1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 315及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Our Greatest Possession Man is called in Greek the Zoon phonanta which means the【 1】 _. What 【 1】 _ makes
3、 humanity different from the rest of the animal world is its capacity for【 2】 _ 【 2】_ a system of sound signals. Human beings tend to use speech not for conveying messages or expressing feelings but merely for establishing and sustaining【 3】 _ 【 3】 _ The【 4】 _of language is essentially a part of the
4、 modernization of language. 【 4】 _ Modern English is grammatically much simpler than its ancestor Anglo-Saxon, and Italian and Spanish are much simpler than their mother【 5】 _ 【 5】 _ All of us say things we never said before, and without much【 6】 _effort; we 【 6】 _ are always inventing new things to
5、 say. That is file great human talent, which is based on a very simple peculiarity of the human brain-its capacity to think in【 7】 _. Man 【 7】 _ is able to separate specific sounds and oppose one to another. Although we are quite【 8】 _of the origins of human language, we know that 【 8】 _ when langua
6、ge first appeared, it was already fully【 9】 _. The system of symbols 【 9】_ of the outside world was the【 10】 _to the creation of inside worlds. Language is (10)_ our greatest possession. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this s
7、ection you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to Dr.
8、 Neil, in what way is family life different now? （ A） Parents are not as good as they used to be. （ B） More people are getting remarried after divorce. （ C） There are more one-parent or single-parent families. （ D） More people approve of mothers going out to work. 12 Which of the following is NOT me
9、ntioned as substitute parents? （ A） Group leaders. （ B） Television. （ C） Baby-sitters. （ D） Play groups. 13 According to the interview, all of the following are the roles of primary teachers EXCEPT （ A） helping children to acquire good habits. （ B） reinforcing what the parents are doing. （ C） starti
10、ng children reading and writing. （ D） informing children of different messages. 14 According to Dr. Neil, what is the most noticeable effect of smaller families? （ A） There is less mixing of ages in smaller families. （ B） Children can get more affection from their parents. （ C） Children can live in
11、a more loving environment. （ D） Children are able to enjoy better living condition. 15 According to the interview, Dr. Nells attitude toward substitute parents is that （ A） substitutes can take the responsibilities of parents. （ B） its acceptable to let substitutes look after children. （ C） perhaps
12、substitutes can play a better role than parents. （ D） parents should be cautious to choose substitutes. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given
13、 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 The shootings unfolded in the morning over 2 hours in _. （ A） 1 location （ B） 2 separate locations （ C） 3 separate locations （ D） 4 separate locations 17 According to the news, when did America s first encounter with a campus massacre occur? （ A） In 1956. （ B）
14、 In 1966. （ C） In 1999. （ D） In2006. 18 Gates suggested an increase of 10% yearly in U.S. funding for research for_. （ A） the next 5 years （ B） the next 7 years （ C） the next 11 years （ D） the next 17 years 19 Why are 14 teams of experts from the Federal Emergency Management Agency evaluating the da
15、mage? （ A） To find out the lost people and animals. （ B） To criticize the authority s poor response. （ C） To assess the federal assistance needed. （ D） To make clear the investment in agriculture. 20 Hurricane Katrina m August of 2005 killed more than 1,800 people_. （ A） in Georgia （ B） in New York
16、（ C） along the Nile （ D） along the Gulf Coast 20 The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, unalloyed, unslanted, objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts. This is the most important assignme
17、nt confronting American journalism - to make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing (with the possible exception of such scribbling as society and club news) as “local“ news, bec
18、ause any event in the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft, in economic strain, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life. There is in journalism a widespread view that when you embark on interpretation, you are entering choppy and dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion
19、. This is nonsense. The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall confine themselves to the “facts“. This insistence raises two questions: what are the facts? And: are the bare facts enough? As to the first query, consider how a so-called “factual“ story comes about. Th
20、e reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out of these fifty, his space allotment being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten, which he considers most important. This is Judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the lead of the piece. This is impo
21、rtant decision because many readers do not proceed beyond the first paragraph. This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large impact, or on page twenty-four, where it has little. Judgment Number Three. Thus, in t
22、he presentation of a so-called “factual“ or “objective“ story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporter and editor, calling upon their general background, and their “news neutralism“, arrive at a conclusion as
23、 to the significance of the news. The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, axe both objective rather than subjective processes - as objective, that is, as any human being can be. (Note in passing: even though complete objectivity can never be achieved, nevertheless
24、 the ideal must always be the beacon on the murky news channels.) If an editor is intent on slanting the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the selection of those facts that prop up his particular plea. Or he can do it by the pay he gives a
25、story - promoting it to page one or demoting it to page thirty. 21 Readers expect all of the following from newspapers EXCEPT _. （ A） how to interpret news （ B） what news mean （ C） local news （ D） international news 22 It can be inferred from the passage that _. （ A） news of local areas will no long
