1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 53及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Introduction to the Sports Studies Department This mini-lecture given by the Sports Studies Department on
3、the Universitys Open Day introduces freshmen to the major fields of study at the department. Two Purposes of the Lecture: Familiarize listeners with【 1】 【 1】 _. Supply some information about the Sports Studies Department Three Strands to Sports Studies Sports psychology Sports psychologists study th
4、e【 2】 involved in sports events. 【 2】 _. Sports psychologists have become as important as the【 3】 to a team. 【 3】 _. They encourage athletes to perform better. They help athletes to【 4】 【 4】 _. Sports Management It is closely related with sports marketing. Sports management: focusing on the【 5】 of s
5、ports bodies. 【 5】 _. Sports marketing: studying the market forces behind sport. Peoples attitude towards sports has changed. In the past, people viewed sports just as sports. Now, people seek【 6】 in sports. 【 6】 _. 【 7】 【 7】 _. It is sometimes called【 8】 . 【 8】 _. There are two types of research in
6、terests: Macro level: focusing on overall influence of sports on【 9】 【 9】 _. Micro level: studying changes in the【 10】 of human 【 10】 _. body in sports activity. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear ever
7、ything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 From the conversation we get the impressi
8、on that _. （ A） Jassie and Pauline are classmates （ B） Jassie is an overseas student from America （ C） Pauline and Jassie are talking about a picture （ D） They are having American geography 12 What has Jassie already known about White House? （ A） White House is on the south side of Pennsylvania Ave.
9、 ,Washingten,D.C.,facing Lafayette Square. （ B） The east and west terraces, the executive office, the east wing, and a penthouse and a bomb shetter are added to the main building. （ C） It was designed by James Hoban on a site chosen by George Washington. （ D） It is the oldest public building in Wash
10、ington. 13 Which one is oval in shape in White House? （ A） The East Room. （ B） The Red Room. （ C） The Blue Room. （ D） The Green Room. 14 Who is the first President to live in White House? （ A） Theodore Roosevelt. （ B） John Adams. （ C） George Washington. （ D） Thomas Jefforson. 15 According to the con
11、versation which statement about the name of the White House is True? （ A） It became official before President Theodore Roosevelt had it engraved upon his stationery. （ B） It derives the name from the color of the building. （ C） The building was restored after being burned in 1814,so the smoke -stain
12、ed gray stone walls were painted white. （ D） Actually the cognomen “White House” was applied to the building some time before it was painted. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the en
13、d of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Whats happening? （ A） A revolutionary NASA jet was destroyed in its first flight. （ B） A booster rocket veered out of control and tumlJled to the ground. （ C） A booster rocket was destroyed after it fulfilled the task. （ D
14、） A revolutionary NASA jet was destroyed after many flights. 17 Whats the commission of the X -43A prototype? （ A） To revolutionize research and develop speed. （ B） To revolutionize travel and shatter speed records. （ C） To revolutionize flight and explore outer space. （ D） To revolutionize explorat
15、ion and increase experience. 18 Wahid wanted to fire _. （ A） a cabinet member （ B） the national police chief （ C） a lawmaker （ D） a Muslim scholar 19 Some senior legislators accused Wahid of _. （ A） violating the congress by embazzlement （ B） violating the constitution by hiring the chief without co
16、nsulting congress （ C） violating the congress by firing the chief without consulting lawmakers （ D） violating the constitution by firing the chief without consulting parliament 20 When did Wahid claim to fire Bimantoro? （ A） On Friday. （ B） On Saturday. （ C） On Thursday. （ D） On Wednesday. 20 After
17、so many years of studying English, you may still get confused like you first come here just because of the slang the students use! Now let us see how “street talk“ and “regional talk“ are. Street talk is a way to categorize many “hip“ words used on the street. There is a playfulness about street tal
18、k. What about the word “hip?“ You might have thought that this was derived from “hippie“-a follower of social fashion in the 1960s and 70s. But no, it comes from a much older usage, the word “hep”. The word “hip” is marked as “out-of-date slang“. But it seems to have come back into fashion. Other bi
