1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 298及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Learning a language Linguists are interested in the abilities that people have to learn language and are
3、trying to solve the problem of how to learn a language more easily. Linguists are doing research on this issue in two ways: . understand how children learn to speak and understand【 1】 _language; 【 1】 _ Linguists cannot agree on it for the time being. Group 1: children are born with the【 2】 _to learn
4、 a language; 【 2】 _ Group 2: children learn to use a language from their【 3】 _; 【 3】 _ If we knew how【 4】 _learn their native language, we would have an 【 4】_ easy way to teach adults. . learn how people learn a second language. Two main approaches to teaching adults a foreign language: 1. learn a s
5、econd language the【 5】 _. way children learn native language 【 5】_ -teachers speak only the foreign language in the【 6】 _ 【 6】 _ -【 7】 _the student to as much of the spoken language as possible. 【 7】 _ -not teach rules for【 8】 _ 【 8】 _ 2.【 9】 _method: 【 9】 _ -teach the students the rules of a foreig
6、n language. Many teachers will try【 10】 _ways of teaching to help the students 【 10】_ learn the language quickly and easily. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully an
7、d then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 The interview is mainly about （ A） how to select universities in the UK. （ B）
8、living in the UK for students. （ C） living in the UK for immigrants. （ D） how to find jobs in the UK. 12 According to George Allen, tuition fees mostly depend on （ A） the university students own choices. （ B） the location of the university. （ C） the type of course students take. （ D） the teaching fa
9、cilities of the university. 13 What does George Allen think about food in the UK? （ A） It is boring and uninteresting. （ B） It is very good. （ C） People use too many spices in their cooking. （ D） Local pubs provide cheap food with good quality. 14 Which place has the best nightlife in Britain? （ A）
10、London. （ B） Manchester. （ C） Birmingham. （ D） Southwest of England. 15 People can get information about the UK from all the following EXCEPT （ A） guide books. （ B） Internet. （ C） the British Council. （ D） the university accommodation office. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you
11、will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Most of the thirty-thousand people were_ about Mr. Sarkozys victory. （ A） nervous （ B） worried （ C） optimistic （ D） pessi
12、mistic 17 Mr. Sarkozy won percent of the vote, which gave him a comfortable majority over his opponent. （ A） 35 （ B） 53 （ C） 63 （ D） 51 18 According to the news, many of American greatest military heroes are buried in_. （ A） Kabul （ B） Arlington （ C） Baghdad （ D） Kandahar 19 What is the feature of T
13、ATP? （ A） It is an simple explosive. （ B） It is a military explosive. （ C） It is made in U.S. factories. （ D） It can be easily made indoors. 20 Richard Reid tried to bomb a plane with the bomb_. （ A） provided by terrorists （ B） stolen from the military （ C） made according to the methods shown in Int
14、ernet （ D） made in his lab 20 Campaigning on the Indian frontier is an experience by itself. Neither the landscape nor the people find their counterparts in any other portion of the globe. Valley walls rise steeply five or six thousand feet on every side. The columns crawl through a maze of giant co
15、rridors down which fierce snow-fed torrents foam under skies of brass. Amid these scenes of savage brilliancy there dwells a race whose qualities seem to harmonize with their environment. Except at harvest-time, when self-preservation requires a temporary truce, the Pathan tribes are always engaged
16、in private or public war. Every man is a warrior, a politician and a theologian. Every large house is a real feudal fortress made, it is true, only of sun-baked clay, but with battlements, turrets, loopholes, drawbridges, etc. complete. Every village has its defence. Every family cultivates its vend
17、etta; every clan, its feud. The numerous tribes and combinations of tribes all have their accounts to settle with one another. Nothing is ever forgotten, and very few debts are left unpaid. For the purposes of social life, in addition to the convention about harvest-time, a most elaborate code of ho
18、nour has been established and is on the whole faithfully observed. A man who knew it and observed it faultlessly might pass unarmed from one end of the frontier to another. The slightest technical slip would, however, be fatal. The life of the Pathan is thus full of interest; and his valleys, nouris
