1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 387及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Daydreaming . Daydreaming can be harmful because it was considered as A. a waste of time B. a【 1】 of neur
3、otic tendencies C. evidence of【 2】 or an escape from life realities and responsibilities when it occurs【 3】 . However, daydreaming can be beneficialA. it is an effective technique of【 4】 B. it contributes to intellectual growth powers of concentration the ability to【 5】 with othersC. it improves sel
4、f-control ability and enhances【 6】ability D. it improves a persons ability to be better adapted to practical, immediate concerns solve everyday problems be more readily with new ideas E. Historically, many successful people got their best ideas while relaxing and daydreaming. . How to make a positiv
5、e daydreaming? A.【 7】 yourself as vividly as possibleB. create an environment free from【 8】 . General remarksA. Suggestion; Put aside a few minutes daily, taking short【 9】 B. Conclusion: Daydreaming, this【 10】 investment, highly benefit youphysical and mental well-bein SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions
6、: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Simon
7、 Fanshawe presents different peoples opinions on British manners because （ A） he wants to let the audience know how people think of manners （ B） he proves that the issue of manners is a question of individual taste （ C） he thinks how people think of social manners should be diversified （ D） he hopes
8、 to bring the attention of the audience to the public opinion 12 According to Simon, what is the truth concerning numerous rules of dos and donts? （ A） They indicate class and status. （ B） They are trip-wires for everybody. （ C） They should be known by all. （ D） They are complicated and dull. 13 Acc
9、ording to Simon, which of the following is NOT the purpose in keeping table manners? （ A） To share food. （ B） To reduce violence. （ C） To bring about comfort. （ D） To show off cultivation. 14 According to Simon, what is the influence of bad manners on people? （ A） People do not feel a big deal. （ B）
10、 People feel rather humiliated. （ C） People feel shocked and hurt. （ D） People feel angry and exasperate 15 According to Simon, when anybody is to stay in any other culture, he should do the following EXCEPT_. （ A） make clear all the detailed customs （ B） be curious and asking questions （ C） remembe
11、r the fundamentals （ D） seek ways to defuse conflict SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Whats happe
12、ning? （ A） A revolutionary NASA jet was destroyed in its first flight. （ B） A booster rocket veered out of control and tumbled to the ground. （ C） A booster rocket was destroyed after it fulfilled the task. （ D） A revolutionary NASA jet was destroyed after many flights. 17 Whats the commission of th
13、e X - 43A prototype? （ A） To revolutionize research and develop speed. （ B） To revolutionize travel and shatter speed records. （ C） To revolutionize flight and explore outer space. （ D） To revolutionize exploration and increase experienc 18 Wahid wanted to fire _. （ A） a cabinet member （ B） the nati
14、onal police chief （ C） a lawmaker （ D） a Muslim scholar 19 Some senior legislators accused Wahid of _. （ A） violating the congress by embazzlement （ B） violating the constitution by hiring the chief without consulting congress （ C） violating the congress by firing the chief without consulting lawmak
15、ers （ D） violating the constitution by firing the chief without consulting parliament 20 When did Wahid claim to fire Bimantoro? （ A） On Friday. （ B） On Saturday. （ C） On Thursday. （ D） On Wednesday. 20 The FDA may rescind its approval of Avastin, a colon-cancer drug. If the summer of 2009 was the s
16、eason of “death panels,“ as the debate over health-care reform exploded, this is the season of “17.5k dead women a year. “ Thats the body count scaremongers are predicting if the Food and Drug Administration rescinds its provisional approval of the drug Avastin for metastatic breast cancer, a decisi
17、on expected by years end. Although the move has nothing to do with the new health-care law, uncertainty about “Obama-care“ has given opponents an opening to terrify people about whats cominglike bureaucrats rationing health care to save money. The reality is far different and, for those who care mor
18、e about helping cancer patients than about scoring political points, much sadder. Thats because in 2008, when the FDA gave “fast track“ approval for Avastin in breast cancer that has metastasizedusually to the lungs, bones, liver, or brainit was conditional on the manufacturer, Genentech, running ad
