1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 582及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Seven Types of Evidence It is important to learn to use evidence in argumentative writing, because withou
3、t evidence, you cant persuade anybody of anything. Usually seven types of evidence are used. I. Expert Testimony Expert testimony is useful because it comes from somebody with special knowledge and has been tested by others. There are three kinds of expert testimony; facts, informed opinions, and (1
4、)_. The first two can be safely used in your writing, but the third may be dangerous, because they are just what is possibly true. II.(2)_ This refers to data that can reveal some information. Strong evidence of this type should be valid, accurate, and (3)_. III. Examples Examples are widely used in
5、 our daily life. Examples can serve three purposes. First, clarify meaning. Second, provide reason for justification. Third, (4)_. IV. Personal Experience Writer can use his own experience to support an argument. But if the experience is (5) _, the argument will not be very forceful. V. Analogy Anal
6、ogy is a comparison of apparently dissimilar things. Analogy can make unfamiliar topics (6)_, but it is not enough to prove anything. VI. Known Facts Known facts are facts that are known to (7)_. They can be used as a type of evidence. VII. Logic and Reasoning Logic and reasoning may be used in two
7、situations. One, (8)_is not available. Two, the writer wants to strengthen the persuasiveness of his factual evidence. Ps: Three Criteria for Good Evidence 1. relevant 2.(9)._ 3.(10)_ SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer
8、 the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about Davids personal background? （ A） He ha
9、d excellent academic records at school and university. （ B） He was once on a PhD program at Yale University. （ C） He received professional training in acting. （ D） He came from a single-parent family. 12 David is inclined to believe in _. （ A） aliens （ B） UFOs （ C） the TV character （ D） government c
10、onspiracies 13 David thinks he is fit for the TV role because of his _. （ A） professional training （ B） personality （ C） life experience （ D） appearance 14 From the interview, we know that at present David feels _. （ A） a sense of frustration （ B） haunted by the unknown things （ C） confident but moo
11、dy （ D） successful yet unsatisfied 15 How does David feel about the divorce of his parents? （ A） He feels a sense of anger. （ B） He has a sense of sadness. （ C） It helped him grow up. （ D） It left no effect on him. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ON
12、LY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Haier Group bid for Maytag is _. （ A） $1.75 billion （ B） $18.5 billion （ C） $16.4 billion （ D） $1.3 billion 17 Which statement is not true according
13、to the news? （ A） This is the biggest takeover battle for China. （ B） Chinas bid will probably trigger a costly biding competition over the company Unocal. （ C） The US is planning forbidding Chinese companys bids for US company. （ D） Unocal has agreed to be sold to another American oil company. 17 1
14、 In the days of the Roses, France was still a sort of semi-detached part of England, a country much less foreign to an Englishman than Ireland was. A fifteenth century Englishman went to France as a matter of course, but to Ireland only under protest. 2 He lay and thought about that England. The Eng
15、land over which the Wars of the Roses had been fought. A green, green England, with not a chimney-stack from Cumberland to Cornwall. An England still unhedged, with great forests alive with game, and wide marshes thick with wildfowl. An England with the same small group of dwellings repeated every f
16、ew miles in endless permutation., castle, church, and cottages; monastery, church, and cottages; manor, church, and cottages. The strips of cultivation round the cluster of dwellings, and beyond that the greenness. The unbroken greenness. The deep rutted lanes that ran from group to group, mired to
17、bog in the winter and white with dust in the summer; decorated with wild roses or red wit hawthorn as the seasons came and went. 3 For thirty years, over this green uncrowded land, the Wars of the Roses had been fought. But it had been more of a blood feud than a war. A Montague and Capulet affair,
