1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 388 及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture
2、. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Computer Crime . Introduction Current situation: the increase in number and type of computer crime . Fea
3、tures of computer criminals A. relatively honest B. gender【 1】 _ 1. most being males 2. females being accomplices C. aged between 14 and【 2】 _ D. bright, eager, highly motivated, adventuresome E.【 3】 _profiles: ranging from young teens to eiders, from black to white, from short to tall . Definitions
4、 of computer crimechanging over【 4】 _A. once defined as a form of white-collar crime committed inside a computer systemB. a federal crime defined as hacking into credit and other data bases protected by federal【 5】 _statutesC. unauthorized access to computers to obtain money, goods or services or cl
5、assified information .【 6】 _of computer crimeA. swindling or stealing of moneye.g. The Well Fargo Bank discovered an employee using the bank computer to embezzle $ 21.3 million.B. credit card【 7】 _e.g. A computer hacker gained illegal access to a credit data base and applied for credit cards to issu
6、e money from ATMs.C.【 8】 _of computer timee.g. Excessive computer game time in business means stealing of work time. . Protection【 9】 _ hardware identification 【 10】 _software disconnecting critical bank applications proper internal controls SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will h
7、ear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Why did Mr. Green have a terrible
8、 fuel bill last winter? （ A） Because his wife overheated the house. （ B） Because his mother overheated the house. （ C） Because his wifes mother overheated the house. （ D） Because he overheated the hous 12 In fact, people will feel very comfortable if the temperature in winter is （ A） 70 （ B） 80 （ C）
9、 75 （ D） 65 13 Whats the most popular heating system according to the engineer? （ A） Every room has a heater. （ B） The Central room has a heater. （ C） A heat chamber heats air and passes the warm air through ducts and openings into rooms. （ D） The rooms are installed with blowers or convection. 14 W
10、hats the shortcoming of the small individual air conditioners? （ A） Its too cold for people to adapt themselves to the temperature. （ B） The temperature of the rooms is uncomfortable. （ C） The temperature of the rooms is quite uneven. （ D） Its difficult to install them in the rooms. 15 Its important
11、 to have vapor seals on the warm side to _. （ A） avoid gas when the air cools （ B） avoid mist when the air cools （ C） avoid rapor when the air cools （ D） avoid moisture when the air cools SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and th
12、en answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 What is the main idea of the news item? （ A） India will market its low-cost computers abroad. （ B） India has developed a type of computer that sells at a very low price. （ C） T
13、he devices in the computer were engineered by Taiwan. （ D） India decides to have its computers manufactured in Taiwan. 17 Why is the Irans Supreme Leader urging his countrymen to work harder? （ A） Because Iran suffered from more severe economic sanctions from the U.S. and U.N. （ B） Because the Irani
14、an government was planning to stop selling oil to the U.S. （ C） Because the Iranian government already stopped selling oil in euros. （ D） Because the European Union already approved of a new package of sanctions. 18 Which of following is NOT mentioned in terms of imposing economic sanctions on Iran?