19、ditional clinical trials of the drugs safety and efficacy. There was good reason for that. Avastin is an angiogenesis inhibitor, a class of cancer drugs that have not lived up to their hype: although they stop one mechanism by which malignant cells grow blood vessels to sustain them, the cells often
20、 activate a different mechanism and go on proliferating. Although Avastin does extend the lives of patients with metastatic colorectal and kidney cancer, and remains FDA-approved for those uses, the new studies show it does not work the same miracle against metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Instead, A
21、vastin increased whats called progression-free survival (how long before cancer spreads or grows) by about one to three weeks, depending on which chemo agent it was paired with. But it did not keep women alive any longer than chemo alone. To some advocates, progression-free survival without an incre
22、ase in overall survival is still welcome, since it suggests patients have a better quality of life during their last months. But its hard to make that case for Avastin. Not only did it not keep women alive, but it also caused hypertension, hemorrhaging, bowel perforations, and other side effects. “I
23、t seems as if the drugs toxicity cancels out any benefit,“ cancer surgeon David Gorski of the Karmanos Cancer Institute told me. Perforated bowels do not equal a better quality of life. These dismal results are what led an FDA panel to vote 121 in July to rescind the conditional approval of Avastin
24、for MBC. Critics of health-care reform, predictably, saw nefarious motivesin particular, evidence that Obamacare will ration expensive drugs. (Avastin costs some $88,000 a year, though few patients live that long. ) The Wall Street Journal editorialized about the “Avastin mugging,“ and Sen. David Vi
25、tter accused the FDA of “assigning a value to a day of a persons life. “ If Avastin did extend lives for, lets say, $10,000 a day, Vitter might have a case. But it doesnt extend life at all. That makes allegations like the 17,500 dead women (from a right-wing blog) “utter demagoguery of the most vil
26、e and despicable sort,“ Gorski wrote on the blog Science-Based Medicine. There are stories galore of women with metastatic breast cancer who are alive “because of Avastin. “ Indeed, patients have been flooding the airwaves and blogosphere with claims that Avastin helped them. But the only way to tel
27、l whether Avastin deserves the credit for keeping patients alive is through large studies. “There are always patients who live longer than average,“ biostatistician Donald Berry of the MD? Anderson Cancer Center told me. “They attribute it to the treatment; people love to make attributions. “ But wh
28、en the proportion of patients alive at any given time in a study is the same whether they are receiving Avastin or notas the two large trials foundthen crediting Avastin is “very likely wrong. “ That some women did live longer on Avastin, Berry explained, “may simply reflect the natural heterogeneit
29、y of the disease and say nothing about the therapy. “ Doctors can keep prescribing Avastin for metastatic breast cancer off-label, though insurers will not pay for it. Some activists welcome that. There is “no evidence of clinical benefit from Avastin, yet there is harm,“ says Fran Visco, president
30、of the National Breast Cancer Coalition. “We need to demand more of treatment before we unleash it on the public. “ Science-based medicine isnt always pretty. But its better than politics-based medicine, which is what some critics of the Avastin decision are practicingand much better than deluding o
31、urselves into thinking something works when it doesnt. 21 What does “scaremonger“ mean in the second paragraph? （ A） A prophet who can predict what will happen in the future. （ B） A person who spreads frightening rumors and stirs up trouble. （ C） A scientist who is specialized in medicine. （ D） A so
32、ciologist who is concerned about social issues. 22 Which of the following is NOT the benefit of Avastin? （ A） It can help malignant cells grow blood vessels to sustain them. （ B） It can extend the lives of patients with metastatic colorectal and kidney cancer. （ C） It can extend the lives of patient
33、s with breast cancer. （ D） It can help patients have a better quality of life during their last months. 23 Why may the FDA rescind its approval of Avastin? （ A） Because it may cause breast cancer to metastasize to other organs （ B） Because it did not keep women alive. （ C） Because it may cause side
34、effects. （ D） Because its toxicity outweighs its benefits. 24 Opponents criticize FDAs rescinding its approval of Avastin because_. （ A） Avastin is too expensive （ B） they think Obama will ration health care to save money （ C） few women benefit from the use of Avastin （ D） Avastin is effective in de
