1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 403及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 The Art of Listening I. In the last lecture, Communication competence: 1) personal motivation 2) communic
3、ation knowledge 3)(1)_ (1)_ II. In todays lecture, the Art of Listening Listening delivers benefits: (2)_. (2)_ to attract others to like their company. effective in their jobs Good Listening Skills: 1)(3)_. (3)_ Be attentive Be impartial (4)_. (4)_ Summarize 2) Nonverbal Message (5)_ (5)_. Equal po
4、sitioning Facial expression (6)_. (6)_ 3) Express Thoughts and Feelings (7)_. (7)_ Speak clearly 4) Communicate Without Being (8)_ (8)_ (9)_non-judgmentally (9)_ Use “I“ messages. Poor Listening Skills: A poor listener, May be abrupt Will be easily distracted. Constantly interrupts, Changes the subj
5、ect Looks at (10)_ (10)_ SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the followin
6、g five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 What were the things in Britain that Dr. Mathew found most strange when he first arrived? （ A） Drivers in Britain always broke the traffic rules. （ B） Foot passengers did not look before they crossed the road. （ C） People in Britain drive on the othe
7、r side of the road. （ D） It is dangerous to cross the road in Britain. 12 What is the main reason that someone said Britain and the United States are divided by a common language? （ A） British English and America English use different words and expressions to refer to the same thing. （ B） Britain an
8、d America are different in many aspects, though they speak the same language. （ C） British people and American people like different foods. （ D） Britain and America are separated by the Atlantic Ocean. 13 What word do British people use to refer to “potato chips“? （ A） chips （ B） crisps （ C） French
9、fries （ D） fries 14 The reasons why Dr. Mathew says younger people in Britain are radical do NOT include_. （ A） younger people in Britain dress different from those in America （ B） many young men in Britain wear earrings in one of their ears （ C） most younger people in Britain have more political aw
10、areness than those in America （ D） many young men in Britain are fans of Madonna 15 According to Dr. Mathew, what is the main reason that many young people in Britain know a lot about America? （ A） Because American policies are good examples to follow. （ B） Because British polices have no effect on
11、Americans. （ C） Because they have good chance to travel a lot. （ D） Because they can know a lot from reading newspapers. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item,
12、you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Which of the following statements is TRUE? （ A） Ala Kartar is in fact the town named Markondo in the novel “One Hundred Years of Solitude“. （ B） The government of Ala Kartar has decided to change its name to commemorate Gabriel Gacia Marquez.
13、（ C） Some supernatural events have taken place in the town of Ala Kartar. （ D） Macondo is located in a banana growing area in the novel. 17 It is_ that took the initiative in the merger? （ A） Arcelor （ B） Mittal Steel （ C） Luxemburg （ D） WTO 18 Katharine Jefferts Schori called on the people to conce
14、ntrate on_. （ A） inequity （ B） woman election （ C） religious problems （ D） gay problems 19 Which of the following information about Warren Buffett is correct? （ A） He has been giving 1.5 billion dollars to charity each year. （ B） He will give presents to a foundation in commemoration of his late wif
15、e every year. （ C） He has talked about his plan with Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. （ D） His children will succeed him as the chief executive of the Berkshire Hathaway Corporation. 20 The Gates Fundation has set aside millions of dollars to develop educational technology_. （ A） in developing cou
16、ntries （ B） in developed countries （ C） in the United States （ D） in North America 20 In 1896 a Georgia couple suing for damages in the accidental death of their two year old was told that since the child had made no real economic contribution to the family, there was no liability for damages. In co
17、ntrast, less than a century later, in 1979, the parents of a three year old sued in New York for accidental-death damages and won an award of $750,000. The transformation in social values implicit in juxtaposing these two incidents is the subject of Viyiana Zelizers excellent book, Pricing the Price
18、less Child. During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the “useful“ child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present-day notion of the “useless“ child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to, its parents, is yet considered emoti
19、onally “priceless.“ Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800s, this new view of childhood spread throughout society in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child-labor regulations and compulsory education laws predicated in
20、part on the assumption that a childs emotional value made child labor taboo. For Zelizer the origins of this transformation were many and complex. The gradual erosion of childrens productive value in a maturing industrial economy, the decline in birth and death rates, especially in child mortality,
21、and the development of the companionate family (a family in which members were united by explicit bonds of love rather than duty) were all factors critical in changing the assessment of childrens worth. Yet “expulsion of children from the cash nexus, .although clearly shaped by profound changes in t
22、he economic, occupational, and family structures,“ Zelizer maintains, “was also part of a cultural process of sacralization of childrens lives.“ Protecting children from the crass business world became enormously important for late-nineteenth-century middle-class Americans, she suggests; this sacral
23、ization was a way of resisting what they perceived as the relentless corruption of human values by the marketplace. In stressing the cultural determinants of a childs worth, Zelizer takes issue with practitioners of the new “sociological economics,“ who have analyzed such traditionally sociological
24、topics as crime, marriage, education, and health solely in terms of their economic determinants. Allowing only a small role for cultural forces in the form of individual “preferences,“ these sociologists tend to view all human behavior as directed primarily by the principle of maximizing economic ga
25、in. Zelizer is highly critical of this approach, and emphasizes instead the opposite phenomenon: the power of social values to transform price. As children became more valuable in emotional terms, she argues, their “exchange“ or “surrender“ value on the market, that is, the conversion of their intan
26、gible worth into cash terms, became much greater. 21 It can be inferred from the passage that accidental-death damage awards in America during the nineteenth century tended to be based principally on the_. （ A） earnings of the person at time of death （ B） wealth of the party causing the death （ C） d
27、egree of guilt of the party causing the death （ D） amount of suffering endured by the family of the person killed 22 It can be inferred from the passage that in the early 1800s children were generally regarded by their families as individuals who_. （ A） needed enormous amounts of security and affect
28、ion （ B） required constant supervision while working （ C） were important to the economic well-being of a family （ D） were financial burdens assumed for the good of society 23 Which of the following alternative explanations of the change in the cash value of children would most likely come from socio
29、logical economists? （ A） Parents began to increase their emotional investment in the upbringing of their children. （ B） Childrens expected earnings over the course of a lifetime increased greatly. （ C） Compulsory education laws reduced the supply, and thus raised the costs, of available child labor.