15、 （ A） The U.S. （ B） The U.N. （ C） The European Union. （ D） NATO. 19 Which of the following is CORRECT? （ A） Health authorities claimed the new swine flu already became fully pandemic. （ B） Personal hygiene is effective and essential to defend against swine flu. （ C） Both Hong Kong and Australia have
16、 confirmed cases of swine flu. （ D） The Japanese government has already stepped up surveillance at borders. 20 Personal hygiene enhancers include the following EXCEPT_. （ A） washing hands with soap and water （ B） using alcohol-based hand cleaners （ C） wearing masks whenever possible （ D） washing han
17、ds regularly 20 After so many years of studying English, you may still get confused like you first come here just because of the slang the students use! Now let us see how “street talk“ and “regional talk“ are. Street talk is a way to categorize many “hip“ words used on the street. There is a playfu
18、lness about street talk. What about the word “hip? “ You might have thought that this was derived from “hippie“ -a follower of social fashion in the 1960s and 70s. But no, it comes from a much older usage, the word “hep“. The word “hip“ is marked as “out-of-date slang“. But it seems to have come bac
19、k into fashion. Other bits of old-fashioned slang are also popular here, such as “cool“. The expression “thats cool“ is often used to agree to a suggestion. The problem with slang and trendy expressions in general is that they change fast, so that only those who are using them all the time can keep
20、up. A great deal of slang used by students comes from television and films, especially from “catch phrases“ that are used by characters in TV programmes or films. A “catchphrase“ is a phrase that a particular character repeats. If you live here among students, go out to the cinema, watch similar pro
21、grames and listen to popular music, you might find yourself using slang without even thinking. If you meet students from outside London and the south-east, you may notice that local people sometimes dont use textbook English. Traditional dialects are dying out here. But there are still many regional
22、 variations in the way English is used. One example is the way people address each other. If you are in Newcastle, you might hear people ( particularly women) refer to each other as “hinny“-a common term of endearment. “Hinny“ refers to the “sterile hybrid offspring of a male horse and female donkey
23、,“ but that is not what they mean when they call you “hinny“ in Newcastle! Probably, the word theyre using is the local form of “honey“. Other parts have their own endearments. If someone in Glasgow calls you“ hen“ or someone in Nottingham adds “duck“ to the end of what they say, they re being frien
24、dly, not rude. Younger people tend to use these terms less. And these phrases are only the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the rich regional variations found in informal speech here today. So after you think you ve got the hang of slang, do you dare use it yourself? Take care ! Most informal and
25、 colloquial usage marks you as coming from a particular social background-to a native speaking thing. Since English is not your first language, people may find it odd if you use slang. But you should spare time for chatting with, and learning from native - speakers and try to understand different us
26、ages. As you gain experience, you 11 learn which phrases are safe to use. But make sure you don t use them in the wrong place. Stick with official English whenever in doubt! 21 The author is a _. （ A） travel guide （ B） language professor （ C） school supervisor （ D） talkshow host 22 What does the wor
27、d “hip“ mean in this passage? （ A） It is derived from “hippie“. （ B） It means following the social fashion in the 1960s and 1970s. （ C） It comes from a more recent useage. （ D） It means“ out - of - date slang“. 23 The problem with slang and trendy expressions is _. （ A） that they are out - of - date
28、 （ B） that they are difficult （ C） that they change fast （ D） that they mean nonsense 24 What does“ hinny“ mean in Newcastle? （ A） The sterile hybrid of a horse and a donkey. （ B） A common term of cursing. （ C） The local form of “hello“. （ D） A usual way of affection. 25 The author asks learners _.
29、（ A） to never use slang （ B） to understand what these slang words mean （ C） to take time to use slang often （ D） to stick with official English 25 A team of international researchers has found new evidence that an endangered subspecies of chimpanzee is the source of the virus that causes acquired im
30、mune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans. Experts said the finding could lead to new treatments for AIDS and contribute to the development of a vaccine against the disease. The research team said the chimp - a subspecies known as Pan troglodytes troglodytes native to west central Africa - carries a
31、 simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) that is closely related to three strains of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV), the virus that causes AIDS. One of these strains, HIV - 1, has caused the vast majority of the estimated 30 million HIV infections around the world. The researchers are uncertain whe
32、n the chimp virus, called SIVcpz (for simian immunodeficiency virus chimpanzee), first infected humans, although the oldest documented case of HIV has been linked to a Bantu man who died in Central Africa in 1959. But they said the virus, which does not appear to harm the chimps, was most likely tra