18、of no great concern to the average Englishman. No one pushed in at your door to demand whether you were York or Lancaster and to hale you off to a concentration camp if your answer proved to be the wrong one for the occasion. It was a small concentrated war, almost a private party. They fought a bat
19、tle in your lower meadow, and turned your kitchen into a dressing-station, and then moved off somewhere or other to fight a battle somewhere else, and a few weeks later you would have a family row about the result because your wife was probably Lancaster and you were perhaps York, and it was all rat
20、her like following rival football teams today. 18 What had been taking place during the time of the Roses? （ A） the development of England （ B） a series of wars （ C） the growth of poetry （ D） the Battle of the Armada 19 Is this lecture speaking of something actually taking place, or of something bei
21、ng recalled and thought about? （ A） an actual, present event （ B） the thoughts of a person （ C） a fictional future （ D） there is no indication 20 On what country is this selection based? （ A） Ireland （ B） England （ C） France （ D） England and Ireland 21 To which two great families or groups of famili
22、es does the passage refer? （ A） the Yorkists and the Lancastrians （ B） the Yorks and the Roses （ C） the White and the Red （ D） France and England 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 22 A
23、typical feature of the English Victorian literature is that writers became social and moral_, exposing all kinds of social evils. （ A） revolutionaries （ B） idealists （ C） critics （ D） defenders 23 General election in New Zealand has been held about_since 1879. （ A） every two years （ B） every three y
24、ears （ C） every four years （ D） every five years 24 In area, the United States is the_ largest country in the world. （ A） 2nd （ B） 3rd （ C） 4th （ D） 5th 25 The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike conducted by Japanese Navy against US Navy in （ A） 1939. （ B） 1940. （ C） 1941 （ D） 194
25、2 26 The Civil War of England broke out in_. （ A） 1789 （ B） 1879 （ C） 1642 （ D） 1462 28 There are _ words by combining “white“ ,“up“ ,“wash“ mutually. （ A） 1 （ B） 2 （ C） 3 （ D） 4 29 A series of dynastic civil wars between supporters of the House of Lancaster and the House of York in the 15th century
26、 are also known as （ A） Seven Years War. （ B） the Hundred Years War. （ C） the Wars of the Roses. （ D） War of Independence. 30 Emily Dickensons poem This is my letter to the World expresses the poets _ about her communication with the outside world （ A） indifference （ B） joy （ C） anxiety （ D） indigna
27、tion 31 The term “The Lost Generation“ mainly refers to the American generation of young people after （ A） WWI （ B） WWII （ C） the Civil War （ D） the Vietnam War 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING and, in the general, it passes between children of the 【 B6】 _ same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the
28、 difference in age between playmates to be more than five years. If, therefore, a playground rhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or 【 B7】 _ even just for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitted over and over, very possibly it has passed along a chain of two or thr
29、ee 【 B8】 _ hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live 【 B9】 _ after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the 【 B10】 _ original wording. 32 【 B1】 33 【 B2】 34 【 B3】 35 【 B4】 36 【 B5】 37 【 B6】 38 【 B7】 39 【 B8】 40 【 B9】 41 【 B10】 SECTION A CHINESE T
30、O ENGLISH Directions: Translate the following text into English. 42 离我们不远站着的一位中年绅士也在眺望远景，他也是中国人，听我儿子讲得挺带劲，就非常自然地与儿子攀谈起来，饶有兴致地论及阿拉斯加在美国版图上所处位置的特殊性，因为该州与美国本土根本不搭界，它一边与俄罗斯的白令海峡相互对望，一边与加拿大毗邻，那地方原属沙俄领土，沙皇时代卖给美国。据说当时沙俄认为那是不毛之 地，由爱斯基摩人居住，没有任何价值，美国肯出钱要它，何乐而不为呢 !至于美国出于什么动机买下这块 “冰天雪地 ”，那个答案似乎是尽人皆知，不足为奇的，但是那位绅
31、士却特别强调，当时一些远见卓识的政治家，是因为阿拉斯加的地理位置具有战略意义的重要性而买下这块土地的。可是他们却不知道那里还有极大的经济价值，除了有人已经作过金矿的勘探外，地下还埋着丰富的、源源不断的石油宝藏，这怕是当初的卖主绝对预料不到的吧 ! SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 43 Successful leaders are emotionally and intellectually oriented to the futurenot wedded to
32、 the past. They have a hunger to take responsibility, to innovate, and to initiate. They are not content with merely taking care of whats already there. They want to move forward to create something new. Leaders provide answers as well as direction, offer strength as well as dedication, and speak fr
