1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 527及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Good Writing Educators in English-speaking countries have developed a set of basic characteristics of goo
3、d English writing unity, (1)_, emphasis, development and clarity. Here, a different set of concepts are introduced: 1. Good writing is good thinking: It should be (2)_.having something insightful to say about the topic. It is not simply (3)_. It may 1) enlighten you or (4)_the subject; 2) make you f
4、eel something similar; 3) make you feel exactly (5)_. 2. Good writing Involves thoughtful (6)_: It is the result of 99% of hard work and 1 % of inspiration. 3. Good writing is directed toward an audience; The audience determines 1) diction and sentence structure; 2) the sentence length and patterns;
5、 3) the overall (7)_; 4) details that should be included. 4. Good writing achieves a clear (8)_: 5. Good writing expresses ideas clearly: It reflects good thinking, which should be put into precise, (9) _, and lucid articles. For non-native speakers of English, clear expre ssion involves being (10)_
6、. SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now l
7、isten to the interview. 11 Howard is probably_. （ A） an orchestra conductor （ B） a music fan （ C） a sales manager in a music company （ D） a background music composer 12 Who in the passage hold different opinions about background music? （ A） Howard and Lisa. （ B） Howard and some others. （ C） Bill and
8、 Lisa. （ D） Bill and some others. 13 According to Howard, background music_. （ A） can possibly give people better feelings and influence their attitudes （ B） increases production by 4.5 percent in factories （ C） is sometimes very boring to the workers （ D） is always faster than any other music 14 Ha
9、mburger places usually play fast background music because_. （ A） they think that will make the attendants work faster （ B） they believe fast music can make people eat more （ C） time spent on eating is less than before and more customers will be coming in and out to buy hamburgers （ D） hamburgers wil
10、l become more popular 15 The background music as mentioned in the dialogue is_. （ A） such music as is played by orchestras in concerts （ B） the music that is played only in restaurants and stores （ C） the music that is comparable with modern pop music （ D） music played in the background to put you i
11、n a particular mood SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 President Mohammad Abbas has been given the
12、authority to bypass parliament because _. （ A） Fatah Party intended to irritate the militant group Hamas. （ B） Fatah Party wanted to strengthen the legislative power. （ C） Fatah Party was defeated in the Palestinian election. （ D） Fatah Party suffered a stunning defeat in the constitutional court. 1
13、6 For the first time in decades, researchers are reporting a significant drop worldwide in the number of women dying each year from pregnancy and childbirth, to about 342,900 in 2008 from 526,300 in 1980. The findings, published in the medical journal The Lancet, challenge the prevailing view of mat
14、ernal mortality as an intractable problem that has defied every effort to solve it. “The overall message, for the first time in a generation, is one of persistent and welcome progress,“ the journals editor, Dr. Richard Horton, wrote in a comment accompanying the article, published online on Monday.
15、The study cited a number of reasons for the improvement: lower pregnancy rates in some countries; higher income, which improves nutrition and access to health care; more education for women; and the increasing availability of “skilled attendants“people with some medical trainingto help women give bi
16、rth. Improvements in large countries like India and China helped to drive down the overall death rates. But some advocates for womens health tried to pressure The Lancet into delaying publication of the new findings, fearing that good news would detract from the urgency of their cause, Dr. Horton sa
17、id in a telephone interview. “I think this is one of those instances when science and advocacy can conflict,“ he said. Dr. Horton said the advocates, whom he declined to name, wanted the new information held and released only after certain meetings about maternal and child health had already taken p
18、lace. He said the meetings included one at the United Nations this week, and another to be held in Washington in June, where advocates hope to win support for more foreign aid for maternal health from Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton. Other meetings of concern to the advocates are the Pacif
19、ic Health Summit in June, and the United Nations General Assembly meeting in December. “People who have spent many years committed to the issue of maternal health were understandably worried that these figures could divert attention from an issue that they care passionately about,“ Dr. Horton said.
20、“But my feeling is that they are misguided in their view that this would be damaging. My view is that actually these numbers help their cause, not hinder it. “ He said the new study was based on more and better data, and more sophisticated statistical methods than were used in a previous analysis by
21、 a different research team that estimated more deaths, 535,900 in 2005. The authors of the earlier analysis, published in The Lancet, in 2007, included researchers from Unicef, Harvard, the World Bank, the World Health Organization and the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health. The World Health Orga
22、nization still reports about half a million maternal deaths a year, but is expected to issue new statistics of its own this year. The new report comes from the University of Washington and the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, and was paid for by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
23、 A spokesman for Unicef said it had no comment on the new findings, and there was no response to messages that were left late Tuesday for W. H. O. officials. Dr. Christopher J. L. Murray, the director of the institute for health metrics and evaluation at the University of Washington, in Seattle, and
24、 an author of the study, said, “There has been a perception of no progress. “ But, he said, “some of the policies and programs pursued may be having an effect. “ “It really is an important positive finding for global health,“ he said. Dr. Murray said no one had approached him directly about delaying
25、 the release of his findings; he heard about those efforts from The Lancet, and described them as “disappointing“. He said, “We believe in the process of peer-reviewed science, and its the proper way to pursue these sorts of studies. “ 17 The most suitable substitute for “defied“ in Paragraph 2 is_.
