three thousand people, shoe-horned into an auditorium created by the transformation of a handsome Spanish plaza into something like Selfridges Christmas grotto, fan themselves frantically under the television lights, as heat and tension rise iii correspond
42、ing leaps. It will be a long night, stretching on until 5:30 a. m. when the judges give their verdict. At 11:30 a.m. the finalists are on duty again, forcing sleep-starved features into brave smiles for the press call. It is a tough routineillustrative, you might think, of the familiar arguments aga
43、inst competitions: the blood-sports mentality, the arbitrary nature of the findings (competitions favor “competition-winners“, not “musicians“) and the effect on the participants lives. Recent history suggests you may be more likely to build an enduring reputation ( beyond the round of official enga
44、gements that usually come with competition prizes ) not by winning but by losing spectacularly and with maximum dissent on the jury, in the way Ivo Pogorolich managed to lose the Chopin competition in Warsaw. That said, competitions areespecially for pianistsmarketplaces in which young performers me
45、et not only their future audience but their future agents and, maybe, record companies. They provide the kick-start with which most high-octane careers are launched. And if the pressures are intense, so are the pressures of the performing world. Music is a fiercely competitive activity. But pause he
46、re for clarification of terms. As Rosalyn Tureck, veteran Bach authority and one of this years jurors at Santander, told me: “Its the career thats competitive, not the art. Never confuse them. I dont put competitions down: they do bring talent forward. But if from the age of eight your whole study i
47、s geared to the sort of repertory thought desirable for competitions (big, impressive, technically virtuosic) you will never develop as an artist. It will limit your horizons at a time when they need widening, and it will give your performance style, the feeling of a quick feed: a rapid injection wi
48、th 25,000 units of Vitamin C that makes an instant impression but isnt ultimately very nourishing.“ With such reservations, why was Dr. Tureck on the Santander jury? Her answer would be that Santander does succeed in making the competition process more purposeful, less damaging and (not least) more
49、humane than most. “The letter of invitation summed it up. It said: These are not the Olympic Games. And thats a big step forward in competition thinking.“ 28 What is the purpose of the description in the first paragraph? （ A） To demonstrate how tough a music competition may be. （ B） To shock the reader. （ C） To persuade the reader that competitions are exciting. （ D） To show how unusual Santander is. 29 Why is lvo Pogorolich mentioned? （ A） As an example of a “competition winner“, rather than a “musi