30、 （ D） Changes in the law made available of indemnity for damages in accidental-death cases. 24 Which of the following statements of American families in 19th century can be inferred from the passage? （ A） Family members became more economically dependent on each other. （ B） The percentage of familie
31、s involved in industrial work declined dramatically. （ C） Family members became more emotionally bonded to one another. （ D） Family members spent an increasing amount of time working with each other. 25 Zelizer refers to all of the following as important influences in changing the assessment of chil
32、drens worth EXCEPT changes in_. （ A） the nature of industry （ B） the nature of the family （ C） attitudes toward reform movements （ D） attitudes toward the marketplace 25 Replying to our Christmas “good guru guide“, Peter Drucker, the grand old man of management theory, speculated that the word “guru
33、“ had become popular only because “charlatan“ was too long a word for most headlines. Few people are easier to ridicule than management gums. Irrepressible self-publicists and slavish fashion-merchants, they make a splendid living out of recycling other peoples ideas (“chaos management“), coining eu
34、phemisms (“downsizing“) and laboring the obvious (“managing by wandering around“ or the customer is king“). Their books draw heavily on particular case studies often out-of-date ones that have nasty knack of collapsing later. And their ideas change quickly. Tom Peters, once a self-confessed sycophan
35、t to the corporate behemoth is now an apostle of the small, chaotic, “virtual“ organization. Gurus do have their uses, however. Begin with the circumstantial evidence. In America, where management theories are treated with undue reverence, business is bouncing back. In Germany, where business school
36、s hardly exist and management theory is widely seen as an oxymoron, many companies are in trouble. German business magazines are suddenly brimming with articles about “downsizing“ and “business process re-engineering“ In Japan firms are once again turning to business theories from America just as th
37、eir fathers learnt after the Second World War from American quality-control techniques. Coincidence does not prove causation: American firms were just as much in love with gurus when they were doing badly. But the fact that Germans and Japanese are paying attention again does offer some clues. The m
38、ost important point in favor of management theories is that they are on the side of change. In 1927 a group of psychologists studying productivity at Western Electrics Hawthorne factory in Illinois found that workers increased their output whenever the level of lighting was changed, up or down. At t
39、he very least, theorists can make change easier by identifying problems, acting as scapegoats for managers or simply making people think. A vested interest in change can lead to faddism. But, taken with a requisite dose of scepticism, it can be fine complacency-shaker. A second argument for gurus re
40、lates to knowledge. The best management theorists collect a lot of information about what makes firms successful. This varies from the highly technical, such as how to discount future cash flow, to softer organizational theories. Few would dispute the usefulness of the first. It is in the second are
41、a the land of “flat hierarchies“ and “multi-functional teams“ that gurus have most often stumbled against or contradicted each other. This knowledge is not obviously providing a strategic recipe for success: there are too many variables in business, and if all competitors used the same recipe it wou
42、ld automatically cease to work. But it does provide something managers want: information about, and understanding of, other companies experience in trying out tactics thinner management structures, handing power to workers, performance-related pay, or whatever. A good analogy may be with diets. Ther
43、e is no such thing as the “correct“ diet, but it is clear that some foods, in some quantities, arc better for you than others: and it is also likely that the main virtue of following a diet is not what you eat but the fact that it forces you to think about it. If management diets come with a lot of
44、hype and some snake-oil, so be it. 26 Which of the following is the most suitable in meaning for the word “guru“ in the passage? （ A） philosopher （ B） company boss （ C） worker （ D） management theorist 27 The second paragraph seems to suggest that Germans_. （ A） have no business schools （ B） never di
45、scuss management theory （ C） are beginning to realize the importance of management theory （ D） refuse to accept American values 28 The 1927 study case described in the second paragraph is used to_. （ A） illustrate the usefulness of management theorists （ B） demonstrate the efficiency of management t
46、heorists （ C） show the important role of psychologists （ D） reveal the flexibility of the workers 29 Which of the following titles is the most appropriate for the passage? （ A） In Defense of the Guru （ B） A Sharp Word for the Guru （ C） The Weakness of the Guru （ D） Gurus a Guarantee for Success 29 I
47、t is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighborhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is
48、considered the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters. “My dear Mr. Bennet,“ said his lady to him one day, “have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?“ Mr. Bennet replied that he had not. “But it is,“ returned she; “for Mrs. Long has just been here, and she told me all a
49、bout it.“ Mr. Bennet made no answer. “Do you not want to know who has taken it?“ cried his wife impatiently. “You want to tell me, and I have no objection to hearing it.“ This was invitation enough. “Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England; that he came down on Monday in a chaise and four4 to see the place, and wa