26、 （ A） resisted （ B） eluded （ C） challenged （ D） denied 18 Which of the following is NOT the reason for the significant drop worldwide in the number of women dying each year from pregnancy and childbirth? （ A） There are lower pregnancy rates now in some developed countries. （ B） Health care is now mo
27、re accessible to most women. （ C） There are more skilled attendants with some medical training to help women give birth. （ D） Large countries like India and China are not included in the study. 19 Why did some advocates for womens health try to pressure The Lancet into delaying publication of the ne
28、w findings? （ A） Because there actually has been no progress. （ B） Because they are not quite sure about the figures. （ C） Because they fear that these figures will steer public attention away from the issue. （ D） Because they fear that these figures will damage their cause. 20 Which of the followin
29、g is NOT Dr. Hortons point of view? （ A） Sometimes science and advocacy conflict each other. （ B） The figures will not hinder women health advocates cause. （ C） The current study is more trustworthy and sophisticated. （ D） The current study has important positive findings for global health. 21 The w
30、riting style of the author is_. （ A） humorous （ B） indifferent （ C） plain （ D） evasive 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 22 Which of the following is NOT true of Irelands climate? （ A）
31、It is dry. （ B） It is moist. （ C） It is mild. （ D） It is changeable. 23 The beginning capital of the U.S. is in_. （ A） Philadelphia （ B） New York （ C） Washington （ D） Boston 24 Which one of the four is NOT correct? （ A） English-speaking countries are UK, USA, Canada, Barbados, etc. （ B） English-spea
32、king countries are UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, etc. （ C） English-speaking countries are USA, Canada, Australia, the Republic of Ireland, etc. （ D） English-speaking countries USA, Canada, Australia, Egypt, etc. 25 Which of the following is NOT Earnest Hemingways work? （ A） The Sun Also Rises.
33、 （ B） A Farewell to Arms. （ C） For Whom the Bell Tolls. （ D） Tender Is the Night. 26 The new words such as “police officer“, “chairperson“ are created because_. （ A） science and technology are developing rapidly （ B） computer and internet technology are more and more popular （ C） women have taken up
34、 activities formerly reserved for men （ D） the children can remember them as quickly as possible 27 Which of the following does NOT belong to the Great Comedies of Shakespeare? （ A） A Midsummer Nights Dream. （ B） The Merchant of Venice. （ C） As You Like It. （ D） The Winters Tale. 28 The sameness or
35、close similarity of meaning refers to （ A） polysemy. （ B） homonymy. （ C） antonymy. （ D） synonymy. 29 The minimal phonological unit is _. （ A） phoneme （ B） morpheme （ C） root （ D） syllable 30 The head of government of Canada is represented by （ A） the Queen. （ B） the Prime Minister. （ C） the Governor
36、 General. （ D） the Cabinet Minister. 31 New Zealand is in _, halfway between the equator and the South Pole. （ A） the Southern Pacific Ocean （ B） the Northern Pacific Ocean （ C） the Atlantic Ocean （ D） the Indian Ocean 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING unity, coherence, emphasis, development and clarity. Whil
37、e these good old values are still relevant, todays discussion of good writing focuses on a different set of concepts. Ill define good writing using different terms; good writing is good thinking; good writing involves thoughtful revision; good writing is directed toward an audience; good writing ach
38、ieves a clear purpose; good writing expresses ideas clearly. Firstly, good writing is good thinking. Good thinking leads to good writing, and muddy thinking can only result in muddy writing. As simple as that. Writing is a thinking process; it is not making a big deal out of nothing. (2) Good writin
39、g should be substantive, really having things to say. Not only having things to say, but also having insightful things to say about the topic. This concept is particularly important for you non-native speakers of English. You may tend to be overly concerned with being correct in grammar, spelling an
40、d mechanics. While good writing is expected to be free from grammatical and other errors, it is worth repeating here that (3) good writing is not good grammar or vice versa. At the advanced level, you should be much more concerned with higher and more important issues of writing in English. If you w
41、ere excited at all by a piece of writing, most likely, it was for one or a combination of the following reasons; 1) because (4) it enlightens you or sheds light on the subject: 2) because you have felt something similar but in a rather vague and superficial way; 3) because (5) you have felt exactly
42、the same. but have never been able to express yourself in such an effective and elegant manner. Secondly, good writing involves thoughtful revision. Although there are geniuses who are such inspired writers that they can produce great writings at the spur of the moment without having to revise as mu
43、ch as one word, such geniuses are few and far between. For the overwhelming majority of writers, good writing is ninety-nine percent hard work and one percent inspiration. Experienced writers subject their writings to numerous revisions before feeling satisfied. Lu Xun.the greatest modern Chinese wr
44、iter, for example, talks about pacing pensively in the study for days searching for the right word. Thirdly, good writing is directed toward an audience. Notice the use of the word “ audience“ here: it usually refers to viewers and listeners, but now its reference has expanded to include readers, to
45、o, particularly in discussions of writing. You should remember that what is appropriate for one kind of audience may not be appropriate for another. (7-2) The intended audience determines your choice of words, your sentence length and patterns, the overall tone, the details that would be included in
46、 your writing, etc. Fourthly, (8) good writing achieves a clear purpose. Good writing must achieve your intended purpose. If you want to write about how to make Jiaozi, your reader, after reading your writing, should get everything he or she needs to know about how to make Jiaozi, from the necessary
47、 ingredients to step by step instructions. If your purpose is to convey the sublime and soul-awakening beauty of the morning sun bursting out of the horizon in the misty Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province, you should describe it in such a way that your readers should be able to visualize the scene
48、ry. If you want to propose that China adopt a legal drinking age, you should make it clear to the Peoples Congress why such a law is necessary, what it should be, how to implement such a law, and so forth. Last but not least, good writing expresses ideas clearly. (9) Good writing reflects good think
49、ing, and good thinking needs to be put in precise, concise, and lucid prose. An important task for revision is to trim all the deadwood, pruning all the redundancies, wordiness, and confusing and misleading ambiguities. (10) For non-native speakers, to express yourself clearly often involves making your writing more idiomatic, reducing the level of negative interference of your native language and to bring your writing closer to English-speaking readers. Only