35、aling with cancers 25 The best title of the passage is_. （ A） Its not about rationing （ B） Why the FDA may reverse course on Avastin （ C） A value to a day of a persons life （ D） Avastin, a controversial medicine 25 I have a plan that will raise wages, lower prices, increase the nations stock of scie
36、ntists and engineers, and maybe even create the next Google. Better yet, this plan wont cost the government a dime. In fact, it will save a lot of money. But few politicians are going to want to touch it. Heres the plan: More immigration. A pathway to legal status for undocumented immigrants. And a
37、recognition that immigration policy is economic policy, and needs to be thought of as such. See what I meant about politicians not liking it? Economists will tell you that immigrants raise wages for the average native-born worker. Theyll tell you that they make things cheaper for us to buy here, and
38、 that if we didnt have immigrants for some of these jobs, the jobs would move to other countries. Theyll tell you that we should allow for much more highly skilled immigration, because thats about as close to a free lunch as youre likely to find. Theyll tell you that the people who should most want
39、a path to legal status for undocumented immigrants are the low-income workers who are most opposed to such plans. And about all this, the economists are right. There are also noneconomic considerations, of course. Integrating cultures and nationalities is difficult. Undocumented immigrants raise iss
40、ues of law and fairness. Border security is important. Those questions are important. Theyre just not the subject of this column. The mistake we make when thinking about the effect immigrants have on our wages, says Giovanni Peri, an economist at the University of California at Davis who has studied
41、 the issue extensively, is we imagine an economy where the number of jobs is fixed. Then, if one immigrant comes in, he takes one of those jobs or forces a worker to accept a lower wage. But thats not how our economy works. With more laborparticularly more labor of different kindsthe economy grows l
42、arger. It produces more stuff. There are more workers buying things and that increases the total number of jobs. We understand perfectly well that Europe is in trouble because its low birth rates mean fewer workers and that means less economic growth. We ourselves worry that were not graduating enou
43、gh scientists and engineers. But the economy doesnt care if it gets workers through birth rates or green cards. In fact, theres a sense in which green cards are superior. Economists separate new workers into two categories: Those who “substitute“ for existing laborwere both construction workers, and
44、 the boss can easily swap you out for me; and those who “complement“ existing laboryoure a construction engineer and Im a construction worker. Immigrants, more so than U.S.-born workers, tend to be in the second category, as the jobs you want to give to someone who doesnt speak English very well and
45、 doesnt have many skills are different from the jobs you give to people who are fluent and have more skills. But thats only half of their benefit. “Living standards are a function of two things,“ says Michael Greenstone, director of the Hamilton Project, which is hosting a Washington conference on t
46、he economics of immigration next week. “Theyre a function of our wages and the prices of the goods we purchase. “ And immigrants reduce the prices of those goods. Patricia Cortes, an economist at the University of Chicagos Booth School of Business, found that immigrants lowered the prices in “immigr
47、ant-intensive industries“ like housekeeping and gardening by about 10 percent. So our wages go up and the prices of the things we want to buy go down. We should remember, though, that the average worker isnt every worker. A study by Harvard economists George Borjas and Lawrence Katz found that altho
48、ugh immigrants raised native wages overall, they slightly hurt the 8 percent of workers without a high-school education and those with a college education. A subsequent study by Peri looked harder at the ways immigrant labor differed from native labor and found that all groups of workers saw a benef
49、it from immigrantsthough unskilled workers saw less of a benefit than highly skilled workers. And unskilled workers face even tougher competition from undocumented immigrants who, because their status is so tenuous, will accept pay beneath the minimum wage. And they are unlikely to complain about safety regulations or work conditions. That takes unskilled immigrants from being a bit cheaper than unskilled natives and makes them a lot cheaperwhich makes employers likelier to hire t