33、nsmitted to humans when hunters were exposed to chimp blood while killing and butchering the animals for food. Once transmitted to humans, the researchers believe the virus mutated into HIV -1. Team leader Beatrice Hahn, an AIDS researcher at the University of Alabama in Birmingham, said the chimps
34、have probably carried the virus for hundreds of thousands of years. Since humans have likely hunted the animals since prehistoric times, Hahn said the virus may have jumped to humans on many occasions, but was not trans, nined widely among humans until the 20th century Increased hunting of the chimp
35、anzees, along with human migration to African cities and changing sexual mores, could help explain the recent epidemixc, Hahn said. Scientists had long suspected that a nonhuman primate was the source of HIV - 1. Earlier studies suggested that the sooty mangabey monkey, a native of West Africa, was
36、the likely source of HIV - 2 - a rarer torm of the AIDS virus that is transmitted less easily than HIV - 1. However, only a few samples of SIV strains exist, making it difficult for researehers to confidently connect the strains to HIV - 1. As part of their effort to discover the source of HIV - 1,
37、the research team studied the four known samples of SIVcpz. They learned that three of the four samples came from chimps belonging to the subspecies P.t. troglodytes. The remaining sample came from another subspecies, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, which inhabits East Africa. The team then compared
38、 the SIVcpz strains to each other and found that all three of the viruses from P. t. troglodytes were closely related, while the virus from P.t. schweinfurthii was genetically different. Next they compared the SIVepz strains to the main subgroups of HIV - 1, known as M, N, and O. Their comparisons s
39、howed that the P.t. troglodytes viruses strongly resembled “all three HIV -1 subgroups. Additional evidence that HIV - 1 could be linked to P. t. troglodytes came when the researchers examined the chimps natural habitat. The researchers quickly discovered that the chimps live primarily in the West A
40、frican nations of Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, and Republic of the Congo the geographic region where HIV - 1 was first identified. Upon closer study, the researchers learned that the chimps were being killed in growing numbers for the so - called bush meat trade, a t
41、rend assisted by the construction of new logging roads in once remote forests. The researchers said that continued hunting of the animals meant that many people are still likely to be exposed to SIVepz, increasing the risk of additional cross - species transmissions. Many AIDS researchers welcomed t
42、he teams finding, but said the new work had not proved the connection definitively. Most of the doubts centered on the difficulty of drawing conclusions from such a small number of SIVepz samples. Because so few samples exist - all drawn from chimps in captivity - researchers do not know how prevale
43、nt the virus is among wild chimps, or how the virus is transmitted. Doubts are likely to persist until the course of the virus is studied in chimps in the wild. Some health experts said the finding could have far- reaching implications for combating AIDS. Because SIVepz does not cause the chimps to
44、become ill, researchers believe that the animals disease - fighting immune systems may have developed a defense against the virus. Since chimps are 98 percent genetically similar to humans, learning more about the chimps immune systems could shed light on new ways to prevent and treat AIDS in humans
45、. Discovering how the chimps immune system controls the virus, for example, could help researchers develop a vaccine that generates a similar immune -system response in humans. Other experts noted that even if the finding does not help in the fight against AIDS, it provides strong evidence that dang
46、erous viruses can be transmitted to humans from wild animals, in some cases, the viruses may be harmless to the host animals, but cause sickness and death when transmitted to humans. As people increasingly venture into remote animal habitats, some scientists believe there is a growing risk of new hu
47、man exposures to previously unknown disease- causing microbes. In the meantime, widespread slaughter of the chimps could make further study of P. t. troglodytes difficult. The wild chimp population, which exceeded 1 million animals in the early 20th century, is now believed to number fewer than 100,
48、000. “We cannot afford to lose these animals, either from the animals conservation point of view or a medical investigation standpoint,“ said Hahn. “It is quite possible that the chimpanzee, which has served as the source of HIV - 1, also holds the clues to its successful control. “ 26 The significa
49、nce of the finding is that _. （ A） people now know the number of chimpanzees is much smaller than expected （ B） it may make it possible for scientists to discover new ways of treating AIDS （ C） it proves some deadly human diseases can also be transmitted to wild animals （ D） it Will soon help the scientists develop a vaccine that prevents the AIDS virus 27 According to Hahn, all the following increase the transmission of AIDS virus EXCEPT _. （ A） hu