19、hed alike by endless sunshine and abundant water, are fertile enough to yield with little labour the modest material requirements of a sparse population. Into this happy world the nineteenth century brought two new facts: the rifle and the British Government. The first was an enormous luxury and ble
20、ssing; the second, an unmitigated nuisance. The convenience of the rifle was nowhere more appreciated than in the Indian highlands. A weapon which would kill with accuracy at fifteen hundred yards opened a whole new vista of delights to every family or clan which could acquire it. One could actually
21、 remain in ones own house and fire at ones neighbour nearly a mile away. One could lie in wait on some high crag, and at hitherto unheard-of ranges hit a horseman far below. Even villages could fire at each other without the trouble of going far from home. Fabulous prices were therefore offered for
22、these glorious products of science. Rifle-thieves scoured all India to reinforce the efforts of the honest smuggler. A steady flow of the coveted weapons spread its genial influence throughout the frontier, and the respect which the Pathan tribesmen entertained for Christian civilization was vastly
23、enhanced, The action of the British Government on the other hand was entirely unsatisfactory. The great organizing, advancing, absorbing power to the southward seemed to be little better than a monstrous spoil-sport. If the Pathan made forays into the plains, not only were they driven hack (which af
24、ter all was no more than fair), but a whole series of subsequent interferences took place, followed at intervals by expeditions which toiled laboriously through the valleys, scolding the tribesmen and exacting fines for any damage which they had done. No one would have minded these expeditions if th
25、ey had simply come, had a fight and then gone away again. In many cases this was their practice under what was called the “butcher and bolt policy“ to which the Government of India long adhered. But towards the end of the nineteenth century these intruders began to make roads through many of the val
26、leys, and in particular the great road to Chitral. They sought to ensure the safety of these roads by threats, by forts and by subsidies. There was no objection to the last method so far as it went. But the whole of this tendency to road-making was regarded by the Pathans with profound distaste. All
27、 along the road people were expected to keep quiet, not to shoot one another, and above all not to shoot at travellers along the road. It was too much to ask, and a whole series of quarrels took their origin from this source. 21 The word debts in “very few debts are left unpaid“ in the first paragra
28、ph means_. （ A） loans （ B） accounts （ C） killings （ D） bargains 22 Which of the following is NOT one of the geographical facts about the Indian frontier? （ A） Melting snows. （ B） Stretch of deserts. （ C） Steep hillsides. （ D） Fertile valleys. 23 According to the passage, the Pathans welcomed_. （ A）
29、the introduction of the rifle （ B） the Spread of British rule （ C） the extension of luxuries （ D） the spread of trade 24 Building roads by the British_. （ A） put an end to a whole series of quarrels （ B） prevented the Pathans from earning on feuds （ C） lessened the subsidies paid to the Pathans （ D）
30、 gave the Pathans a much quieter life 25 A suitable title for the passage would be_. （ A） Campaigning on the Indian frontier （ B） Why the Pathans resented the British rule （ C） The popularity of rifles among the Pathans （ D） The Pathans at war 25 “The US economy is rapidly deteriorating,“ says Mr. G
31、rannis. “The odds of a recession are now very high, perhaps by the end of the year.“ There are already some signs that important pillars are weakening. Consumer confidence has fallen for the past two months. The housing sector, which has been buoyant, is starting to sink. Corporate profits are falli
32、ng. Some analysts are especially concerned over the sharp fall of commodity prices. They believe it represents the threat of deflation, it could cause a global slowdown. “The Fed will have to act forcefully to arrest the deflationary forces,“ says Robert Lamorte, chairman of Behavioral Economics, a
33、consulting firm in San Diego. But others counter that the central bank doesnt need to intervene. They argue the Fed should wait to see real data before acting. “The fundamentals are better than the stock market reflects“, says Peter Kretzmer, an economist at Nations-Banc Montgomery Security. Indeed,
34、 President Clinton tried to do his part to calm the market during his trip to Moscow, citing the strong job market and balanced budget. “We believe our fundamental economic policy is sound,“ he said. His comments echoed statements by Peter Rubin in Washington. Some numbers do continue to reflect a s