26、er be reported （ B） interpretation of news always involves editors bias （ C） American journalism is in lack of objectivity （ D） there is a higher requirement for the content of news today 23 What can be inferred about the opponents of interpretation? （ A） They have a higher requirement for the objec
27、tivity of news than supporters do. （ B） They have a narrow understanding of what facts mean. （ C） They doubt that news can be factual. （ D） They dont believe in the validity of interpreted news. 24 In what way are presentation and interpretation of news alike? （ A） They are both subjective. （ B） The
28、y are both difficult to do. （ C） They both involve judgments by reporters and editors. （ D） They both help keep the objectivity of news. 25 The passage is mainly about _. （ A） how to select news （ B） how to interpret news （ C） requirements for news interpretation （ D） objectivity of news interpretat
29、ion 25 Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establis
30、hes a new principle of organization. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences. Differences between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from differ
31、ences in their goals. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. Such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are releg
32、ated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. The goal of highly creative art is very different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeares Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of
33、political power, nor is Picassos painting Guernica primarily a prepositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism. What highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. Aesthetic pa
34、rticulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rather than transcend that form. This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes establishes a new principle of organization in the history of an artistic field: the
35、composer Monteverdi, who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical
36、 works, such as the operas of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, Mozarts The Marriage of Figaro is surely among the masterpieces of music, even though its modest innov
37、ations are confined to extending existing means. It has been said of Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention. But a close study of his compositions reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist w
38、ho exploited limits of the rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bach in strikingly original ways. 26 Which of the following is NOT a feature of scientific creativity? （ A） Exceeding limits of forms and conventions. （ B） Relating diver
39、se phenomena to one another. （ C） Forming a new generalization. （ D） Discovering a new particular. 27 Which of the following questions might the passage be able to answer? （ A） Does artistic creativity mean transcending limits? （ B） What is the main feature of Picassos painting Guernia? （ C） Why is
40、Mozarts The Marriage of Figaro considered as one of the musical masterpieces? （ D） Who besides Monteverdi wrote music to embody new principles of organization? 28 What can be inferred about the authors attitude towards the idea that all highly creative artistic activity transcends limits? （ A） Obvio
41、usly indifferent. （ B） Deeply skeptical. （ C） Strongly supportive. （ D） Greatly amused. 29 Why does the author mention the Florentine Camerata and The Marriage of Figaro? （ A） Because they are both among the musical masterpieces. （ B） Because they both illustrate great innovation. （ C） Because they
42、are both representatives of artistic creativity. （ D） Because they are both strategic Use of fundamental roles. 30 Whats the main topic of the passage? （ A） Differences between scientific and artistic creativity. （ B） Limits in artistic creation. （ C） Highly creative artists. （ D） Generalization in
43、creative activity. 30 The trade and investment relationship between the European Union and the United States is the most important in the world. Despite the emergence of competitors, Europe and America are the dynamo of the global economy. This economic relationship is a foundation of our political
44、partnership, which we all know has been through a difficult patch. The identity of interest between Europe and America is less obvious than during the cold war. But while the trans-Atlantic relationship is becoming more complex, that does not make it less important. As European commissioner for trad
45、e, I do not agree that European and American values are fundamentally diverging, or that our interests no longer coincide. We still share a belief in democracy and individual freedoms, and in creating opportunity and economic openness. We face the same security challenges. We look ahead to shared gl
46、obal problems: poverty, migration, resource crises, climate change. We need commitment and vision to redefine our relationship. I want to see a stronger and more balanced partnership - one in which Europe is more united, more willing to take its role in global leadership and one where the United Sta
47、tes is more inclined to share leadership with Europe. We need to find ways to complement each other, not compete in the political arena. We will not achieve either side of this equation without the other. Europe needs to build stronger foreign policies and to be ready to act on the world stage. But
48、equally, the body language we see from America has a huge impact on how Europeans view the partnership. Our common interest requires a strong Europe, not a weak and divided one. I hope that the United States will reinforce its historical support for European integration. I am fortunate now to take o
49、ver an area of policy in which Europe is highly effective: trade. Our top trade priority on both sides of the Atlantic must be to put our weight behind the multilateral Doha development agenda. Concluding this negotiation in a way that lives up to its ambition will bring enormous benefits. Collectively, we took a major step in reaching the framework agreement in Geneva last July, following the lead taken by the E. U. on agricultur