19、ts of old-fashioned slang are also popular here, such as “cool. The expression “thats cool“ is often used to agree to a suggestion. The problem with slang and trendy expressions in general is that they change fast, so that only those who are using them all the time can keep up. A great deal of slang
20、 used by students comes from television and films,especially from “catch phrases“ that are used by characters in TV programmes or films. A “catchphrase“ is a phrase that a particular character repeats. If you live here among students, go out to the cinema, watch similar programes and listen to popul
21、ar music, you might find yourself using slang with- out even thinking. If you meet students from outside London and the south-east, you may notice that local people some- times dont use textbook English. Traditional dialects are dying out here. But there are still many regional variations in the way
22、 English is used. One example is the way people address each other. If you are in Newcastle, you might hear people ( particularly women) refer to each other as “hinny“-a common term of endearment. “Hinny“ refers to the “sterile hybrid offspring of a male horse and female donkey,“ but that is not wha
23、t they mean when they call you “hinny“ in Newcastle ! Probably, the word theyre using is the local form of “honey“. Other parts have their own endearments. If someone in Glasgow calls you“ hen“ or someone in Nottingham adds “duck“ to the end of what they say ,theyre being friendly, not rude. Younger
24、 people tend to use these terms less. And these phrases are only the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the rich regional variations found in informal speech here today. So after you think youve got the hang of slang, do you dare use it yourself? Take care! Most informal and colloquial usage marks
25、you as coming from a particular social background-to a native speaking thing. Since English is not your first language, people may find it odd if you use slang. But you should spare time for chatting with, and learning from native - speakers and try to understand different usages. As you gain experi
26、ence, youll learn which phrases are safe to use. But make sure you dont use them in the wrong place. Stick with official English whenever in doubt! 21 The author is a _. （ A） travel guide （ B） language professor （ C） school supervisor （ D） talkshow host 22 What does the word “hip“ mean in this passa
27、ge? （ A） It is derived from “hippie“. （ B） It means following the social fashion in the 1960s and 1970s. （ C） It comes from a more recent useage. （ D） It means “out - of - date slang”. 23 The problem with slang and trendy expressions is _. （ A） that they are out - of - date （ B） that they are diffic
28、ult （ C） that they change fast （ D） that they mean nonsense 24 What does “hinny“ mean in Newcastle? （ A） The sterile hybrid of a horse and a donkey. （ B） A common term of cursing. （ C） The local form of“ hello“. （ D） A usual way of affection. 25 The author asks learners _. （ A） to never use slang （
29、B） to understand what these slang words mean （ C） to take time to use slang often （ D） to stick with official English 25 A team of international researchers has found new evidence that an endangered subspecies of chimpanzee is the source of the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (
30、AIDS) in humans. Experts said the finding could lead to new treatments for AIDS and contribute to the development of a vaccine against the disease. The research team said the chimp - a subspecies known as Pan troglodytes troglodytes native to west central Africa - carries a simixan immunodeficiency
31、virus (SIV) that is closely related to three strains of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV), the virus that causes AIDS. One of these strains, HIV - 1, has caused the vast majority of the estimated 30 million HIV infections around the world. The researchers are uncertain When the chimp virus, called
32、 SIVcpz (for simixan immunodeficiency virus chimpanzee), first infected humans, although the oldest documented case of HIV has been linked to a Bantu man who died in Central Africa in 1959. But they said the virus, which does not appear to harm the chimps, was most likely transmixtted to humans when
33、 hunters were exposed to chimp blood while killing and butchering the animals for food. Once transmixtted to humans, the researchers believe the virus mutated into HIV - 1. Team leader Beatrice Hahn, an AIDS researcher at the University of Alabama in Birmingham, said the chimps have probably carried
34、 the virus for hundreds of thousands of years. Since humans have likely hunted the animals since prehistoric times, Hahn said the virus may have jumped to humans on many occasions, but was not transmixtted widely among humans until the 20th century. Increased hunting of the chimpanzees, along with h