33、om experience as well as understanding of the problems they face and the people they work with. Leaders are flexible rather than dogmatic. They believe in unity rather than conformity, and they strive to achieve consensus out of conflict. 三、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition o
34、f about 400 words on the following topic. 44 Write a comment of about 400 words on the following topic: 1. The Advantage of Reading In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In
35、the last part you should bring what you hove written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will: be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. 专业英语八级模拟试卷 58
36、2答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lect
37、ure is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 Seven Types of Evidence Good morning. Today we will talk about how to use evidence in writing. In much of your c
38、ollege writing, you will try to persuade your readers to see things in your way. Without good evidence to support your ideas, you will hardly persuade anyone of anything. So today well look at seven kinds of evidence that are widely used in argumentative writing. The first type of evidence is expert
39、 testimony. An expert is someone who has special skill and knowledge based on careful study and wide experience in a certain area. More than that, an expert has tested his or her skill and knowledge in a public forum. Once your opinion is firm, you can use expert testimony to support it. To use expe
40、rt testimony wisely, you need to be both respectful and critical. You will need to differentiate among (1) three kinds of evidence that experts provide: facts, informed opinions, and speculations. Generally, you can use facts and informed opinions, but must be cautious with speculations. This is bec
41、ause speculations are just what one person thinks is plausible, so they should be treated as something that could be true. The second type of evidence is statistics. Statistics are numerical data gathered and tabulated to yield information. Whether they are raw data or translated into charts and fig
42、ures, numbers are powerful evidence. If they are properly used, data can prove a claim rapidly and conclusively. When a survey shows that 95 percent of senior students are satisfied with the courses they have taken at a university, we can persuade readers that the university is a good one. But you m
43、ust be careful with numbers. (3) Only when the data are valid, accurate and up-to-date can they really support your point. So when you want to use data, examine carefully before putting them down in your article. Next comes the third evidence, examples. Every day you use examples as evidence for you
44、r claims. You might write to your parents, “ Sorry I havent written much but Ive been very busy. I spent last week in the library, bent over the books studying for two midterms. “ In this case, you establish your claim and back it up with a specific example. Examples serve three purposes. First, the
45、y clarify meaning. Your parents may not know exactly what you mean by busy until you show them. Second, examples demonstrate why, at least in one instance, you are justified in making your claim. Studying for two midterms does sound like being busy. (4) Third, examples make for entertaining reading.
46、 Abstractions are dry. Claiming that you are busy isnt very interesting. But the image of you bent intently over a book probably pleases your parents, who may now forgive you for not writing. The fourth type of evidence is personal experience. If we actually experience something directly, we dont ne
47、ed experts or statistics to back us up. Although we know that our experience is not totally reliable, we trust our senses and our ability to understand our personal experience. And in some cases, our own experience can persuade readers to accept our statement. In complex matters, however, (5) be awa
48、re of jumping to conclusions based on limited personal experience. Your experience may help to explain, but it cannot prove a more general thesis. Knowing someone who cheats on her income tax does not prove that the problem with income tax cheaters is pervasive. Even if you know five or ten or twent
49、y cheaters, all that proves is that you are unlucky in your acquaintances. For such a complex subject, you need more than personal experience. You need statistics and expert interpretation. Analogy is the fifth type of evidence on our list. An analogy is a comparison of apparently dissimilar things, and its purpose is to illuminate one thing by showing how it is like and n