35、trong economy. On Sep. 1, the Conference Board released its index of leading indicators. The index rose 0.4 percent, prompting the business organization to predict that the nations output should increase at a moderate pace for the rest of 1998. The group sees little risk of recession in the near ter
36、m. But what has changed is the global economy. Japan and the rest of Asia are in recession. The woes are spreading to Latin America. “Im now convinced we are going to have a global economic recession, says Sung Won Sohn, chief economist at Norwest Corp, a Minneapolis-based bank. But, he added, its n
37、ot certain the US will slide into a period of negative growth. He rates the risk of recession at only 10 to 15 percent. “We will be responding to the world economic situation rather than leading it “he says. Still, Fed watchers dont think the central bank will act to try to save the world. “Its inco
38、nceivable the Fed could make much difference in Asia, Russia, or Latin America,“ says Lyle Gramley, a former Fed governor. After the last stock market crash, in 1987, the Federal Reserve acted quickly to provide liquidity to the markets and to lower interest rates. But the economy is in better shape
39、 this time. The banking sector is stronger and the financial markets have been able to. respond to the enormous trading volume. “It is not the Feds job to manage the stock market,“ says Mr. Kretzmer. But the Fed will keep a close watch on Wall Street. If the market were to shave another 1,500 points
40、 off the Dow by the end of September, “then the Fed would think about lowering interest rates,“ says Mr. Gramley. In his view, the Feds main concern will be the impact of a sliding market on consumer confidence. Since 40 percent of the nation has investments in the stock market, any prolonged slide
41、might make individuals feel less wealthy. They would cut back on vacations and “splurge“ purchases. He expects the central bank to watch the next consumer confidence surveys and housing statistics closely. 26 What did President Clinton try to do during his trip to Moscow? （ A） To pacify the market.
42、（ B） To make a speech on American economy. （ C） To intervene. （ D） To cooperate with Russia to pursue sustainable development. 27 What is the Feds main concern according to Mr. Gramley? （ A） To provide liquidity to the market. （ B） To keep a close watch on Wall Street. （ C） To observe the influence
43、of a sliding market on consumer confidence and give a timely response. （ D） To prevent the stock market from sliding too much. 28 Which of the following is the most appropriate title for this passage? （ A） Threat of Deflation in US. （ B） Economic Situation in US. （ C） Why US Economy is slowing down.
44、 （ D） The Sign of Recession in US Economy. 28 In an intact plant community, undisturbed by human intervention, the composition of a community is mainly a function of the climate and the type of soil. Today, such original communities are very rarethey are practically limited to national parks and res
45、ervations. Civilization has progressively transformed the conditions determining the composition of plant communities. For several thousand years vast areas of arable land have been hoed, ploughed, harrowed and grassland has been cut or grazed. During the last decades the use of chemical substances,
46、 such as fertilizers and most recently of weed killers (herbicides) has greatly influenced the composition of weed communities in farm land. All selective herbicides have specific ranges of activity. They control the most important weeds but not all the plants of a community. The latter profit from
47、the new free space and from the fertilizer as much as the crop does; hence they often spread rapidly and become weeds unless another herbicide for their eradication is found. The soil contains enormous quantities of seeds of numerous specieup to half a million per square meters according to scientif
48、ic literaturethat retain their ability to germinate for decades. Thus it may occur that weeds that were hardly noticed before emerge in masses after the elimination of their competitors. Hence, the knowledge of the composition of weed communities before selective weed killers are applied is not only
49、 of scientific interest since the plant species present in the soil in the form of seeds must be considered as potential weeds. For efficient control the identification of weeds at the seedling stage, i.e. at a time when they can still be controlled, is particularly necessary; for the choice of the appropriate herbicide depends on the composition of the weed community. 29 The composition of a plant community_. （