35、uman mixgration to African cities and changing sexual mores, could help explain the recent epidemixc, Hahn said. Scientists had long suspected that a nonhuman primate was the source of HIV - 1. Earlier studies suggested that the sooty mangabey monkey, a native of West Africa, was the likely source o
36、f HIV - 2 - a rarer form of the AIDS virus that is transmixtted less easily than HIV - 1. However, only a few samples of SIV strains exist, making it difficult for researchers to confidently connect the strains to HIV - 1. As part of their effort to discover the source of HIV - 1, the research team
37、studied the four known samples of SIVcpz. They learned that three of the four samples came from chimps belonging to the subspecies P.t. troglodytes. The remaining sample came from another subspecies, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, which inhabits East Africa. The team then compared the SIVcpz strain
38、s to each other and found that all three of the viruses from P. t. troglodytes were closely related, while the virus from P.t. schweinfurthii was genetically different. Next they compared the SIVcpz strains to the main subgroups of HIV - 1, known as M, N, and O. Their comparisons showed that the P.t
39、. troglodytes viruses strongly resembled all three HIV - 1 subgroups. Additional evidence that HIV - 1 could be linked to P. t. troglodytes came when the researchers examined the chimps natural habitat. The researchers quickly discovered that the chimps live primarily in the West African nations of
40、Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, and Republic of the Congo the geographic region where HIV -1 was first identified. Upon closer study, the researchers learned that the chimps were being killed in growing numbers for the so - called bushmeat trade, a trend assisted by the
41、 construction of new logging roads in once remote forests. The researchers said that continued hunting of the animals meant that many people are still likely to be exposed to SIVcpz, increasing the risk of additional cross - species transmissions. Many AIDS researchers welcomed the teams finding, bu
42、t said the new work had not proved the connection definitively. Most of the doubts centered on the difficulty of drawing conclusions from such a small number of SIVcpz samples. Because so few samples exist - all drawn from chimps in captivity - researchers do not know how prevalent the virus is amon
43、g wild chimps, or how the virus is transmixtted. Doubts are likely to persist until the course of the virus is studied in chimps in the wild. Some health experts said the finding could have far- reaching implications for combating AIDS. Because SIVcpz does not cause the chimps to become iii, researc
44、hers believe that the animals disease -fighting immune systems may have developed a defense against the virus. Since chimps are 98 percent genetically similar to humans, learning more about the chimps immune systems could shed light on new ways to prevent and treat AIDS in humans. Discovering how th
45、e chimps immune system controls the virus, for ex- ample, could help researchers develop a vaccine that generates a similar immune -system response in humans. Other experts noted that even if the finding does not help in the fight against AIDS, it provides strong evidence that dangerous viruses can
46、be transmixtted to humans from wild animals. In some cases, the viruses may be harmless to the host animals, but cause sickness and death when transmixtted to humans. As people increasingly venture into remote animal habitats, some scientists believe there is a growing risk of new human exposures to
47、 previously unknown disease -causing microbes. In the meantime, widespread slaughter of the chimps could make further study of P. t. troglodytes difficult. The wild chimp population, which exceeded 1 million animals in the early 20th century, is now believed to number fewer than 100,000. “We cannot
48、afford to lose these animals, either from the animals conservation point of view or a medical investigation standpoint,“ said Hahn. “It is quite possible that the chimpanzee, which has served as the source of HIV - 1, also holds the clues to its successful control.“ 26 The significance of the finding is that _. （ A） people now know the number of chimpanzees is much smaller than expected （ B） it may make it possible for scientists to discover new ways of treating AIDS. （ C） it proves some deadly human diseases can also be transmitted to wild animals （ D） it will soon help the scientists deve
